国外发展中国家水产养殖中的环境问题

对调查所获的亚洲、非洲和南美洲的20个国外发展中国家最常见的水产养殖状况、所产生的不利影响和急需的对策支持等数据进行了分析。结果显示,目前的养殖品种至少有90种,表现出较高的多样性。亚洲的水产养殖活动最为明显。除泰国外,所有国家的食粮型养殖品种均高于商业型养殖品种。水产养殖带来的对环境最主要的不利影响为废水污染、环境破坏、药物残留和亲苗掠夺;逃逸灾害、疾病扩散、饵鱼滥捕和生物误捕次之。为消除这些不利影响,这些发展中国家迫切需要在技术更新、科学研究、教育培训和政策扶持等对策方面得到有效的支持。

国外部分发展中国家基本药物制度的经验借鉴

目的通过研究国外部分发展中国家基本药物制度的经验,提出对我国实行基本药物制度的启示。方法采用文献研究法,通过查阅印度、南非、津巴布韦、肯尼亚4个发展中国家的基本药物制度的相关文献,总结出对我国的经验启示。结果与结论借鉴4个发展中国家的经验,我国在基本药物制度中应加强基本药物目录制定的科学性、增强对医疗机构的培训、加大基本药物宣传力度等。

Reviews of the research on water resources management system at home and abroad

The reform of the system of water resource management abroad has started since the 50s of last century, it has left us a lot of experiences in many aspects with the innovation of system, such as the legal environment in water resources, water rights, water market theory, and the ＂participation＂ management of water resources, these experiences has been promoted in more than 40 developing countries. Based on analyzing the theory and experiences of water resources management both at home and abroad, especially the theory and experiences of agricultural water resources management, this paper puts forward the main problems waiting for further investigation in China＇s water resources management and provides some reference and inspiration for the innovation of the system of water resource management in China.