二组分固-液平衡相图在矿物结晶中的应用

主要介绍了二组分固–液平衡相图在岩浆形成矿物过程中的应用,列举了简单低共熔、有化合物生成和有固溶体生成的三种类型的固–液平衡相图应用实例,最后分析解释复杂相图,为提高学生对基础相图知识掌握和运用能力提供素材。

化学热力学公式的记忆方法

物理化学尤其是化学热力学公式多、易混淆,学生记忆负担较重.介绍了巧记物理化学中热力学函数关系式和简要分析二元系统固液平衡相图的方法,并以熵变计算为例介绍了物理化学的解题技巧.

Liquid-solid Equilibria in Quinary System Na^＋,K^＋,Mg^2＋//Cl^-,NO3^--H2O at 25°C

The solubilities of the quinary system Na^＋ ,K^＋ ,Mg^2＋ //Cl ,NO 3 ^-H2O and its two quaternary subsystems, Na^＋ ,K^＋ ,Mg^2＋ //NO 3 -H2O and K^ ＋ ,Mg ^2＋ //Cl ,NO 3 ^-H2O,were studied by isothermal method at 25°C and their phase diagrams were plotted.In the equilibrium phase diagram of quaternary system Na^ ＋ ,K^ ＋ ,Mg ^2＋ //NO 3 ^-H2O, there are one invariant point,three univariant curves and three regions of crystallization with one salt：NaNO3, KNO3 and Mg（NO3）2·6H2O.In the equilibrium phase diagram of quaternary system K ^＋ ,Mg ^2＋ //Cl ,NO 3 ^-H2O,there are three invariant points,seven univariant curves and five regions of crystallization with one salt：KNO3,KCl, Mg（NO3）2·6H2O,MgCl2·6H2O and KCl·MgCl2·6H2O.In the equilibrium phase diagram of the quinary system Na ^＋ , K^ ＋ ,Mg ^2＋ //Cl ,NO 3^ -H2O,there are four invariant points,and seven regions of crystallization with one salt：NaCl, KCl,NaNO3,KCl·MgCl2·6H2O,KNO3,MgCl2·6H2O and Mg（NO3）2·6H2O.

Experimental measurement and thermodynamic modeling of binary and ternary solid–liquid phase equilibrium for the systems formed by L-arabinose,D-xylose and water

Solid–liquid phase equilibrium data for binary(L-arabinose–water) and(D-xylose–water) systems at temperatures from(269.85–298.05) K and ternary(L-arabinose–D-xylose–water) system at temperatures of 273.85 K,278.85 K and 284.45 K were measured at atmospheric pressure.The ternary phase diagrams of the systems were constructed on the base of the measured solubility.Two pure solid phases were formed at given temperatures,including pure L-arabinose and pure D-xylose,which were con firmed and determined by the method of Schreinemakers' wet residue.At the same temperature,the crystallization region of L-arabinose was larger than D-xylose's.The acquired solubility data were then correlated using the NRTL model,Wilson model and Xu model.The calculated solubility with the three models agreed well with the experimental values.

精喹禾灵原药生产废水中对甲苯磺酸钾及碳酸钾的分离回收工艺

[目的]建立精喹禾灵原药生产废水中对甲苯磺酸钾及碳酸钾的分离回收工艺。[方法]测定绘制25℃碳酸钾-碳酸氢钾-对甲苯磺酸钾-水四元体系固液平衡相图,并以此为基础设计精喹禾灵原药生产废水中对甲苯磺酸钾及碳酸钾的分步蒸发分离回收工艺。[结果]利用分步蒸发分离回收工艺,精喹禾灵原药生产废水中对甲苯磺酸钾的回收率及纯度分别为98.5%和98.2%;碳酸氢钾热解为碳酸钾可全部回收,回收的碳酸钾纯度达98.5%。[结论]利用碳酸钾-碳酸氢钾-对甲苯磺酸钾-水四元体系固液平衡相图很好地指导该体系中混合盐的分离回收。