论我国政治生态化的构建——以中央与地方、国家(政府)与社会关系的两维度为例

生态政治学是运用生态学的观点研究社会政治现象的一种理论和方法。政治生态化是我国当前政治建设的最佳状态。我国的政治结构以中央与地方的关系为纵向维度,以国家(政府)与社会的关系为横向维度。将纵横维度的政治生态处理得当就能建立我国生态政治的框架。本文明确了中央与地方、国家(政府)与社会关系的现状,并且提出了如何构建两维度的生态关系,希望我国的政治能如和谐社会一般生态循环,生生不息。

在政府与市场关系上坚持走中国道路

党的十九届六中全会通过的《中共中央关于党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验的决议》中总结了“坚持中国道路”的宝贵历史经验。在政府与市场关系上,中国人走出了一条不同于西方国家的中国特色社会主义市场经济道路,使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用和更好地发挥政府作用,两者统一起来。西方国家在政府与市场关系上走的路途说明,其理论发展较早,前期既有自由市场主义也有国家干预主义,自由市场主义占主导;1930年世界性经济危机后,西方国家以积极政府指导经济发展,并占据主导地位。西方国家对外强迫推行自由市场主义,实质是为其掠夺资本财富开路。中国不走苏联模式的老路,也不会走西方自由化、私有化的邪路。中国在政府与市场关系上走的是独立自主的道路,既重视政府自觉,也重视市场自强,政府统筹规划与市场在资源配置中起决定性作用,两者并存,相辅相成。

权力失衡、利益取向偏离与农民工权益维护——交换理论视角下的农民工工资拖欠问题

从交换理论的视角分析,笔者认为,权力失衡是农民工工资拖欠的根源;利益取向的偏离是国家 (政府)作为第三方失灵的主要原因;而解决国家(政府)第三方失灵之道在于对行政权力界限进行重构。

社会建设视角下的乡村治理模式

从社会建设视角对"有限主导——合作"乡村治理模式进行学理性分析,阐释"有限主导——合作"模式的涵义、依据,认为形塑"有限主导——合作"模式的路径是:克服国家权威碎裂化,规范地方政府和基层政权行为;培育村干部合成器角色;增强农民合作精神。

生态民主

广义上的“生态民主”概念,包括两个不同层面上的意涵,即现代政治民主的生态化或“绿化”和一沖全新的生态主义民主。前者更多与现代社会中国家(政府)和政治的进一步民主化相关,而后者更接近于一种涵盖社会各个层面(政治、经济、社会与文化)的综合性新型民主。而就生态文明的政治及其建设来说,上述两个层面上的生态民主的拓展与创建都非常重要。

社会关系视角下的社会管理组织生成逻辑研究

社会管理组织生成逻辑的方法论基础有关系主义、结构化理论以及人性的假设。从社会关系的角度,以人的需要为逻辑起点,通过对资源交换行动与社会关系之间互动和转换机制的分析,可以发现:对于行动者而言,需要促成了资源交换的行动,而资源交换又造就了特定的社会关系,社会关系在特定空间的聚合并发生制度化和有序化的过程,则标志着组织的诞生。社会管理组织的合法性基础主要包括三个方面:组织目标的公共性,组织行动的参与性和组织关系的互惠性。

美国贸易政策制定模型分析

美国贸易政策为什么越来越表现出贸易保护主义,研究贸易政策制定的三种理论模型:国际体系模型、国内社会模型和国家(政府)模型都不能完整解释这一现象。本文通过梳理三种理论模型的优缺点,认为需要将这三种理论模型综合考虑。通过综合分析美国贸易政策制定模型,为理解美国贸易政策提供了新的理论视角,也为预测今后美国贸易政策发展变化提供了指南。

论政治传播公共性的实现

本文以"政治公共性"为核心概念,考察了国家(政府)的公共性本质,论证了政治决定传播并统摄传播过程的观点,在此基础上,界定了政治传播公共性的基本内涵,并围绕中国政治传播的现实,指出存在的主要问题,进而提出政治传播公共性的实现路径。

勿以暴力抗恶——列夫·托尔斯泰政治思想探析

俄国作家列夫·托尔斯泰不仅是一位享誉世界的文学艺术家,也是一位影响深远的思想家。他的思想不仅内容极为丰富,而且远远超越了他的时代,许多观点即使在今天看来仍未过时,特别是关于暴力与国家(政府)关系的思想,是托尔斯泰政治思想的中心,揭示了他对西方民主本质等问题的洞见性认识。在当今冲突遍布、动荡不安的国际社会中,选择重新认识并接受以"否定暴力"为中心的托尔斯泰主义表现了人们对种族、党派、教派仇恨和滥杀的厌憎以及对人与人之间相互理解和关爱的呼唤。

