Investigating the influence of international events on global maritime networks is a challenging task that must comprehensively incorporate geographical, political, and maritime sciences. Understanding global maritime...Investigating the influence of international events on global maritime networks is a challenging task that must comprehensively incorporate geographical, political, and maritime sciences. Understanding global maritime network dynamics is an initial and critical step in this investigation. This study proposes an automatic identification system(AIS)-based approach to understanding maritime network dynamics before and after international events. In this approach, a spatiotemporal modeling method is introduced to measure the similarity in shipping trends before and after international events. Then, a spatiotemporal analytic framework is proposed to understand the maritime network dynamics by grouping similar situation, and assessing possible indirect effects within a network. Finally, three case studies of international events, military conflict, lifted economic sanctions, and government elections, were used to investigate the observed network dynamics possibly affected by international events. The results indicate that container, tanker, and bulk shipping between India and its connected countries all declined more than 69% after military conflicts between India and Pakistan in August 2015. Tanker shipping between Iran and the United Arab Emirates increased 51% after economic sanctions on Iran were lifted. Container shipping between Sri Lanka and Singapore, Malaysia, and India increased more than 74% after the general election in Sri Lanka. These investigations demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach in assessing the possible effects of international events on maritime network dynamics.展开更多
The mutations of CARD15 gene and clinical features of Chinese patients with Blau syndrome were analyzed. We identified10 missense mutations, out of which five were new: R334 L, E383 D, R471 C, C495 R and D512 F. The r...The mutations of CARD15 gene and clinical features of Chinese patients with Blau syndrome were analyzed. We identified10 missense mutations, out of which five were new: R334 L, E383 D, R471 C, C495 R and D512 F. The rest of them, R334 W,R334Q, G481 D, M513 T and R587 C, have been reported previously. Among all the mutations, R334 W, R334 Q and C495 R had the highest frequency. Blau syndrome was found at early age after birth. It began with lepidic rash and symmetric polyarthritis and was phenotypically characterized by typical rash, arthritis, iridocyclitis and arteritis. Cardiac involvement was also found in Blau syndrome. In addition to nerve deafness, renal involvement, osteochondroma and central nervous system involvement were also found in our patients. Therefore, Chinese children with Blau syndrome have unique gene mutations and complicated clinical phenotypes. Pathologic examination and CARD15 mutation testing should be considered for diagnosis as early as possible for suspected patients.展开更多
基金Key Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.ZDRW-ZS-2016-6-3The National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2017YFB0503802+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.40971233,No.41771473LIESMARS Special Research Funding
文摘Investigating the influence of international events on global maritime networks is a challenging task that must comprehensively incorporate geographical, political, and maritime sciences. Understanding global maritime network dynamics is an initial and critical step in this investigation. This study proposes an automatic identification system(AIS)-based approach to understanding maritime network dynamics before and after international events. In this approach, a spatiotemporal modeling method is introduced to measure the similarity in shipping trends before and after international events. Then, a spatiotemporal analytic framework is proposed to understand the maritime network dynamics by grouping similar situation, and assessing possible indirect effects within a network. Finally, three case studies of international events, military conflict, lifted economic sanctions, and government elections, were used to investigate the observed network dynamics possibly affected by international events. The results indicate that container, tanker, and bulk shipping between India and its connected countries all declined more than 69% after military conflicts between India and Pakistan in August 2015. Tanker shipping between Iran and the United Arab Emirates increased 51% after economic sanctions on Iran were lifted. Container shipping between Sri Lanka and Singapore, Malaysia, and India increased more than 74% after the general election in Sri Lanka. These investigations demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach in assessing the possible effects of international events on maritime network dynamics.
基金supported by Special Fund for Clinical Medicine of Chinese Medical Association (12040690369)
文摘The mutations of CARD15 gene and clinical features of Chinese patients with Blau syndrome were analyzed. We identified10 missense mutations, out of which five were new: R334 L, E383 D, R471 C, C495 R and D512 F. The rest of them, R334 W,R334Q, G481 D, M513 T and R587 C, have been reported previously. Among all the mutations, R334 W, R334 Q and C495 R had the highest frequency. Blau syndrome was found at early age after birth. It began with lepidic rash and symmetric polyarthritis and was phenotypically characterized by typical rash, arthritis, iridocyclitis and arteritis. Cardiac involvement was also found in Blau syndrome. In addition to nerve deafness, renal involvement, osteochondroma and central nervous system involvement were also found in our patients. Therefore, Chinese children with Blau syndrome have unique gene mutations and complicated clinical phenotypes. Pathologic examination and CARD15 mutation testing should be considered for diagnosis as early as possible for suspected patients.
