国际航空事故人身损害赔偿问题研究

随着航空安全技术的进步,航空运输安全技术不断增多,但如果飞机失事的话,且社会影响远高于其他运输方式,则飞机失事往往会导致灾难性后果,因此,对航空事故的人身伤害赔偿问题也受到了广泛的关注.作为国际航空运输领域统一实体法的华沙体系和《蒙特利尔公约》,在协调旅客和承运人的关系,解决两者之间的利益冲突方面发挥着重要作用.本文结合与航空事故赔偿有关的概念和原则,分析了我国飞机失事国际实物赔偿制度的法律问题,针对我国相关体系中可能存在的问题展开研究,并借鉴实际经验,进而提出相应的建议,以促进我国国际航空运输业的健康发展.

论国际航空事故人身损害赔偿的法律适用——以韩亚航空事故为例

国际航空事故的人身损害赔偿历来具有国际法与国内法两种法律渊源,1999年《蒙特利尔公约》在创设"双梯度责任"制度的同时,也为两种渊源的适用范围划定了界限。但对于《蒙特利尔公约》没有规范的事项,不能将国内法与一国的民事实体法直接等同,而应当首先适用该国国际私法的规定。鉴于国际航空事故的复杂性,以韩亚航空事故为典型的国际空难索赔不论在何国提出诉讼,均存在适用外国法的可能性。而在国际民事责任竞合的场合下,更需要先验性考虑诉由选择对于法律适用的影响。

Shooting Down Civil Aircraft in the Light of Sovereignty in the Airspace

If one aims at choosing a fundamental rule of international aviation law, doubtlessly the one selected would be principle of air sovereignty. And although having been respected by international community for decades, its strict observance may paradoxically pose danger for civil aviation-a mean of transport universally concerned to be the safest in the world, Of course, States make best efforts to secure civil airplanes from attacks-beginning with prohibition of use of force arising from Charter of the United Nations finishing with provisions of Montreal Convention. Nevertheless, history of aviation has given multiple cases of shooting down aircraft, many due to conviction by States that their airspace was infringed. This paper aims at presenting an overview of principle of air sovereignty and analysis of selected aviation incidents and accidents caused by shooting down from the perspective of international law.