垂直专业化、技术变化与国家间收入差距--一个基于价值链的理论分析框架

国际贸易、国际分工和技术变化与收入差距的理论研究通常情况下是把技术作为一个中间变量,即国际贸易、国际分工通过影响技术作用于收入差距,对于在垂直分工日益盛行,各国生产联系日益紧密的新情况下,技术变化怎样通过国家间的生产联系影响收入差距则没有涉及。Costinot et al.(2013)建立了一个具有多个国家和多个生产阶段的模型,通过求解均衡条件下不同国家分工模式的变化,阐述了技术变化通过垂直专业化影响国家间收入差距的机制。该模型具有突出的优点和良好的扩展性,为国际垂直分工、技术变化与国家间的收入差距研究提供了一个新的框架。

不可低估的道德壁垒——国际农产品贸易中的动物福利问题

动物福利(animal welfare)是指为了使动物能够康乐而采取的一系列行为和给动物提供的相应的外部条件.

我国电子政务建设的战略思考

我国电子政务近年来有较大发展,但整体水平仍很低,与发达国家相比,在信息技术装备、网络化程度、信息资源开发利用、信息化应用、管理水平和人员素质方面存在较大差距,必须大力加快其发展步伐。按照我国信息化发展规划要求,应在两个五年计划内使中央和各省市政府部门基本实现信息化。

我国金融监管体系存在的问题及完善对策

金融监管体系,又称监督体系,近年来,金融法规的建设、金融监管机构的调整、监管队伍的部署、监管手段的开发,都表明我国的金融监管能力得到了很大提高,但从金融运行效果来看,我国金融监管的绩效仍是不尽人意,一些消极金融现象屡禁不止,时有泛滥和反复。只有正视我国金融监管存在的差距与问题,才能有的放矢,采取针对性的应对策略,逐步缩小与发达国家的差距,解决发展中存在的问题,进而实现有效监管之目标,维护国家金融的安全。使我国的金融监管体系必将日趋完善,使中国的金融业迈上法制的轨道。

Capitalization of Productive Factors and Income Distribution Problems - Unraveling the Cruxof China＇s Income

When observing China＇s income distribution problems .from an international perspective, we find that China＇s income inequality is not much different from developed countries after primary distribution. The real difference between China and developed countries is that income inequality in developed countries will reduce greatly after income redistribution while the income inequality remains the same for China. Therefore, one can conclude that income inequality in China derives from the ineffectiveness of redistribution. However, a large income gap is not the main reason for skewed income distribution in China. In fact, the problem lies in unfair distribution resulting from factor capitalization. A handful of people have taken proceeds from public assets at the expense of all the people, which has led to social poIarization. To remove unfair distribution, China should improve its means of redistribution to narrow its income gap in order to develop a fair and reasonable pattern of income distribution.

Technology Gaps, Resource Allocation and Economic Growth of Large Late-starting Countries

In the evolution of economic growth drivers, technology gaps are a key variable that determines the efficiency of resource allocation. Analysis of an optimal resource allocation path based on an extended endogenous growth model reveals that economic growth drivers evolve from productive investment to R＆D investment and a shift from imitation to innovation. Empirical analysis based on China＇s provincial-level panel data suggests that the effect of productive investment and R＆D investment, as well as innovation and imitation, on economic growth and technological progress varies greatly among regions of disparate technology levels. As a late-starting country, China should properly allocate resources between productive investment and R＆D investment, and between imitational investment and innovative investment while advancing the transformation of economic growth patterns on a differentiated basis in light of regional technology disparities.

Analysis of Western Countries' Anti-globalization

Anti-globalization trends are in play in the US and Western Europe where electorates are recalcitrant to allow immigrants into their societies, national sovereignty is sought in certain geographic areas, and the national mood seeks to suppress newly rising countries' trade and development. The continuation of economic downturn in Western countries is reinforced by their internal wealth gap and external competition. As capitalism's demand for profit is now being critiqued along with the emergent profit prospects to be delivered by pending technological progress, the temper of the times could temporarily slow down but not reverse globalization. Timely discussions about reform of international economic order and about an effective national development model should seek sustainable solutions for healthy, stable globalization and development of the world economy.

China＇s Household Consumption Decline Amidst Rising Income Inequality： A Theoretical and Empirical Study

This paper studies the relationship between the widening urban-rural income inequality and weak household consumption demand in China. The theoretic model shows that households with higher income have lower average and marginal propensity to consume （APC and MPC）, and that the larger the income gap is, the weaker household consumption demand becomes. This paper tests the theoretical model with the panel data of 28 Chinese provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions from 1978 to 2009. The results show that with an increase of RMBIO, O00 in income, household APC drops by 25.6 percent and MPC by 7.0 percent,＂ and that if the income gap widens by one unit, household consumption rate drops by 6. 5 percentage points. Simulation results reveal that the widening urban-rural income inequality caused an extra drop of 3.42 percentage points in household consumption rate from 2000 to 2008, which accounts for 30.8 percent of the total drop in household consumption rate during that period.

大国效应、交易成本和经济结构--国家贫富的一般均衡分析

人口规模和国土面积是大国两个最主要的自然特征,从这两个自然特征出发可推导出"大国效应"是否存在及其存在的条件。通常,土地面积与国家人均收入有正向关系,而人口规模与国家之间的收入差距呈倒U型关系。在土地面积和其它条件给定的情况下,若一国人口规模适度偏大,该国人均收入将会高于小国;但是,若该国人口规模超出一定限度,该大国会因拥挤而丧失其优势。进一步的研究表明,市场交易成本、经济结构差异和国家之间的开放程度都有可能显著地减弱和逆转大国效应。可见,大国效应的形成需要一定条件,国家规模与贫富差距并非简单的线性关系。

国家间贫富分化与中国的实践突破

随着20世纪中后期新自由主义主导下的全球化不断加速,国家间收入差距在不断扩大,对于这样的问题,西方主流经济学的解释能力相对匮乏。鉴于此,演化发展经济学者尝试用历史、演化的方法取代西方主流经济学的数学模型,强调知识、生产和创新,从欠发达国家角度出发,提出了自己的经济学观点。

The poverty dynamics in rural China during 2000–2014: A multi-scale analysis based on the poverty gap index

As the largest developing country in the world, China's rural areas face many poverty-related issues. It is imperative to assess poverty dynamics in a timely and effective manner in China's rural areas. Therefore, we used the poverty gap index to investigate the poverty dynamics in China's rural areas during 2000–2014 at the national, contiguous poor areas with particular difficulties and county scales. We found that China made significant achievements in poverty alleviation during 2000–2014. At the national scale, the number of impoverished counties decreased by 1428, a reduction of 97.28%. The rural population in impoverished counties decreased by 493.94 million people or 98.76%. Poverty alleviation was closely associated with economic development, especially with industrial development. Among all 15 socioeconomic indicators, the industrial added value had the highest correlation coefficient with the poverty gap index(r = –0.458, p<0.01). Meanwhile, the inequality of income distribution in the out-of-poverty counties has been aggravated. The urban-rural income gap among the out-of-poverty counties increased by 1.67-fold, and the coefficient of variation in rural per-capita income among the out-of-poverty counties also increased by 9.09%. Thus, we argued that special attention should be paid to reducing income inequality for sustainable development in China's rural areas.