本文回顾了韩国传统医学的国际化发展历史，重点阐述了韩国传统医学相关技术指标的制定及申报WHO及国际化标准组织（international organization for standardization，ISO）相关标准的发展现状，以及韩国传统医学与我国中医药学国际标...本文回顾了韩国传统医学的国际化发展历史，重点阐述了韩国传统医学相关技术指标的制定及申报WHO及国际化标准组织（international organization for standardization，ISO）相关标准的发展现状，以及韩国传统医学与我国中医药学国际标准化发展的竞争动态。作者认为我国应抓住时机，尽早将中医学“实质性内容”纳入到各种国际标准范围内，以促进中医药学的国际化。展开更多
A schematic to make the spectra of the exterior noise of high speed railway was put forward. The exterior noise spectrum was defined based on the characteristics of the high-speed train exterior noise. Its characteris...A schematic to make the spectra of the exterior noise of high speed railway was put forward. The exterior noise spectrum was defined based on the characteristics of the high-speed train exterior noise. Its characteristics considered here include identifying the exterior main sources and their locations, their frequency components including the Doppler effect due to the noise sources moving at high speed, the sound field intensity around the train in high-speed operation, the sound radiation path out of the train, and the pressure level and frequency components of the noise at the measuring points specified by the International Organization for Standardization(ISO). The characteristics of the high-speed train exterior noise of the high speed railways in operation were introduced. The advanced measuring systems and their principles for clearly indentifying the exterior noise sources were discussed in detail. Based on the concerned noise results measured at sites, a prediction model was developed to calculate the sound level and the characteristics of the exterior noise at any point where it is difficult to measure and to help to make the exterior noise spectrums. This model was also verified with the test results. The verification shows that there is a good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results.展开更多
The spatial and temporal variations of stable oxygen isotope in precipitation on different time scales are analyzed according to the data from the IAEA/WMO stations with long survey series in the Northern Hemisphere. ...The spatial and temporal variations of stable oxygen isotope in precipitation on different time scales are analyzed according to the data from the IAEA/WMO stations with long survey series in the Northern Hemisphere. Temperature effect is mainly distributed in mid-high latitudes on seasonal scale except for Bamako and Addisababa stations. The δ 18 O/temperature slope displays the positive correlation against altitude for most of the statistical stations. Amount effect appears primarily in the region south of 30 o N and coastal areas. The δ 18 O/precipitation slope is indirectly proportional to precipitation amount. For some of the sampling stations at mid-high latitudes where their seasonal distribution of precipitation is contrary to that of temperature, coupled with temperature effect, the amount effect appears synchronistically. Either the temperature effect or the amount effect on seasonal scale, there are positive correlations to a certain extent between the annual weighted mean δ 18 O and the annual mean temperature for almost all the stations. The correlation between composite δ 18 O and temperature on spatial scale is much more marked, compared with that of individual station. There is a good agreement between 10-year moving average temperature curves I and II, with the values of the former all markedly smaller than corresponding ones of the latter, calculated by the monthly mean series group I and the annual mean series group II, respectively. However, two calculated d δ 18 O/d T curves display the distinct difference: the variation amplitude of slope series II is larger than that of slope series I. Both curves had similar ascending trend from the 1960s to the 1970s, and then, their variations display the anti-phase. Moreover, the analyses show that there is negative correlation between slope series II and temperature series II. However, the status is different for slope series I and temperature series I. Both series have contrary trend from the 1960s to the 1970s, whereas the same trend since the 1980s.展开更多
The contamination diffusion to the operating room when the door is open was simulated with a computational fluid dynamic(CFD) method,to give the extent of the contamination diffusion.The influence of the door-opening ...The contamination diffusion to the operating room when the door is open was simulated with a computational fluid dynamic(CFD) method,to give the extent of the contamination diffusion.The influence of the door-opening procedure was ignored since the door of the operating room is normally a sliding one.The flow field in the case of the 16 s course of opening the door was simulated.The simulated and the experimental results demonstrate that the extent of the contamination diffusion is around 1.5 m when there is no temperature difference between indoor and outdoor,and there is hardly any contamination diffusion when the temperature difference is 1 ℃.It can be concluded that the positive pressure difference in the operating room lost its function in preventing the contamination when the door is open.That the temperature of corridor is lower than that of operating room contributes to contamination control.Keeping 1 ℃ temperature difference between corridor and operating room and increasing positive pressure and air flow are suggested.It is more secure to set up an anteroom if persons come in or out of the operation room at the course of surgery.展开更多
