国抽信息系统中抽样信息填报规范化研究

国家食品安全抽样检验信息系统简称“国抽信息系统”,是食品监管部门和检测机构的重要工作平台。在食品安全监督抽检中,规范、准确填报抽样信息是检验工作和核查处置工作的前提和基础,是重要的环节。笔者结合近年来在国抽信息系统数据抽查中累积的工作经验,对国抽信息系统中抽样信息填报的问题进行梳理和原因分析,旨在提高抽样信息填报的规范化。

从“国抽”结果探讨陶瓷砖质量管理与提升策略

产品质量监督抽查是国家质量监督行政部门对涉及人身、财产安全的产品,影响国计民生的重要工业产品及消费者、有关组织反映有质量问题的产品进行的有计划的抽样、检验,被称为“国抽”。陶瓷砖属于“国抽”产品。本文根据2018-2021年的“国抽”结果进行分析,探讨陶瓷砖质量管理与提升策略。

浅谈运用国抽系统在食品抽样环节中存在的问题和建议

2019年底国家食品安全抽检监测信息系统(以下简称"国抽系统")在各机构正式使用,目前食品安全抽样工作受到各级监管部门的重视,抽检是检测前的一道重要环节,影响后续的检测和政府监管判罚,是行政执法过程的重要组成部分。抽取样品的代表性、抽样程序的规范性、抽样方法的科学性都决定着检验结果的有效性、可靠性和公正性。本文对运用国抽系统在食品抽样环节中存在的问题进行讨论,并提出相关的建议以供参考。

2015年陕西省医疗器械检测中心国抽静脉留置针易氧化物方法验证分析

本文通过对静脉留置针易氧化物检测方法的验证结果,分析产品注册标准方法与国家标准方法之间的差异,提出改进的建议。

国家食品安全抽检监测信息系统在日常抽样工作中的运用

国家食品安全抽检监测信息系统简称“国抽系统”,它是数据填报系统与统计分析系统相结合的一种抽检监测系统。相比以往的“四五打印助手”软件,国抽系统是一种新型的完善系统,能够更好的用于日常抽样工作中。文章就国家食品安全抽检监测信息系统在日常抽样工作中的运用进行探讨,目的是提高抽样工作效率,也为其他各检测机构抽样人员提供参考建议。

新形势下食品抽样检验工作的变化及风险点浅析

国家食品安全抽样检验信息系统开始全面应用,本文就其对食品安全抽样检验带来的一系列影响,包括计划制定、抽样方式及报告形式的变化,以及新的风险点进行浅析。

Analysis on Construction and Operation of Pumped-Storage Stations in China

Through investigation and analysis on typical system of pumped-storage stations built in China, this paper approaches the investment andfinancing policies, electricity pricing policies and management modes for suchstations. In order to find out the actual operation situations, eight pumped-storage stations in five provinces (municipality) were investigated, and analysesand calculations were carried out on their investments, benefits, capabilities ofloan-repaying etc. During the investigation and study, the types and the installedcapacities of the stations were paid close attention to, so they were made morerepresentative to reflect the present situation of pumped-storage stations inrespect of construction and operation.

Role of Ekman Transport Versus Ekman Pumping in Driving Summer Upwelling in the South China Sea

