Driven by ZTE and other telecom vendors and operators in order to meet the ever increasing bandwidth demand from fixed optical network users and mobile backhaul/fronthaul services, the latest next generation passive o...Driven by ZTE and other telecom vendors and operators in order to meet the ever increasing bandwidth demand from fixed optical network users and mobile backhaul/fronthaul services, the latest next generation passive optical network （NG- PON2） is being standardized by Full Service Access Network （FSAN） and International Telecommunication Union （ITU-T） which consists of two separated sub-systems, hybrid time- and wavelength-division multiplexing PON （TWDM-PON） and point-to-point wavelength- division multiplex （PtP WDM）. The TWDM-PON will be used for traditional residential, business and wireless backhaul services which are not sensitive to time delay and delay variation, whereas the PtP WDM is mainly used for emerging wireless fronthaul service which is very sensitive to the time delay and time delay variation. However, as a main international standards＇ contributor, ZTE thinks for those operators who offer multiple-level of services to both residential, business and mobile backhaul/fronthaul users, this obviously raises significant economic and power concerns by demanding to deploy two separated systems. Therefore, in this paper, for the first time, ZTE proposes a new converged optical and wireless integrated network architecture and topology by applying orthogonal frequency division multiplexing（OFDM） PON technology, which is able to simultaneously support residential, business and mobile backhaul/fronthaul services in terms of meeting the requirements of both time delay sensitive and non-sensitive services, and also address the economic and power concerns compared with conventional technologies. This architecture is further investigated and analyzed in depth on functional block, Quality-of-service （QoS）, synchronization and deployment considerations. Also ZTE reports in this paper the first 40Gbps OFDM- PON prototype in which eight wavelengths each with 5Gbps Ethernet data via 10G-PON encapsulation method （X-GEM） and 10G-PON transmission convergence （X-GTC） framing are demonstrated.展开更多
Choosing a strategy for sustainable development is national level aimed at the simultaneous fulfillment of economic, a fundamental problem that requires non-trivial approaches at the social and environmental goals. Th...Choosing a strategy for sustainable development is national level aimed at the simultaneous fulfillment of economic, a fundamental problem that requires non-trivial approaches at the social and environmental goals. This contradiction is possible to be adequately described in the complex game-theoretic models. But analysis of them is complicated by the problems of algorithmic solvability and the payoff functions construction. Also, the volume of data required creates considerable complexity increased by the conditions of situations uncertainty and conflict. At the same time, international organizations, such as UN （United Nations）, ITU （International Telecommunications Union）, are widely used index system. Indices, built on the aggregation of elementary indicators, allow the estimation of the components of the system and its overall development. The paper discusses the basic concepts of game-theoretic approach to the problems of finding strategies for sustainable development, using indicative analysis techniques. In the proposed approach, estimating of sustainability is considered as the result of finding the optimal values of the payoff functions in general game-theoretical model where the players are matched indices. The interests of the player are to increase of the corresponding index and the optimal situation is implemented as a set of optimal payoff functions values. This allows switching from processing of large amounts of data describing the behavior of the ecological-economic system by the aid of indicators to aggregate estimations, which significantly reduce the sample, and also facilitates the interpretation of the results.展开更多
The authors＇ developed combined system model can be considered under the concept of next generation optical network （NGON） as a model for the future design of backbone networks. Such solution can be topical in the ...The authors＇ developed combined system model can be considered under the concept of next generation optical network （NGON） as a model for the future design of backbone networks. Such solution can be topical in the result of different telecom operators＇ optical networks convergence. In this case a necessity to transmit differently modulated signals over a single optical fiber even with different bit rates may occur. This research is performed with OptSim 5.2 simulation software that numerically solves nonlinear SchrOdinger equation. The authors have revealed the optimal parameter configuration for developed combined transmission systems and obtained in system＇s channels detected signals bit-error-rate （BER） correlation diagrams. They represent BER as a function from different system＇s parameters such as channel output power level, optical amplifier fixed output power level and system＇s channels allotment in C-band of ITU-T （Telecommunication Standardization Sector of the International Telecommunications Union） recommended spectral grid. As well as these obtained BER values were compared with the results for similar system, where instead of standard single mode fiber （according ITU-T Rec. G.652 D） optical signals are transmitted over non-zero dispersion shifted fiber （ITU-T Rec. G. 655）.展开更多
