在《国家最高科学技术奖获奖人丛书》首发式上的讲话

各位来宾,新闻界的朋友们: 昨天,党中央国务院召开了国家科学技术奖励大会,大会隆重热烈,盛况空前。我与大家的心情一样,十分激动,深受鼓舞。 1999年,国家科学技术奖励制度进行了重大改革,其中最瞩目的是国家最高科学技术奖的设立。从2000年起到2002年,经认真严格的评审,并报国务院批准,国家主席签署,吴文俊、袁隆平、黄昆、王选、金怡濂5位同志获得了这项崇高的荣誉,在全社会产生了积极的影响。为广泛深入地宣传国家最高科学技术奖获奖者的事迹,科技部决定组织编撰、并由上海科学技术出版社出版《国家最高科学技术奖获奖人丛书》。在各方的积极努力下,《丛书》中的四册《吴文俊之路》、《走近袁隆平》、《王选的世界》、《黄昆—声子物理第一人》今天正式出版发行。

日本科技立国战略研究及借鉴

日本在战后经逐步确立了用振兴科技作为立国强邦的国家战略,经历了从单纯的"吸收型"的科技发展战略到自主开发走上科技创新道路的一个过程,其科技政策的制定与实施随世界发展环境的变化而不断调整。

建立螺旋藻转基因体系初报

从钝顶螺旋藻单细胞克隆的制备、重组平台的 克隆、同源重组表达质粒的构建、质粒的电激转化和报告基因的表达等方面对螺旋藻转基因 表达系统进行了研究，初步建立起螺旋藻转基因体系。用次氯酸钠溶液处理获得无菌培养系 ；用钠、钙离子混合液处理，获得了可再生的螺旋藻单细胞。用含EDTA的培养基预培养和用 培养基洗涤可分别去除胞外核酸酶活性和抑制胞内核酸酶活性。以氯霉素乙酰转移酶基因替 换大肠杆菌表达质粒pBV220的抗性选择标记，同时插入系列同源重组片段和萤火虫荧光素酶 基因，构建了同源重组表达载体pBVCS01-04L。电激转化螺旋藻S6-4品系单 细胞，获得了具有稳定氯霉素抗性的培养系，并用SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳证实了报告基 因的表达。

钻井液设计专家系统规则库的检测算法

钻井液设计专家系统规则库的规模随着规则的更新与日俱增,对规则库的维护工作变得日益重要。针对规则库的从属、冗余、环路和冲突等问题提出一种检测算法。引入有向超图来表示规则库中的规则;用邻接矩阵表示该有向超图,并计算出它的可达矩阵和总可达矩阵;用总可达矩阵对规则库进行检测,找出规则库中存在的问题。实验表明,与已有的检测算法相比,该算法能够有效地检测出规则库中存在的问题,同时构建的邻接矩阵规模较小,在保证算法简洁的基础上提高了效率。

石鳖和拟帽贝消化酶解离海藻效果的研究

以藻类为食的石鳖和拟帽贝的消化腺中 含有酶解藻类的消化酶，从这两种海产贝类中提取混合酶能够成为对海藻细胞遗传学研究有 效的工具酶。通过对20种青岛海滨常见藻类酶解效果的比较发现：(1)该酶对各种藻类均有 一定的解离作用，尤其对红藻效果好，对绿藻次之；(2)解离时间相对较短，一般在1h左右 ，解离甘紫菜30min即可有50％的单细胞游离。贝类混合消化酶由于综合多种贝类的食性特 征，具有比单一动物消化酶更广泛的消化作用。

青岛沿海潮间带海水、沉积物和生物体内铜含量研究

1988年5月在青岛沿海潮间带采集了海水、沉积物、海 藻和一些常见的底栖动物样品，用原子吸收分光光度法测定Cu含量。结果表明：海水中Cu含 量低于一类海水标准，说明该海域海水Cu污染不明显；与国内外一些海域比较，沉积物Cu含 量较低；海藻中海头红、鸭毛藻和异管藻Cu含量较高，Cu含量较低的是石花菜、裙带菜和海 膜；底栖动物Cu含量排序为：贻贝>褶牡蛎>短滨螺。底栖动物对Cu的富集能力远大于海藻， 两者富集系数相差近10倍。