Relative roles of Ekman transport and Ekman pumping in driving summer upwelling in the South China Sea （SCS） are examined using QuikSCAT scatterometer wind data. The major upwelling regions in the SCS are the coastal regions east and south- east of Vietnam （UESEV）, east and southeast of Hainan Island （UESEH）, and southeast of Guangdong province （USEG）. It is shown that the Ekman transport due to alongshore winds and Ekman pumping due to offshore wind stress curl play different roles in the three upwelling systems. In UESEV, Ekman pumping and Ekman transport are equally important in generating upwelling. The Ek- man transport increases linearly from 0.49 Sv in May to 1.23 Sv in August, while the Ekman pumping increases from 0.36 to 1.22 Sv during the same period. In UESEH, the mean estimates of Ekman transport and Ekman pumping are 0.14 and 0.07 Sv, respectively, indicating that 33% of the total wind-driven upwelling is due to Ekman pumping. In USEC~ the mean Ekman transport is 0.041 Sv with the peak occurring in July, while Ekman pumping is much smaller （0.003 on average）, indicating that the upwelling in this area is primarily driven by Ekman transport. In the summers of 2003 and 2007 following E1 Nifio-Southern Oscillation （ENSO） events, both Ekman transport and Ekman pumping decrease in UESEV due to the abnormally weak southwest monsoon. During the same events, however, Ekman transport is slightly enhanced and Ekman pumping is weakened in UESEH and USEG.

Difficultly Extractable Fixed Ammonium in Some Soilsof China

Ninety-three soil samples and 19 sedimentary rock samples collected from 21 provinces of China wereanalyzed for their contents of fixed ammonium and total N by Kjeldahl-HF method. Results showed thatamount of difficultly extractable fixed ammonium (the fixed ammonium that is not determinable by Kjeldahlprocedures commonly used for soils) in soils ranged from 0 to 202 mg kg--1. It was generally more than50 mg kg--1 in soils in Chanaii and Thrpan districts, Xinjiang, accounting for 3.2%~36.8% with an averageof 13.9% of the total N. For some Orthents derived from purple shale and purple sandstone in Sichuan andHunan provinces and Chao soils derived from secondary loess in Henan Province and Ningxia AutonomousRegion it was generally around 30 mg kg--1 , accounting for 4%~7% of the total soil N, and for most of therest of soils studied, with the exception of some subsoils, no or trace difficultly extractable fixed ammoniumcould be detected. It was suggested that the difficultly extractable fixed ammonium was originated fromParent rock, and for slightly weathered soils derived from parent materials rich in this form of N the Kjeldahlmethod might give underestimation of total soil N.

A dipole wind curl pattern induced by Taiwan Island and its effect on upper stratification in the northeastern South China Sea

Using hydrographic data sampled during four successive late summer-early autumn cruises in 2004-2007, vertical stratification along transects in the lee of Taiwan Island was analyzed to investigate upper ocean responses to orographically induced dipole wind stress curl (WSC). Results indicate that mixed-layer depth (MLD) and its relationship with thermocline depth varied under different local wind forcings. Average MLD along the transects from the 2004 to 2007 cruises were 18.5,30.7,39.2 and 24.5m, respectively. The MLD along the transects deepened remarkably and resulted in thermocline ventilation in 2005 and 2006, whereas ventilation did not occur in 2004 and 2007. Estimates indicate that frictional wind speed was the major factor in MLD variations. To a large degree, the combined effects of frictional wind speed and Ekman pumping are responsible for the spatial pattern of MLD during the cruises.

From Ink Play to Chinese Ink Abstract Painting

The first time when I received the pictures from Shen Yao,Director of the Art Publishing Department,I was participating in a bridge competition in Shanghai.Maybe because I was absentminded about it at that time,

Study on the Distribution of Migrant Workers＇ Employment Destinations A Case Study of Henan Province, China

The choice of employment destination is the basis of migrant workers＇ spatial flow, the study on the choice of employment destination is helpful to understand the spatial law of migrant workers＇ flow from a micro perspective. Through the case study on 11 sample villages generated by the random stratified sampling in Henan Province, authors of this paper find that the distribution of destinations is dispersed in a large area while concentrated in certain places. Most of the destinations are in counties and outside Henan Province. Migrant workers are mainly concentrated in the economically more developed eastern provinces. The central, though a big source of migrant workers, has not formed a core employment area for migrant workers. The main factors influencing migrant workers＇ choice of employment distances include age, family size, per capita arable land, the village＇s economic development level, the village terrain, transportation, its distance from the nearest city, and workers＇ relationship networks. From the perspective of employment destinations, on a provincial scale, the employment attraction coefficient based on the destination＇s level of economic development and the employment distance, efficiently explains farmers＇ choice of destinations, that is, destinations with a more developed economy and a shorter employment distance are the top choice for migrant workers.