The Role of China's High-Tech Zones in Its Regional Economic Development

National high-tech industrial development zones represent a major strategy of the Chinese government in developing high-tech industries and spurring regional economic growth. The effect of this policy is yet to be proven. Based on the panel data of 283 Chinese cities between 1984 and 2012, this paper investigates the effect of high-tech zones on regional economic development. Empirical results suggest that first, national hightech zones have remarkably enhanced regional GDP and per capita GDP growth, and this conclusion still holds true after multiple rounds of robustness test; second, the economic effect of national high-tech zones is subject to diminishing marginal return and compared with higher-tier cities, lower-tier cities benefited more from the creation of national hightech zones. This paper concludes that national high-tech zones where special policies are experimented and offered not only drive economic development but, if properly distributed across regions, may help reduce regional economic disparities as well. The results of this study provide important implications for the future distribution of national high-tech zones and the creation of other relevant policies.

A Potential Flood Hazard Caused by Tianchi Volcano Eruption in Changbai Mountain, Northeast China

Geohazards appear to be increasing in frequency globally. It is of necessity to actively manage these natural hazards to minimize loss of life and property. From an early warning perspective, this paper stresses the potential fatal flood hazard represented by the huge volume of water in Tianchi Lake, the unique geography of Changbai Mountain, and the limited flood control ability in the upstream of the Songhua River. Northeast Asian countries should keep a watchful eye on the Changbai volcano cooperatively, and Chinese government especially needs to prepare plans for fighting a flood in advance.

The Rehabilitation of the Orphans in the Deep South of Thailand

The purposes of the research aim to： （1） investigate the rehabilitation of the orphans affected by the violence in the Deep South of Thailand; and （2） provide the guideline for the government and institutions to find ways to rehabilitate the orphans affected by the violence in the Deep South of Thailand. The number of the orphans is drastically increasing because of the violence crisis for a long time since 2004. The government has the policy to rehabilitate the orphans affected by the violence and takes the scholarships for relief their mind related injury Surveillance. The orphans trust the civil society more than the public government. Some opinions suggest the education, the activities, i.e., sports, music to empower the orphans, and the roles of the family and family members are the most important to take care and rehabilitate the orphans by using the religion for conducting ＂the social well-being＂.

The National Action Plan： An Approach to Prioritise Acts Related to the Conservation of Marine Turtles at Jordan＇s Gulf of Aqaba

The Jordan＇s NAP （national action plan） provides a set of priority actions for the conservation of marine turtles and their habitats in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. The main threats to the maintenance of stable turtle populations in Jordan range from opportunistic capture to global threats such fishing mortality and from pollution incidents. Jordan＇s NAP addresses the primary causes of turtle mortality with a series of proposed actions. It includes reducing threats from commercial fisheries, development operations, promoting turtle rescue and rehabilitation along with public awareness activities. It considered also a set of recommendations to reflect the importance of protecting marine turtles in Jordan＇s Gulf of Aqaba. It includes community participation in conservation, capacity of national agencies to carry out management activities and to enforce legislations. To each priority actions identified in NAP, expected results and performance indicators were defined. Hence, the designation of a level of urgency to each specific priority action allowed a phased approach for implementation, subject to budget and available national capacity. Currently, NAP is performing effectively through an integrated network of national working groups including government and non-governmental organisations and other stakeholders.

The Importance of the Generation of Emission Factors for Developing Countries： Case of Mexico

Developing countries as Mexico lack their own emission factors for thermoelectric power plants, so they have the need to develop them, considering specific operation conditions for each plant. This study develops specific emission factors in Mexico for： sulfur dioxide （SO2）, nitrogen oxides （NOx） and particles, for thermoelectric power plants that use fuel oil. This work was necessary due to the differences found between the measured and the calculated emissions, using emission factors of different agencies, such as, US-EPA （Environmental Protection Agency of the United States）, IPCC （Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change）, and UK-NAEI （National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory of the United Kingdom）. The new emission factors were used to calculate the emissions of a thermoelectric power plant in Mexico. The comparisons between the measured and the calculated emissions （with the new emission factors） for 502, particles and NO2 were not significantly different （p 〉 0.05）.

