多歧与复调:民初四川国学学校学术分科的西化过程

20世纪的中国学术受到西潮冲击,以西式分科为基准,强调学术专科化成为一大显著表征。然而以中学来适应西学的学术分科又存在着双方难以充分绾合的困境。作为民初蜀中唯一的专门性国学研究和教学机构,四川国学学校迟至1918年底始在官方“训令”要求下将学科设置的西化工作提上日程。在预拟章程草案中,校方仍然大体延续此前既存的办学模式和框架,与教育部定章乃至川省当局的明文要求明显异趣,从一个特定的重要视角折射出民初四川在当时整个传统学术文化嬗替进程中的多歧特性。尽管无法全然抵拒西式文科学术类分体制自上而下的推行趋向,但至少从该校的课程设置和教学授受层面来看,由传统经史学问的研习理路向西式文科类分观念下“学术研究”的转变在蜀中是相对滞后于教育部定章且不无迟疑和忧虑的过程。

无锡国学专修学校述略

无锡国专在开创、转制、抗日播迁和复员等不同时期，坚持艰苦创业，勤俭办学。教学则倡导敦品励学；磨炼第一等品行；学业应不拘一格，兼收并蓄，由博退约，自成一家，尤注重实践。

《无锡国学专修学校丛书》的学术贡献

《无锡国学专修学校丛书》,唐文治等著,张京华总校,上海交通大学出版社2017年12月新版,合订精装,共计6册。文章原为《无锡国学专修学校丛书》新版总序,内容略有修改。

《工科先驱国学大师——南洋大学校长唐文治》出版

该书由华中师范大学余子侠教授撰写，山东教育出版社出版。全书共分五章，依次是：品学兼优、忠公体国、工科先驱、国学大师、治校方略。唐文治先生与南洋大学的关系．犹如蔡元培先生、张伯苓先生与北京大学、南开大学之关系，都是一个大学学府建立过程中的中心人物．和学校的荣誉是密切相联的。作者认为．“尽管唐文治长校之时．南洋称‘大学’之名为时甚短．但较诸其时及其后所有中国的著名大学，

四川国学院述略

四川国学院之前期存古学堂设立于1910年,学堂以保存国学为宗旨,以理学、经学、史学、词章为主课,声韵小学(文字学)亦为诸生所必修。事实上,存古成为当时四川培养国学人才的最高学府。其所聘教席皆当时国学才俊,著名者有多位,如谢无量、曾学传、吴之英等。1912年,存古学堂改四川国学院,学院以研究国学、发扬国粹、续修通志、切于实用为宗旨。吴之英为院正,刘师培为院副,楼黎然、曾学传、廖平等名师受聘。1914年,又改国学学校,廖平继任校长,新聘宋育仁任教务长。国学院前后虽仅约五年,但因师资高明,诸生多俊秀青年,却也出了不少杰出人才,如蒙文通、向宗鲁、彭云生等。

钱基博《〈文心雕龙〉校读记》的学术特点述论

钱基博所著《〈文心雕龙〉校读记》,为民国时期《无锡国学专修学校丛书》第十种。从理解文献资料入手,史料与理论并重,追溯韩愈古文运动、周敦颐文以载道的思想源流,开创"比较-发明-总结"的诠释模式,融汇传统经史之学,具有高度的启发性与延伸性,代表了民国时期龙学研究的学术高度。钱基博重视校勘为本的探索,以黄本、嘉靖本、张本、汉魏本为线索,指出讹误,补正阙文,增添了一个新的清代校勘、补辑汇本,足以扩大和充实明清版本的未备之处,有助于后学理解龙学精义。

Current Issues and Development Strategies of Building the Discipline of Pharmacy Administration at Pharmacy Schools in China

The history and current status of Pharmacy Administration discipline atpharmacy schools in China are illustrated. Several current issues are explored including: (1)insufficient teaching organizations and curriculum, (2) faculty deficiency both in quantity andquality, and (3) much improvement needed in the scope, methodology, and sophistication of research.Several development strategies are formulated such as (1) integrating native education resources inorder to better foster quality professionals, (2) accelerating inter-university cooperation both inteaching and research, and (3) studying the regularites of discipline development and enhancinginternational exchange.