Analysis of Amylase and Superoxide Dismutase Isozymes During the Germination Process of Emmenopterys henryi Oliv Seeds

[ Objective] The study was to understand the changes of amylase（AMY） and superoxide dismutase（SOD） isozymes during the ger- mination process of Emmenopterys henryi Oliv seeds. [ Metbod] By employing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method, the expressions of AMY and SOD isozymes during seed germination process were analyzed. ~ Result] The main AMY bands remained strong during the whole peri- od and a new band A2 appeared in the middle and late period of seed germination. Some new SOD bands occurred at the early stage, then be- came weak or disappeared in the middle period, and band S6 became intense in the late peried. [ Conclusion.] The expression of AMY and SOD isozyme gene has temporal difference during germination of E. henryi Oliv seeds.

纺织日历

1月09日农历十一月十九日星期五6项纺织成果获2014年度国家科技奖1月9日,2014年度国家科学技术奖励大会在北京举行,大会共授奖318项成果、8位科技专家和1个外国组织。纺织行业共有6个项目获奖,其中,获国家科学技术进步一等奖一项,二等奖四项,国家技术发明二等奖一项。由山东康平纳集团有限公司、机械科学研究总院、鲁泰纺织股份有限公司联合完成的"筒子纱数字化自动染色成套技术与装备"获一等奖。这是继2009年后,时隔5年,纺织行业再次获得国家科学技术进步一等奖;也是2000年以来纺织行业第四次获得一等奖。

Transportation Development Transition in China

Scientific development is an invaluable asset to a country.Policies and development modes should be carried out based on scientific findings not only in industry,but also in transportation infrastructure construction.Building an integrated transportation system,which is in line with the national requirements of China and supports sustainable socio-economic development,is a key strategic issue related to building a moderately prosperous society and achieving realistic goals of a medium-level developed country.Based on a systematic review of the advances in China's transportation infrastructure over the last 60 years,this paper explores the main drivers of transportation development,including national policy,transportation structure,investment efficiency,and technological innovation.Analysis shows that China's comprehensive transportation infrastructure construction since 1949 can be divided into five stages initiated by these drivers,which correspond to four transition modes:policy transition,structural transition,efficiency transition,and technology transition.The transition path of China's transportation development shows that the dominant factors have changed,and the interval for each transition has shortened.With the implementation of the '12th Five-Year Plan',China's transportation infrastructure construction is showing some new characteristics and facing a new development transition.Finally,this paper analyzes the trends in transportation development in China and concludes that technological innovation will be the main driving force to increase the transportation supply and service area in the future.

Long-term Dynamics of Cultivated Land Resources and Their Driving Forces of Guyuan City in Upper Reaches of Jinghe River

The land use patterns in Guyuan City,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China,have changed greatly over the years,due to population growth and farming and stock raising development.This study,using 50-year statis-tical data of cultivated land and 14-year spatial data of land use pattern,analyzed the developmental stages,the char-acter,and the spatial variance of farmland in the city,and discussed the driving forces of cultivated land changes based on empirical and conceptual statistical models.First,the change of cultivated land area went through different stages of rapid increase,fluctuating change,decrease and rapid decrease from 1949 to 2004,additionally,social and economic policies in different stages had an important impact on farmland variance.Second,from 1986 to 2000,the quantity of cultivated land increased,but its quality decreased.Third,social and economic factors are determinant factors in culti-vated land transition.Five constructed paths explain cultivated land transition.Factors that have direct or indirect ef-fects on farmland include the economy(Xeco),the population(Xpop),agricultural output(Xagr),and scientific input(Xsci).The sequence of impact was Xeco>Xpop>Xsci>Xagr.Among all these impacts,Xeco was the major positive one,and Xpop was the major negative one.It is urgent to take measures or adopt a policy to stop the vicious cycle in eco-environment and agriculture production.Otherwise,negative patterns of farmland use will increase,and high-quality cultivated land will continue to decline.