基金financially supported by National Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, No. 2011AA01A106)
文摘Driven by ZTE and other telecom vendors and operators in order to meet the ever increasing bandwidth demand from fixed optical network users and mobile backhaul/fronthaul services, the latest next generation passive optical network （NG- PON2） is being standardized by Full Service Access Network （FSAN） and International Telecommunication Union （ITU-T） which consists of two separated sub-systems, hybrid time- and wavelength-division multiplexing PON （TWDM-PON） and point-to-point wavelength- division multiplex （PtP WDM）. The TWDM-PON will be used for traditional residential, business and wireless backhaul services which are not sensitive to time delay and delay variation, whereas the PtP WDM is mainly used for emerging wireless fronthaul service which is very sensitive to the time delay and time delay variation. However, as a main international standards＇ contributor, ZTE thinks for those operators who offer multiple-level of services to both residential, business and mobile backhaul/fronthaul users, this obviously raises significant economic and power concerns by demanding to deploy two separated systems. Therefore, in this paper, for the first time, ZTE proposes a new converged optical and wireless integrated network architecture and topology by applying orthogonal frequency division multiplexing（OFDM） PON technology, which is able to simultaneously support residential, business and mobile backhaul/fronthaul services in terms of meeting the requirements of both time delay sensitive and non-sensitive services, and also address the economic and power concerns compared with conventional technologies. This architecture is further investigated and analyzed in depth on functional block, Quality-of-service （QoS）, synchronization and deployment considerations. Also ZTE reports in this paper the first 40Gbps OFDM- PON prototype in which eight wavelengths each with 5Gbps Ethernet data via 10G-PON encapsulation method （X-GEM） and 10G-PON transmission convergence （X-GTC） framing are demonstrated.
文摘Choosing a strategy for sustainable development is national level aimed at the simultaneous fulfillment of economic, a fundamental problem that requires non-trivial approaches at the social and environmental goals. This contradiction is possible to be adequately described in the complex game-theoretic models. But analysis of them is complicated by the problems of algorithmic solvability and the payoff functions construction. Also, the volume of data required creates considerable complexity increased by the conditions of situations uncertainty and conflict. At the same time, international organizations, such as UN （United Nations）, ITU （International Telecommunications Union）, are widely used index system. Indices, built on the aggregation of elementary indicators, allow the estimation of the components of the system and its overall development. The paper discusses the basic concepts of game-theoretic approach to the problems of finding strategies for sustainable development, using indicative analysis techniques. In the proposed approach, estimating of sustainability is considered as the result of finding the optimal values of the payoff functions in general game-theoretical model where the players are matched indices. The interests of the player are to increase of the corresponding index and the optimal situation is implemented as a set of optimal payoff functions values. This allows switching from processing of large amounts of data describing the behavior of the ecological-economic system by the aid of indicators to aggregate estimations, which significantly reduce the sample, and also facilitates the interpretation of the results.
文摘The authors＇ developed combined system model can be considered under the concept of next generation optical network （NGON） as a model for the future design of backbone networks. Such solution can be topical in the result of different telecom operators＇ optical networks convergence. In this case a necessity to transmit differently modulated signals over a single optical fiber even with different bit rates may occur. This research is performed with OptSim 5.2 simulation software that numerically solves nonlinear SchrOdinger equation. The authors have revealed the optimal parameter configuration for developed combined transmission systems and obtained in system＇s channels detected signals bit-error-rate （BER） correlation diagrams. They represent BER as a function from different system＇s parameters such as channel output power level, optical amplifier fixed output power level and system＇s channels allotment in C-band of ITU-T （Telecommunication Standardization Sector of the International Telecommunications Union） recommended spectral grid. As well as these obtained BER values were compared with the results for similar system, where instead of standard single mode fiber （according ITU-T Rec. G.652 D） optical signals are transmitted over non-zero dispersion shifted fiber （ITU-T Rec. G. 655）.