Impact of International Financial Reporting Standards （IFRS） Adoption on Key Financial Ratios＂ The Case of the Czech Republic

This contribution analyzes the impact of new International Financial Reporting Standards （IFRS） reporting rules on financial ratios prepared in the Czech companies. Using a sample of 16 Czech firms, we attempt to measure the scope and size of the differences in the selected set of financial ratios as calculated with data reported according to the traditional Czech accounting standards （CAS） and under the IFRS provisions. Our study discovers that there are important differences resulting from the two reporting formats. Our research comes to a conclusion that translation of Czech statements to IFRS may cause changes in the values of financial indicators without relationship to the real change in the firms＇ value, performance, and stability. Even though the findings were not statistically significant, the indicative results of our measurements disclosed an important fact that the transition to IFRS could cause deterioration of key indicators and thereby could impact on the overall rating of companies. One needs to be cautious with generalization due to the small sample size.

Is the Chinese Renminbi Undervalued？ An Examination of the B-S Effect Using Diverse Datasets

In 2010, the debate over valuation of the Renminbi is again heating up and the Chinese currency has returned to appreciating against the dollar But is the Renminbi undervalued？ Drawing on the Balassa-Samuelson （B-S） effect on purchasing power parity, we conduct theoretical and empirical analyses of this issue. Theoretical analysis proves that a country＇s real exchange rate will appreciate with rising income, but the currencies of low-income countries tend to be undervalued. In order to avoid biased conclusions resulting from a single dataset or sampling method, we draw on three major publicly-available datasets to examine the B-S effect across 144 economies. Our results indicate that the degree of Renminbi misvaluation is highly dependent on the data source. Synthesizing analyses of diverse datasets, we estimate that the Renminbi was only undervalued by less than 8per cent in 2009. We conclude that China＇s external imbalance most probably results from deep-seated structural imbalances rather than Renminbi undervaluation.

Beauty of Western Abstract Painting and Chinese Cursive Calligraphy A Comparison

The Western Abstract Painting has a dynamic, constantly-changing, and non-entity beauty. It focuses on the visual process, artistic feelings, and beauty of form as its creative core. The Chinese Cursive Calligraphy （草书）, on the other hand, aims to create a vibrant beauty resulting from sweeping wrap-around and continuous changes. It also pays attention to the personality stretch, the lyrical and expressive, and the abstract beauty within images. In both arts, there is a rhythmic beauty running through the works, allowing the charm of lines to fully express the artist＇s creative thoughts and feelings, making them stand out impressively.

The control of coal mine gas and coordinated exploitation of coal bed methane in China

Based on the characteristics of the coalfield geology and the distribution of coalbed methane (CBM) in China,the geological conditions for exploiting the CBM and drainingthe coal mine gas were analyzed,as well as the characteristics of CBM production.Bycomparing the current situation of CBM exploitation in China with that in the United States,the current technology and characteristics of the CBM exploitation in China were summarizedand the major technical problems of coal mine gas control and CBM exploitationanalyzed.It was emphasized that the CBM exploitation in China should adopt the coalmine gas drainage method coordinated with coal mine exploitation as the main model.Itwas proposed that coal mine gas control should be coordinated with coal mine gas exploitation.The technical countermeasure should be integrating the exploitation of coal andCBM and draining gas before coal mining.

Microfinance Services and Economic Growth of Households in Lubumbashi in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Microfinance institutions play a great role for small businesses activities, deposits, and loans to improve households and constrained people who are not reached by formal financial institutions. This study aimed to investigate on the microfinance services and economic growth of households in Lubumbashi. The study applied descriptive and correlation design. Questionnaire was administered to 125 respondents and simple random sampling technique was used to select them. With the use of statistical techniques applied for data analysis, it was concluded that there is a significant relationship between microfinance services and economic growth of households. From the results, it was recommended that microfinance services should not only be considered as credit and lending activities, but also include insurance, savings, and transactional services for money transfer.