Distribution of primary school based on spatial network comprehensive model in low-income mountainous cities： a case study in Wanyuan, China

Focusing on the peculiarities of urban construction resulting from specific mountain terrains, the purpose of this study is to find out a suitable method based on a Spatial Network Comprehensive Model(SNCM) to reasonably plan and distribute primary schools in low-income mountain cities. The construction principles and advantages of the SNCM method are proposed and the method tested in Wanyuan city of Qinba Mountain area(Southwest China) to verify its feasibility and optimization. Taking account of the mountain terrain and its influence on user behavior, we used the SNCM method to build a comprehensive model which integrates the road slope and the walking speed of pupils into the basic spatial model. The model is used to calculate a reasonable layout of the primary schools and to validate the rationale. The results show that the SNCM method can be effectively applied in low-income mountainous cities. It can not only improve the accessibility and service efficiency of primary schools using as little capital-investment as possible, but also help the city grow in an intensive and efficient way.

Cross-Cultural Bioethics at an International University in Japan

Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University （APU） in Beppu city, Japan has a large body of students from well over 90 countries, especially from the Asia Pacific region, including Japanese, Korean, Chinese, Thai, Vietnamese, and Indonesian students. To improve analytical thinking skills among college students, a course on ＂bioethics＂ was introduced and offered in two consecutive semesters to undergraduate students for which 245 students registered at each semester. The course was taught in the form of 14 lecture and discussion sessions, each for 95 minutes based on the content of A Cross-Cultural Introduction to Bioethics （2006） edited by Darryl Macer, and reviewed a wide variety of ethical and bioethical issues. In the next semester, the students received a similar teaching content that was rearranged to reflect the 15 universal principles of bioethics and human rights covered in the Bioethics Core Curriculum （2008）. Case studies were also added to each unit of the Core Curriculum with the support of the UNESCO＇s Asia Pacific Regional Office, Bangkok （Case Studies for Bioethics 2010）. To evaluate the results of teaching and to compare the achieved objectives between the two groups of students, a short questionnaire was given to all students who finished the course and took up the final written examination. In the whole, 454 students （225 in group I and 229 in group 2） completed the course and took the final examination and 427 （218 in group 1 and 209 in group 2） responded to the questionnaire which inquired into their interest in the discussion of bioethical issues： why they believed they were important, and what they had learned through them. The results of the questionnaire have been examined and compared to evaluate the success of ＂bioethics＂ in stimulating the interest and thinking ability of the students and enriching their experience of a cross-cultural discussion over bioethical issues using universal principles as general guidance. The result of this examination was so impressive that from 2011 bioethics has been formalized into the reformed curriculum of our international school.

On Autonomous Learning Strategy in Chinese Homeschooling With a Comparison to American Homeschooling

In applied linguistics, autonomous learning is a good way to help students accomplish innovative study. If it is properly used, the teaching effects can be strengthened to a large extent. China has a long history in home education. However, the whole world develops in a very fast pace and it is time to take a look at the world＇s homeschooling trend. This paper analyses Chinese home education and American home education, takes in good points of American home education, provides some suggestions and tries to apply autonomous learning strategy to Chinese home education in a better way

Problems of Moral Education in China＇s Schools and Solutions

School moral education is an important part of education, which concerns the students＇ growth and development in mental health. How to conduct moral education to help the students shape good moral norm is an issue frequently discussed in the academic area. This paper probes into this issue from the formation of incorrect outlooks towards wealth and power, discusses the risks of apparently incorrect moral education, and suggests the right moral education ways, combined with some specific cases： return to the true state of morality in the concept of moralization; conduct the students＇ sense of value through teaching activities in the content of moralization; and of moralization. distinguish between good and evil in moral conflict in the way