文摘本文回顾了韩国传统医学的国际化发展历史，重点阐述了韩国传统医学相关技术指标的制定及申报WHO及国际化标准组织（international organization for standardization，ISO）相关标准的发展现状，以及韩国传统医学与我国中医药学国际标准化发展的竞争动态。作者认为我国应抓住时机，尽早将中医学“实质性内容”纳入到各种国际标准范围内，以促进中医药学的国际化。
基金Project(2682013BR009)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds of the Central Universities,ChinaProject(2011AA11A103-2-2)the National High-Technology Research and Development Program of China
文摘A schematic to make the spectra of the exterior noise of high speed railway was put forward. The exterior noise spectrum was defined based on the characteristics of the high-speed train exterior noise. Its characteristics considered here include identifying the exterior main sources and their locations, their frequency components including the Doppler effect due to the noise sources moving at high speed, the sound field intensity around the train in high-speed operation, the sound radiation path out of the train, and the pressure level and frequency components of the noise at the measuring points specified by the International Organization for Standardization(ISO). The characteristics of the high-speed train exterior noise of the high speed railways in operation were introduced. The advanced measuring systems and their principles for clearly indentifying the exterior noise sources were discussed in detail. Based on the concerned noise results measured at sites, a prediction model was developed to calculate the sound level and the characteristics of the exterior noise at any point where it is difficult to measure and to help to make the exterior noise spectrums. This model was also verified with the test results. The verification shows that there is a good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results.
文摘The spatial and temporal variations of stable oxygen isotope in precipitation on different time scales are analyzed according to the data from the IAEA/WMO stations with long survey series in the Northern Hemisphere. Temperature effect is mainly distributed in mid-high latitudes on seasonal scale except for Bamako and Addisababa stations. The δ 18 O/temperature slope displays the positive correlation against altitude for most of the statistical stations. Amount effect appears primarily in the region south of 30 o N and coastal areas. The δ 18 O/precipitation slope is indirectly proportional to precipitation amount. For some of the sampling stations at mid-high latitudes where their seasonal distribution of precipitation is contrary to that of temperature, coupled with temperature effect, the amount effect appears synchronistically. Either the temperature effect or the amount effect on seasonal scale, there are positive correlations to a certain extent between the annual weighted mean δ 18 O and the annual mean temperature for almost all the stations. The correlation between composite δ 18 O and temperature on spatial scale is much more marked, compared with that of individual station. There is a good agreement between 10-year moving average temperature curves I and II, with the values of the former all markedly smaller than corresponding ones of the latter, calculated by the monthly mean series group I and the annual mean series group II, respectively. However, two calculated d δ 18 O/d T curves display the distinct difference: the variation amplitude of slope series II is larger than that of slope series I. Both curves had similar ascending trend from the 1960s to the 1970s, and then, their variations display the anti-phase. Moreover, the analyses show that there is negative correlation between slope series II and temperature series II. However, the status is different for slope series I and temperature series I. Both series have contrary trend from the 1960s to the 1970s, whereas the same trend since the 1980s.
文摘The contamination diffusion to the operating room when the door is open was simulated with a computational fluid dynamic(CFD) method,to give the extent of the contamination diffusion.The influence of the door-opening procedure was ignored since the door of the operating room is normally a sliding one.The flow field in the case of the 16 s course of opening the door was simulated.The simulated and the experimental results demonstrate that the extent of the contamination diffusion is around 1.5 m when there is no temperature difference between indoor and outdoor,and there is hardly any contamination diffusion when the temperature difference is 1 ℃.It can be concluded that the positive pressure difference in the operating room lost its function in preventing the contamination when the door is open.That the temperature of corridor is lower than that of operating room contributes to contamination control.Keeping 1 ℃ temperature difference between corridor and operating room and increasing positive pressure and air flow are suggested.It is more secure to set up an anteroom if persons come in or out of the operation room at the course of surgery.
