在各种贸易谈判和关于贸易开放的争论中,就业问题一直是最为重要的议题之一。随着中国对外贸易的发展,中国贸易开放对他国就业影响的实证研究大量涌现,其中较为著名的是Autor et al.(2013)在AER发表的文章中提出的“中国综合症”,认为...在各种贸易谈判和关于贸易开放的争论中,就业问题一直是最为重要的议题之一。随着中国对外贸易的发展,中国贸易开放对他国就业影响的实证研究大量涌现,其中较为著名的是Autor et al.(2013)在AER发表的文章中提出的“中国综合症”,认为中国的出口显著降低了美国制造业部门的就业率。然而我们通过收集这一领域的大量文献并采用新型文献综述工具元分析方法对文献进行研究,发现现有文献对于中国贸易开放的他国就业效应究竟是正面还是负面是存在差异的。研究国别、研究行业、样本数据的观测年份、研究作者的学术国籍等都是导致研究结论相悖的重要因素。元分析主要结果显示:(1)中国的出口在对亚洲国家的就业有更为显著的促进作用的基础上,中国出口对美国和欧洲并没有显示更为显著的负效应;(2)只有当论文作者全为美国人的时候才得到更为显著的负面影响;(3)中国的出口在非制造业部门的研究中发现了显著的就业促进效应;(4)中国的中间品出口也显著提高了其他国家的就业。另外,在控制文献研究差异和发表偏倚现象后,结果仍然稳健。展开更多
Spain became a net receiver country of a high number of foreigners entering the labour market in the first decade of the 21 st century. The ensuing economic crisis, beginning in 2007, led to the destruction of a large...Spain became a net receiver country of a high number of foreigners entering the labour market in the first decade of the 21 st century. The ensuing economic crisis, beginning in 2007, led to the destruction of a large number of companies and jobs. The objective of this paper is to analyze the relationship between educational level, employment and economic activity, in the Spanish and foreign working population in the Spanish labour market and the impact that the economic crisis is having on employment and self-employment. The hypotheses considered have been as followed--HI： The economic crisis mainly affects the less educated working population, both Spanish and foreign; H2： Self-employment is characterized by being an initiative of a working population with low educational levels for both population groups （Spanish and foreign）; H3： Employment is related to the productive economic structure. Micro-data from the Labour Force Survey 2009 （EPA in Spanish） has been used, compiled by Spains National Statistics Office （INE in Spanish）, and it has been applied Multiple Correspondence Analysis （MCA） to detect possible associations among the study variables （nationality, level of education, salaried employment, self-employment and economic activity）. The results show significant differences between both groups： Spanish and foreign working population. The study also shows how the crisis affects employment, and the important role played by the educational level of the working population, especially foreigners employed in certain economic activities.展开更多
文摘在各种贸易谈判和关于贸易开放的争论中,就业问题一直是最为重要的议题之一。随着中国对外贸易的发展,中国贸易开放对他国就业影响的实证研究大量涌现,其中较为著名的是Autor et al.(2013)在AER发表的文章中提出的“中国综合症”,认为中国的出口显著降低了美国制造业部门的就业率。然而我们通过收集这一领域的大量文献并采用新型文献综述工具元分析方法对文献进行研究,发现现有文献对于中国贸易开放的他国就业效应究竟是正面还是负面是存在差异的。研究国别、研究行业、样本数据的观测年份、研究作者的学术国籍等都是导致研究结论相悖的重要因素。元分析主要结果显示:(1)中国的出口在对亚洲国家的就业有更为显著的促进作用的基础上,中国出口对美国和欧洲并没有显示更为显著的负效应;(2)只有当论文作者全为美国人的时候才得到更为显著的负面影响;(3)中国的出口在非制造业部门的研究中发现了显著的就业促进效应;(4)中国的中间品出口也显著提高了其他国家的就业。另外,在控制文献研究差异和发表偏倚现象后,结果仍然稳健。
文摘Spain became a net receiver country of a high number of foreigners entering the labour market in the first decade of the 21 st century. The ensuing economic crisis, beginning in 2007, led to the destruction of a large number of companies and jobs. The objective of this paper is to analyze the relationship between educational level, employment and economic activity, in the Spanish and foreign working population in the Spanish labour market and the impact that the economic crisis is having on employment and self-employment. The hypotheses considered have been as followed--HI： The economic crisis mainly affects the less educated working population, both Spanish and foreign; H2： Self-employment is characterized by being an initiative of a working population with low educational levels for both population groups （Spanish and foreign）; H3： Employment is related to the productive economic structure. Micro-data from the Labour Force Survey 2009 （EPA in Spanish） has been used, compiled by Spains National Statistics Office （INE in Spanish）, and it has been applied Multiple Correspondence Analysis （MCA） to detect possible associations among the study variables （nationality, level of education, salaried employment, self-employment and economic activity）. The results show significant differences between both groups： Spanish and foreign working population. The study also shows how the crisis affects employment, and the important role played by the educational level of the working population, especially foreigners employed in certain economic activities.