Green coal mining technique integrating mining-dressing-gas draining-backfilling-mining

Aiming to address the following major engineering issues faced by the Pingdingshan No. 12 mine:(1) difficulty in implementing auxiliary lifting because of its depth(i.e., beyond 1000 m);(2) highly gassy main coal seam with low permeability;(3) unstable overlying coal seam without suitable conditions for implementing conventional mining techniques for protective coal seam; and(4) predominant reliance on ‘‘under three" coal resources to ensure production output. This study proposes an integrated, closed-cycle mining-dressing-gas draining-backfilling-mining(MDGBM) technique. The proposed approach involves the mining of protective coal seam, underground dressing of coal and gangue(UDCG), pressure relief and gas drainage before extraction, and backfilling and mining of the protected coal seam. A system for draining gas and mining the protective seam in the rock stratum is designed and implemented based on the geological conditions. This system helps in realizing pressure relief and gas drainage from the protective seam before extraction. Accordingly, another system, which is connected to the existing production system, is established for the UDCG based on the dense medium-shallow trough process. The mixed mining workface is designed to accommodate both solid backfill and conventional fully mechanized coal mining, thereby facilitating coal mining, USCG, and backfilling. The results show that: The mixed mining workface length for the Ji15-31010 protected seam was 220 m with coal production capacity 1.2 million tons per year, while the backfill capacity of gangue was 0.5 million tons per year. The gas pressure decreased from 1.78 to 0.35 MPa, and the total amount of safely mined coal was 1.34 million tons. The process of simultaneously exploiting coal and draining gas was found to be safe, efficient, and green.This process also yielded significant economic benefits.

On the Conceptual Shift and Collocation Between Concreteness and Abstractness——Analysis of The Mill by a New Poet in China

This is a poem review which analyzes The Mill that was written by a new poet in China, looking at it from the conceptual perspective. The conceptual shift and collocation between concreteness and abstractness enable her poems to carry both linguistic power and emotional strength; the conceptual images created by her abstract thinking and unique perception make her poems achieve originality and readability; her conceptual self built by the use of first person pronouns is actually not that of a person but that of a personified mule who was indignant about its heavy workload yet unable to speak against its predestined destiny. Although suffering from brain paralysis, the poet is shown by this review to be a sensible manipulator of words, which reveal the unique beauty in her language and show the suppressed sadness in her heart.

Contemporary Chinese Calligraphy Between Tradition and Innovation

Since the mid-1980s Chinese calligraphy art has undergone a radical change and has opened itself to experimentation. A vivid debate on CCC （Contemporary Chinese Calligraphy） （Zhongguo xiandai shufa） is involving art critics in China nowadays. WANG Dongling and the modernists think that, despite many changes and influences, we can still refer to the traditional calligraphic lexicon to describe the calligraphic production of contemporary Chinese art. They still remain deeply rooted in the signified system of Chinese writing, even if they break with the strict rules of Chinese classical aesthetic （contamination of Western elements and focus on the stylistic exploration）. WANG Nanming and the Avant-garde think that ＂contemporary calligraphy is not calligraphy yet＂： It is ＂anti-calligraphy＂, annihilates Chinese tradition, rejects the use of legible characters, experiments with new languages and new media within the idiom of international contemporary art. The result is the creation of works of art that could be assimilated to Abstract art, Abstract expressionism, Conceptual art, Performance art, Contemporary dance, Multimedia art, and even Street art. This paper aims at showing how still valid and extremely productive are both these two theoretical and creative/practical approaches to Chinese calligraphy in China nowadays. They turned the art of calligraphy into a medium for global comprehension and communication.