两类可再生能源促进政策的消费者负担比较——国际竞争利益的视角

在可再生能源技术上领先一步关系到一国未来能源产业甚至整体经济竞争力等战略利益,本文试图对现有可再生能源政策推进这个战略利益的能力提供一个评估。我们认为政策的消费者负担是这种能力的一个关键指示,而现有政策可分为"环境类政策"和"专门可再生政策"。我们表明,在对可再生能源提供同等支持时,环境类政策导致的额外消费者负担大大高于专门可再生政策,当前在我国前者是后者的1120倍。这说明,为了获取国际竞争方面的战略利益,必须主要依赖专门可再生政策来推动可再生能源技术走向商业化,而不能依赖环境类政策。

Kuhnian Understanding of Incommensurability and Implications of Paradigmatic Conception of Knowledge in International Relations

In international relations theory （maybe more than in any other discipline of social sciences）, the paradigmatic construction of Thomas Kuhn and his model of incommensurability might be applied to the theoretical interpretation of phenomena; and it is one of the cornerstones of the methodological toolkit for the interpretation in this field. The paper explores the reason why Kuhn＇s understanding of incommensurability seems to be necessary for the conception of knowledge in international relations： the concept of incommensurability can be considered typical as it is meant to indicate a conflict, of one form or another, between theories. And the discipline of international relations is more than a perfect ground for considering this concept when one is having in mind the high degree of polarized debate among rivalry theoretical schools （for interpreting and describing the identical phenomena） that is present from the very beginning of the discipline. Recalling the Kuhnian conception of science in paradigmatic view with an aim for understanding--international relations theory, the paper analyzes furthermore his rejection of the traditional dichotomy between “objectivisn”and ＂subjectivism.＂

中药知识产权国际化保护问题解决方法论初探

新技术竞争时代,中国的国际化进程离不开传统优势产业知识产权的最佳保护。方法论是提供最终解决方案的前提,所以在强弱保护的利益博弈及国际公约的履行谈判过程中,如何探寻一种被国内外理论和实践印证科学的法学方法论,凸显紧迫和重大。研究发现,实效主义法学及其博弈均衡分析工具试图基于经济学原理立足法理学的视角,从实效结果推测解决方案,它为中药国际化问题的解决应以国家利益最大化为核心提供了一定的逻辑依据。同时,中药国际化问题基本适合实效方法论的重要工具博弈均衡理论应用的条件。由此,我们认识到博弈兴邦理论不失为解决中药国际化问题理性利己的科学选择。