Creating companies abroad, in ex-socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe, has experienced a strong progression, following the amplification process of globalization of world markets, intensification of inter...Creating companies abroad, in ex-socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe, has experienced a strong progression, following the amplification process of globalization of world markets, intensification of international trade and technological development. We are witnessing a regional disparity regarding the volume of foreign investments in this area, which is due to the difference of attractiveness of host countries economy. The attractiveness of these economies is conditioned, in its turn, by the importance of economic factors and the quality of existing infrastructures, which is at their turn facing an increasing complexity of technology. Business relocation of foreign investors is influenced also by the institutional environment, because foreign investors hope to capitalize on the collateral effects offered by the investment environment in the host country, such as research laboratories and existing infrastructure, without neglecting the benefits of a highly qualified workforce at reduced costs, some geopolitical advantages, etc.. After EU accession, the attractiveness index of business environment in Romania has increased from (-59%) in 2005 to 66% (2008), and Romania was considered among the most attractive economies in Central and Eastern Europe, along with Russia where the attractiveness index increased from 63% (2007) to 72% (2008) and Ukraine which has seen an increase in the attractiveness index of the business environment from 56% (2007) to 67% (2008). This paper aims to highlight the positive effects induced by international business companies in assessing technological absorption capacity of the Romanian economy and to provide economic analysis of the "cause-effect" link between the attractiveness of the Romanian economy-governance--the intake of foreign investment straight to the active processing export of Romania under the impact of the overall effects of international financial crisis.展开更多
Globalization creates investment opportunities for enterprises worldwide. FDI is one of the traditional options to expand into international markets. According to Dunning's ownership, location, and internationalizati...Globalization creates investment opportunities for enterprises worldwide. FDI is one of the traditional options to expand into international markets. According to Dunning's ownership, location, and internationalization paradigm FDI location is driven by the search for markets, resources, efficiency, and strategic assets. Corruption can be considered as a significant factor of the attractiveness of a location and can affect also other OLI conditions. Most of the theoretical literature as well as case study and microeconomic evidence support the notion that corruption negatively impacts inward FDI flows and growth. However the macroeconomic evidence is not so unambiguous Some macro-studies do not detect any significant negative relationship between corruption and FDI. The aim of the paper is to analyze the relationship mechanism between corruption and FDI and to evaluate the impact of the host country corruption on inward FDI flows. The results of the empiric analysis presented in the paper provide evidence of the significant negative impact of host country corruption on inward FDI. One of the main benefits from the decrease of corruption level is quantitatively valued as an additional inward flow of the foreign capital in the economy. The econometric analysis is based on panel dataset that includes data for 178 economies during the period of 2004 to 2009. The Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index is used as a proxy for host country corruption level展开更多
In soccer, the bicycle kick has provided view- ers moments of breathtaking spectacle that seem virtuosic in scope. The novelty of such moments is underscored by the rarity with which players have performed this comple...In soccer, the bicycle kick has provided view- ers moments of breathtaking spectacle that seem virtuosic in scope. The novelty of such moments is underscored by the rarity with which players have performed this complex skill during national or international tournaments. The rarity of these occurrences is both a product of perceptions that it is a high-risk, low return skill and by the fact that there is a dearth of scientific research on the biomechanics of the technique. Two genera can be discerned based on starting position: 1) back-facing the goal, and 2) side-fac- ing the goal. The current study, using 3D motion capture technology and full-body biomechanical modeling, identi- fies elements that govern entrainment of the technique by examining jumping, kicking and falling phases of the skill execution. Motor sequencing during the first two phases can be characterized by analyzing the following pa- rameters: 1) angle between the player's thighs (humerus bones) upon take-off, 2) the whip-like control of the kicking leg, 3) timing between ball motion and joint co- ordination and, for the side-facing bicycle kick, 4) rotation of the player's trunk during the jumping phase. Dispersion of energy during falling after the kick is accomplished by sharing the load using a sequence of partial landings. Collectively, this information could help entrainment of the skill. Virtuosic in appearance, more frequent use of the kick can only enhance the excitement of the game.展开更多
文摘Creating companies abroad, in ex-socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe, has experienced a strong progression, following the amplification process of globalization of world markets, intensification of international trade and technological development. We are witnessing a regional disparity regarding the volume of foreign investments in this area, which is due to the difference of attractiveness of host countries economy. The attractiveness of these economies is conditioned, in its turn, by the importance of economic factors and the quality of existing infrastructures, which is at their turn facing an increasing complexity of technology. Business relocation of foreign investors is influenced also by the institutional environment, because foreign investors hope to capitalize on the collateral effects offered by the investment environment in the host country, such as research laboratories and existing infrastructure, without neglecting the benefits of a highly qualified workforce at reduced costs, some geopolitical advantages, etc.. After EU accession, the attractiveness index of business environment in Romania has increased from (-59%) in 2005 to 66% (2008), and Romania was considered among the most attractive economies in Central and Eastern Europe, along with Russia where the attractiveness index increased from 63% (2007) to 72% (2008) and Ukraine which has seen an increase in the attractiveness index of the business environment from 56% (2007) to 67% (2008). This paper aims to highlight the positive effects induced by international business companies in assessing technological absorption capacity of the Romanian economy and to provide economic analysis of the "cause-effect" link between the attractiveness of the Romanian economy-governance--the intake of foreign investment straight to the active processing export of Romania under the impact of the overall effects of international financial crisis.
文摘Globalization creates investment opportunities for enterprises worldwide. FDI is one of the traditional options to expand into international markets. According to Dunning's ownership, location, and internationalization paradigm FDI location is driven by the search for markets, resources, efficiency, and strategic assets. Corruption can be considered as a significant factor of the attractiveness of a location and can affect also other OLI conditions. Most of the theoretical literature as well as case study and microeconomic evidence support the notion that corruption negatively impacts inward FDI flows and growth. However the macroeconomic evidence is not so unambiguous Some macro-studies do not detect any significant negative relationship between corruption and FDI. The aim of the paper is to analyze the relationship mechanism between corruption and FDI and to evaluate the impact of the host country corruption on inward FDI flows. The results of the empiric analysis presented in the paper provide evidence of the significant negative impact of host country corruption on inward FDI. One of the main benefits from the decrease of corruption level is quantitatively valued as an additional inward flow of the foreign capital in the economy. The econometric analysis is based on panel dataset that includes data for 178 economies during the period of 2004 to 2009. The Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index is used as a proxy for host country corruption level
基金supported by National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
文摘In soccer, the bicycle kick has provided view- ers moments of breathtaking spectacle that seem virtuosic in scope. The novelty of such moments is underscored by the rarity with which players have performed this complex skill during national or international tournaments. The rarity of these occurrences is both a product of perceptions that it is a high-risk, low return skill and by the fact that there is a dearth of scientific research on the biomechanics of the technique. Two genera can be discerned based on starting position: 1) back-facing the goal, and 2) side-fac- ing the goal. The current study, using 3D motion capture technology and full-body biomechanical modeling, identi- fies elements that govern entrainment of the technique by examining jumping, kicking and falling phases of the skill execution. Motor sequencing during the first two phases can be characterized by analyzing the following pa- rameters: 1) angle between the player's thighs (humerus bones) upon take-off, 2) the whip-like control of the kicking leg, 3) timing between ball motion and joint co- ordination and, for the side-facing bicycle kick, 4) rotation of the player's trunk during the jumping phase. Dispersion of energy during falling after the kick is accomplished by sharing the load using a sequence of partial landings. Collectively, this information could help entrainment of the skill. Virtuosic in appearance, more frequent use of the kick can only enhance the excitement of the game.