THE EFFECT OF ELECTROACUPUNCTURE ON AUDITORY P300 POTENTIAL IN MONGOLISM CASES

In treating children with mongolism(Down’s syndrome)with electroacupuncture,thelatent period of P3 is shortened,which shows that the cerebral reaction to externalstimulus in classification,encoding and recognition is accelerated.Along with the elevatedP3 amplitude,the cerebrum is more capable of processing the external information,showing improvement of the mental state.

Financial crisis and sustainable development of Chinese manufacturing industry

Sub-prime lending crisis has become an international fi nancial crisis, which is evolving into an economic recession sweeping across the West. Financial crisis leads to the demand reduction in western countries, and as the largest manufacturing country, China must face overproduction. The role of China as "world factory" determines that fi nancial crisis will severely attack Chinese manufacturing industry. The unsustainable development of Chinese manufacturing industry is mainly reflected in the following aspects: heavy dependence on export, low-level manufacturing link, lack of modern service industry and high-tech industry, weak independent innovative ability, unsustainable exploration of heavy-pollution resources, and lack of international famous brands. How to transform crisis to opportunities is an urgent research topic. Under the circumstance of financial crisis, Chinese manufacturing industry has more external drives to change the current situation. Therefore, financial crisis becomes not only an opportunity for Chinese manufacturing industry to improve itself based on the existing accumulation but also a chance for China to transform from "world factory" into a powerful nation of manufacturing industry in the world.

Subalternity vs. Hegemony in the Development of Science in Cuba After the Revolution

Every developing country has to meet the challenge of overcoming a condition of subalterrnity. After the victory of the Revolution in 1959, Cuba tackled this challenge in a very original way, prioritizing the development of scientific and technical know-how and of an advanced scientific system. Moreover, it pursued this goal with an extremely open attitude, using characteristic Cuban resourcefulness while at the same time taking advantage of every possible support and collaboration. While the country was increasingly integrated into the Soviet system and the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance （COMECON）, and therefore benefited from a close collaboration with the Soviet Union and the Eastern European countries＇ higher education and scientific systems, nevertheless it constantly sought collaboration with scientists and institutions in other countries as well, in particular in the Western world. The most meaningful instance of this collaboration is the development since the 1980s of an advanced biotechnological and biomedical system, which was created independently by the Soviet Union. Quite remarkably, when the socialist system collapsed, though Cuba faced a critical situation, the strategic choice was made not to cut support to this scientific sector, but rather to reinforce it. At present Cuba produces and exports advanced and in some cases unique vaccines and drugs, and this sector ranks as third in the country＇s source of current hard currency.

Agricultural productivity growth and technology progress in developing country agriculture: case study in China

The goal of this investigation was to analyze the impact of some production variables (input) on agricultural pro- ductivity growth (output) in China from 1989～2002. We selected through random sampling Zhejiang Province for our disaggre- gate analysis with the use of Cobb-Douglas function. The estimation results showed that all key parameters are significant and are of the expected sign. Labor and that capital and land have positive impact on agricultural productivity growth.

Teachers＇ Concerns and Solutions Towards The Implementation of Digital Storytelling in Teaching English in ESL Classroom in Asian Countries

We are living in the era of Information Technology where students have a lot exposure to the state-of-the-art devices and softwares. The remarkable revolutions in interactivity and multimedia materials together with countless emerging technologies have also enabled the conception of digital storytelling. However, it has not been widely used in many developing countries such as Vietnam. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to conduct an investigation into the history of digital storytelling, the necessary facilities and how it is being used educationally in the classroom so that teachers in developing countries can widely apply digital storytelling in teaching. This paper also raises students＇ awareness towards using technology in their study, which will make an important breakthrough in teaching and learning English in Vietnam.