The state of the Mind in a Revolutionary state of the State

The article epitomises its foundations by providing definitional and explanative dichotomy among the State, Nation, and Nation State. It affords a depiction of the centrality of the mind, the interface of the body and mind in behavioural manifestations. It furthermore acknowledges that nothing occurs in a vacuum but in the context of the fullness of the mind. The visible manifestations of human behaviour are contended to be informed by the noiselessness invisible aspects of the mind. The same noiseless mind that informs the behavioural visibility that becomes somewhat active and busier in its conspicuousness. The dual existence of things and events in a revolutionary context that transcends to other behavioural undertones is discoursed. In the context application of the revolutionary mapping, the mind is presented as a culprit revolutionarist that wages revolutions without fear of external threats through arrests, danger, pain, terror, dread, apprehension, detentions, and any other similar means including death. The article settles that the mind is the determinant factor of human behaviours and it therefore defines the state of the State in any revolutionary circumstance. It denotes a functional separatism of the mind from the brain which is an organ of the body thereby equally accepting that the brain functionalises the mind. The equal essential role of the mind in post revolution construction to establish and promote an acceptable system of government that responds to socio-economic factors is detailed herein the manuscript. A deliberate attempt is made not to be suggestive and prescriptive on the shape and form of such a post revolution system of government.

Perception and Challenges for Sustainable Construction in Developing Countries： North Cyprus Case

Sustainable construction, together with sustainability, is a growing concern in developed countries in order to influence construction organizations to make ＂achieving sustainability＂ in their projects a stringent prior objective. North Cyprus is a rapidly developing country with an annual economic growth of 7%. Construction became the leading sector within the economy after the boom in demand for holiday and retirement houses especially from English and German holidaymakers. Due to lack of government policy on sustainability, developers usually use traditional ways of construction, and the lack of an established link with international construction, which would help local developers be aware of the latest technology and sustainable building techniques, is the main challenges for North Cyprus construction sector to develop sustainable construction practices.

The Potentials of Locally Available Fruits Rich in Iron to Mitigate Iron Deficiency Anemia in Least Developing Countries （LSD）

The objective of this study was to compare effects of natal plum fruits （Carissa grandiflora） on hemoglobin （HB） levels in comparison to ferrous sulfate tablets to 201 anemic children aging from 5 to 12 years in rural area in Somalia. The study was designed as randomized clinical intervention to explore the potentials of natal plum to combat against IDA （iron deficiency anemia）/anemia using mean HB gains as a parameter. The research was carried out in rural setting near Somalia capital where local NGOs （non governmental organizations） work in the absence of local/central authorities. Only HB levels of the subject children were measured as other confirmatory analyses were not available due to the civil wars at the time of the intervention. The baseline HB levels of both groups were similar. However, after the intervention the cumulative HB levels of the natal fruits group was higher than the control group of ferrous sulfate by at least 31% （P 〈 0.008, equal variances not assumed）. Dietary interventions to mitigate IDA/anemia using locally available foods rich in iron, vitamins C and A seem to promise in the developing countries where chronic inadequate resources seem to affect the public health nutrition especially vulnerable groups like growing children.

Informally Established Relations Between the Superior and the Subordinate： Turkey＇s Example

Turkish people display deep consideration for the concept of hierarchy. Historically, they had been always calculating and measuring the relative positions of authority symbols with respect to one another; because they had their own dealings with those who held political power. Should they render their young sons to the service of the feudal lords or the state？ Should they consent to the say of the local forces or that of the central state power, when it comes to fixing the amounts and/or the kinds of taxes？ Sometimes, the ordinary subjects of the Ottoman state were even openly torn apart in dilemmas whereby local powers were revolting against the central government of the Sultan placed at the capitol. Even the anoymous folk tales, which reflect people＇s opinions and mentalities in a manner very close to the truth, involve comparisons among the levels of power represented by certain officials/figures. When confronted with authority, the usual feeling contains a tint of respect, even though it is mainly a kind of resignition mixed with acceptance, leading to obedience in the end. A true, internalized respect itself is solely that which is directed toward the elderly people of the society. On the other hand, traditionally and conventionally, old age was closely associated with official or informal power and authority, anyhow. However, nowadays, in a very confusing manner, this former social understanding is undergoing rather fast changes with the advent of younger contemporary political figures.

Analysis on the Background of a Coalition Government Proposed by the Communist Party of China

It was under extremely complex background at home and abroad that the Communist Party of China proposed to form a coalition government. Domestically, the Kuomintang was faced with military defeat and political crisis while the strength of the Communist Party of China grew increasingly. Besides, the Constitutionalism Movement launched by democratic parties failed. Internationally, the proposal of a coalition government was inspired politically by some European countries and promoted by the US-Soviet policies towards China. It had a significant impact on domestic and international situation at that time and pointed out the direction of Chinese political model for Chinese people.

Research on financial support of the new energy industry

As it is known to all, the new energy industry plays an important in the economic transformation and structure adjustment of our country. The government attaches great importance to the development of the new energy industry. Particularly for the developing countries, to achieve rapid development require a lot of capital. However, there are some problems with finance in the development of the new energy industry. Based on the analysis, this paper puts forward some countermeasures.