International School of Egyptology of Adolf Erman

The world admired Ancient Egypt since its conquest by the Roman Empire, For Europe, it was a dreamlike country full of wonders and magic, only in the beginning of the nineteenth century, the romantic interest gave way to serious scientific research. The founders of Egyptology widely known, hut the name of one of them, the German Egyptologist Adolf Erman, is rarely found in modern monographs of Western researches, dedicated to the history of Egypt. At the same time in Russia, where researches in the field of Egyptology have been started only in the late nineteenth century, a special attention was paid to Erman＇s works. The objective of this work was to evaluate the significant contribution of A. Erman to the development of the world and in particular Russian Egyptology. Analysis of Erman＇s, his disciples＇ and followers＇ works showed that he was the founder of the Berlin school of Egyptology which has brought up such famous Egyptologists as L. Borchardt, K. Zeta, H. Muller, G. Roeder, H. Schaefer, G. Shteindorf, and others. His influence went far beyond Germany： Among his students, there were researchers from England, the United States of America, and italy. Erman left a remarkable imprint on Russian Egyptology. B. Turayev and V. Struve were taught by Erman, then they became followers of this science at home; some of their students undertook an internship at Erman＇s school as well. After returning home the Russian researchers created works on the history and culture of ancient Egypt, lecturedon Egyptology in universities. As a result, Russian schools of Egyptology were founded by B. Turayev and V. Struve, the members of which proceeded to work on the history of Egypt and Ancient Orient, transferring their knowledge to the next generation.

Educating for Citizenship： A Case Study of Brazilians of Japanese Descendent in Public Schools in Japan

The current work presents a support tutoring program on the Japanese language applied to 12 newly arrived Brazilian students who moved to Japan after their parents migrated in order to work in electronic factories. All of them were not able to speak Japanese, even the greetings; during lunch time they also had to eat some types of food they had never had before. Certainly, it was a daily battle against the unknown as they interfaced between two very different cultures. This support tutoring program was implemented in a Japanese public school in Taiwa Town, Miyagi Prefecture, and it aimed to create an adequate environment that could provide a teaching-learning process in the cognitive, emotional, and social aspects to prepare the students to live in Japan, as well as to prepare them for their return to Brazil in the future.

2013 Curriculum Reflected in an International Oriented Senior High School, Yogyakarta

Curriculum is one of important factors which contribute to improving learner＇s ability and potency in education. Curriculum used in school has a purpose to make learners be active and creative persons. It is an education plan that emphasizes the competency of learners. Indonesia, through its Ministry of Education, implements 2013 Curriculum officially that reflects the competency of learners. This curriculum is actually similar with competence-based curriculum which concentrates on learners. In senior high school level, English becomes one of the subjects of final national examination and also this is the last level for learners before they continue their study to university. International oriented school is a school that applies English as a second language and also a school cooperates with or uses international standard curriculum. Reflecting learning and teaching English in senior high school especially in the international oriented school is very important and needs special attention. This research investigates the implementation of curriculum in the international oriented senior high school in Yogyakarta. From the research, it is known that the school officially does not implement 2013 Curriculum. However, ACT （Assessment Certificate Test） curriculum and the values of the school automatically reflect the 2013 Curriculum because the school empowering implementation of competency-based curriculum in learning process that focuses on learner-centered learning, facilitating assessments of process of learning and fostering learners＇ autonomy through the curriculum is reflected in the school essentially in the programs and activities.

Public Diplomacy Literacy Education of Youth in the Era of New Media Sphere

In recent years, public diplomacy experienced a steady and prosperous development in China. The objective of this paper is to map out the role of public diplomacy in China playing in the process of China＇s national image construction overseas and the necessity of public diplomacy literacy education of youth especially those college students in higher education institutions. To be aware of these, it is significant and valuable in terms of the public diplomacy literacy education in college teaching in the era of new media sphere.