Determination of the Geographical Origin of Fruits by Using 26S rDNA Fingerprinting of Yeast Communities by PCR-DGGE： An Application to Shea Tree Fruits

International trade intensifies the process of globalization which has extended to the entire planet and extends to the entire planet. In view of the difficulties of installing these documentary systems in developing countries, in particularly the countries of sub-Saharan Africa, the new strategies of traceability emerge. Among the new tools of tracing the products of vegetable origin, a ＂biological code bar＂ based on the analysis of the DNA of micro-organisms present on the fruits is an interesting tool. A molecular technique employing 26S rDNA profiles generated by PCR-DGGE was used to detect the variation in yeast community structures of Shea tree fruits （Vitellaria paradoxa） from Senegal, Ghana and Mali. When the 26S rDNA profiles were analyzed by image analysis and multivariate analysis, distinct microbial communities were detected on Shea tree fruits. The band profiles of yeasts from different countries were specific for each location and could be used as a bar code to discriminate the origin of the fruits. This method is a new traceability tool which provides fruit products with an unique biological bar code and makes it possible to trace back the fruits to their original location.

The Role of China's High-Tech Zones in Its Regional Economic Development

National high-tech industrial development zones represent a major strategy of the Chinese government in developing high-tech industries and spurring regional economic growth. The effect of this policy is yet to be proven. Based on the panel data of 283 Chinese cities between 1984 and 2012, this paper investigates the effect of high-tech zones on regional economic development. Empirical results suggest that first, national hightech zones have remarkably enhanced regional GDP and per capita GDP growth, and this conclusion still holds true after multiple rounds of robustness test; second, the economic effect of national high-tech zones is subject to diminishing marginal return and compared with higher-tier cities, lower-tier cities benefited more from the creation of national hightech zones. This paper concludes that national high-tech zones where special policies are experimented and offered not only drive economic development but, if properly distributed across regions, may help reduce regional economic disparities as well. The results of this study provide important implications for the future distribution of national high-tech zones and the creation of other relevant policies.

Status and application of informatization on the construction management

Network information technology is the product of the combination of communication and computer technology. The computer network is to interconnect the world dispersed and independent computers in accordance with the network protocol. With the rapid development of information technology at home and abroad, the developed countries or parts of the developing countries are strengthening their national information infrastructure. Several of gold projects in information technology as the representative is gradually go deeper, forming an unprecedented development in the entire information network technology. With the globalization of the construction market and intensifying of the competition, construction management requires the higher information technology, which is relatively backward in China＇ s construction industry. So it has important practical significance to clearly recognize the entire network computing model and technology developments, and properly apply to the construction project management.

A Techno-Economic Paradigm Perspective on the ＇Third Industrial Revolution＇ and China＇s Strategies in Response

Built on artificial intelligence, digitalization, and information technologies, the ＂Third Industrial Revolution ＂＂ transforms large-scale assembly lines and flexible manufacturing system with fundamental modern manufacturing technologies and features personalized manufacturing, which is enabled by reconfigurable manufacturing system, and quick market response. It is a profound transformation of techno-economic paradigms, imbedded in the technology, management, and institutional systems. As this revolution deepens, it is likely that manufacturing and the manufacturing sector would acquire new definitions. In addition, the resource foundation and factor structure, which are central to the competitiveness of a nation and an enterprise, would perhaps be reconfigured, hence rewriting the landscape of global industrial competition. Under this scenario, the ＂smiling curve ＇＂ which used to portray the economic features of the value chain, may change into a ＂silence curve＂ or even ＂sadness curve ＂. The catching- up pathway of latecomer countries, as predicted by the traditional ＇flying geese model＂, is likely to be blocked, solidifying the division of＂core and periphery countries＂ which is unfavorable to developing countries. Industrial competition between countries would move from competition between enterprises and supply chains to competition in industrial ecosystems, matdng system adaptability and dynamics the key to long-term industrial competitiveness. As an effort to embrace the ＂Third Industrial Revolution＂ and meet the challenges brought by ＂multi-facets competition＂ with developed industrial nations in various links of value chain, in the future China should make appropriate adjustments in its strategies for economic transition and upgrading, global competition, technological innovation, industrial development and information technology.