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从国防预算转向国家安全预算——对美国“国家安全统一预算”的介评和测算
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作者 刘建伟 陈倩文 《财政科学》 CSSCI 2021年第9期149-160,共12页
长期以来,美国把国防安全等同于国家安全,在资源配置上强调国防预算但鲜提国家安全预算。冷战结束尤其是“9·11”事件之后,美国战略环境与安全挑战发生巨变,现行预算体制短板不断显现,涉及国家安全事务各部门之间开支失调问题引发... 长期以来,美国把国防安全等同于国家安全,在资源配置上强调国防预算但鲜提国家安全预算。冷战结束尤其是“9·11”事件之后,美国战略环境与安全挑战发生巨变,现行预算体制短板不断显现,涉及国家安全事务各部门之间开支失调问题引发争论。受此影响,美国开始探索实施“国家安全统一预算”。随着以沙利文为代表大力倡导国家安全预算的人士进入拜登政府并担任要职,美国“国家安全统一预算”再次受到高度关注。单一型国家安全预算、任务导向型预算、联合展示型预算是美国“国家安全统一预算”的三个版本,其着力点和具体内容存在区别,但均强调三项基本原则——大战略驱动、全政府模式、总量控制和部门间平衡。文章最后使用2019年美国预算数据,通过多种方法对美国国家安全预算总规模进行了测算,结果显示它高出美国国防预算约1893~2733.2亿美元。 展开更多
关键词 国防预算 国家安全 国家安全预算
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Human security and sexuality in the IPPF Africa Region
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作者 Patrick Orotin Cheick Ouedraogo Tewodros Melesse 《Chinese Business Review》 2010年第3期22-28,62,共8页
The influence of human security components on Sexual Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR) of individuals was explored in four sub-Saharan Africa countries of Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Liberia and Ug... The influence of human security components on Sexual Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR) of individuals was explored in four sub-Saharan Africa countries of Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Liberia and Uganda from November 2008 to April 2009. The present results suggest that the major threat to human security is the competing economic demands that make it difficult for the population to prioritize reproductive health services in their household budgets. This study concludes that there are potential benefits of human security approaches for furthering the goals of SRHR initiatives, in line with the principles and guidelines expressed in the Maputo Plan of Action and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The results of this study suggest that IPPF Africa Region can start to prioritize economic security, community security and health security which have greatest impact on the reproductive health of the sub-Saharan African population. The key lesson learnt is that the effective use of family planning services mitigates the effects of other human insecurities, including economic, food, and health insecurities as its application in the families will reduce family size and demand on available resources. 展开更多
关键词 human security reproductive health and rights millennium development goals Maputo plan of action sub-Saharan African population IPPF Africa Region
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