Involvement of Girls in Leadership in Primary Schools in Voi Sub-county, Kenya

Women in Kenya are underrepresented in decision-making positions, which appears as a remnant of persisting cultural gender roles that limit women from participating in activities critical for personal, societal, and national development. Such retrogressive ideas regarding a large number of the country＇s citizens have to be addressed early in the life of a girl to build in girls＇ self-esteem and facilitate them to develop leadership skills. This study investigated the extent to which girls in primary schools in Voi sub-county are involved in leadership in their schools. The study was based on the 2010 Kenya＇s constitution which ruled that no more than two-thirds of elected or appointed public institutions leaders should consist of one gender. The new legal framework seeks to break down the barriers women face in realizing their political, civil, economic, and social rights. It also ensures that women are involved in decision-making at all levels of government. In this study, data was collected from three mixed primary schools in Voi sub-county given codes A, B, and C. School A had a total of 470 pupils; 225 were boys and 245 were girls and the school had 21 leadership positions. The findings showed that the majority 14 （66.7%） of the leadership positions were occupied by boys while the few 7 （33.3%） were occupied by girls. In school B, there were a total of 1,056 pupils; 498 were boys and 558 were girls. There were 13 leadership positions. The majority of the positions 7 （53.8 %） were occupied by boys and minority 6 （46.2%） were occupied by girls. In school C, there were a total of 1,450 pupils and 680 were boys and 770 girls. There were 13 leadership positions. The majority 7 （53.8%） of the positions were occupied by boys while 6 （46.2%） were occupied by girls. In all the schools, there were more girls than boys but boys occupied more leadership positions than girls. Boys also took senior positions and girls were their deputies and were not as active as boys in areas such as class discussions and debate. It was recommended that conscious effort should be made to develop leadership skills in girls during their formative years.

Promote Combinational Researches, Training, and Applied Scientific Technology in Universities and Institutes in Vietnam

To promote the combination of research, training, and scientific technology application is the main policy of the Vietnam Communist Party and State of their management to their meeting of the needs toward their radical and comprehensive renovation with educational and training processes. There are some solutions such as： To develop a national project on combination of research and scientific technology application in social science in Vietnam was administered, to develop a set of criteria to ensure effectiveness of combination of research and training which will be based on the needs of society was assessed, to increase self-control of research institutes and universities of social science sector in combination of research and scientific technology application was examined, to be continued of the renovation management mechanism was managed, the cost norm and means of providing finance research and scientific technology application in social science were founded. The comprehensive legal framework and criteria of combination of research and scientific technology application as a basic for evaluating activities of research and scientific technology application in social science were used. Suggestions that this study was to apply scientific technology in transferring national university and investigation of the key universities into universities＇ researches were provided.

Analysis of the Efficiency of Teaching Chess in Schools

The Republic of Armenia, as a world superpower in chess, is engaged in continuous development and implementation of specific strategic programmes which are aimed not only at providing high achievements in chess, but also at： （1） modernizing the educational sphere in the Republic of Armenia; （2） increasing the quality indexes of chess education--as a basic resource in the context of global educational system; （3） considerably deepening education subjects＇ cognitive interests towards education through the possibilities provided by chess; （4） developing learners＇ educational-cognitive motivation; and （5） creating conditions for activating learners＇ mental potential and the abilities to expose them, as well as promoting the awareness of the social value of chess in interpersonal relations. The contextual factors of teaching and learning chess in primary schools of Republic of Armenia have been revealed and presented in this paper. A number of conclusions and recommendations for policy makers are considerably made based on analysis of big research data.

Collegian Cultural Form of the American Entrepreneurial Universities and Its Enlightenment

The cultural form of entrepreneurial university has the academic entrepreneurial characteristics, which agrees with the background of economic era. MIT and Stanford University are the models of American entrepreneurial universities, and the spiritual culture, system culture, material culture and behavior culture elements of academic entrepreneurial characteristics depend on each other, influence each other and have a good cycle of cultural form, which is the internal driving mechanism of MIT and Stanford University towards entrepreneurial university development. In this cultural structure, the contradictory unity of academic and entrepreneurship, tile interaction between science and hummaity, the mutual promotion of innovation and entrepreneurship have the enlightenment significance for the construction of entrepreneurial university.