图小波变换在图像分割中的应用研究

在图像处理领域中,图像分割占有举足轻重的地位。传统的基于小波变换的图像分割算法,仅在规则域内能够有效地检测出图像的边缘信息。为了在不规则域内能够有效地检测出图像的边缘信息,提出一种基于图小波变换的图像分割算法。首先,将图像转换成图,在图域进行研究;然后,利用图小波变换进行图像分割。实验结果表明,与传统边缘算法相比,该算法用于图像分割,不仅能够有效地检测出图像边缘信息,而且对噪声具有较好的鲁棒性。

基于时间-顶点谱图小波变换的动态纹理分类方法

动态纹理在空间和时间上表现出“外观”和“运动”属性,为了有效结合这两种属性进行动态纹理分析,本文提出一种基于时间—顶点谱图小波变换与边缘分布协方差模型的动态纹理分类方法。该方法将动态纹理看成时间—顶点图信号,利用时间—顶点谱图Meyer小波变换对动态纹理进行多尺度分解,再对每个子带应用边缘分布协方差模型,由此得到带内相关性的特征协方差矩阵作为动态纹理特征进行分类。由于时间—顶点图信号的表示可以有效描述动态纹理像素间的空间关系及其沿时间的变化,同时谱图小波变换继承了图表示和小波变换的优势,因此利用时间—顶点谱图小波分解与边缘分布协方差模型,可得到有效的动态纹理特征。在标准动态纹理数据集上的分类实验结果表明,本文方法具有良好的分类性能。

基于谱图小波的神经精神疾病患者脑功能网络多尺度分析

基于图信号处理,针对神经精神病患者的脑功能网络展开研究,采用谱图小波变换对脑功能网络进行多尺度分析,根据实验数据构建图拉普拉斯矩阵,从中选取最大特征值对谱图小波变换滤波器进行设计。之后结合血氧水平依赖对比度信号计算出受试者各脑区的谱图小波系数,对其进行多尺度组间差异分析,发现脑功能网络在不同频段下的能量分布存有异常,并对对应的异常脑区予以明确。所采用的谱图小波变换是目前针对不规则数据域中信号展开多尺度分析的最有效方法之一,对其他疾病患者脑功能网络多尺度分析研究具有重要的现实意义。

基于谱图小波阈值的机床主轴振动数字信号降噪研究

通过数控机床运行过程中数据特征采集获得的实际信号存在噪声成分,无法根据信号特征判断机床实际运行状况。为了提高对特征参数提取对信号实施降噪能力,根据谱图小波转换理论与实际应用过程,构建了一种对一维数字信号分析的谱图小波阈值降噪(spectral wavelet threshold denoising,SWTD)算法,再通过仿真信号与机床主轴振动信号降噪方式验证了谱图小波阈值降噪可靠性。研究结果表明:机床主轴振动信号包含的有用频率基本都处于400 Hz范围内的低频区。完成降噪后,SWTD降噪信号形成了稳定幅值,已经接近初始信号,包络谱内超过400 Hz的高频段已被消除,形成了由主轴自转频率与滚切频率构成的主体成分,观察到明显主轴自转频率特征,表明该方法相对小波阈值降噪结果具备更优性能。

基于谱图小波自适应阈值降噪的滚动轴承早期故障诊断

针对滚动轴承早期故障信息微弱,被强大噪声干扰的问题,基于谱图理论在图谱域构建小波系数以分析图信号中包含信息的思想,提出一种谱图小波自适应阈值降噪(Spectral Graph Wavelet-adaptive Threshold Denoising,SGW-ATD)的滚动轴承早期故障诊断方法。首先,将一维振动信号转换为路图信号,引入谱图小波变换将路图信号分解。其次,保留低频尺度系数,构建自适应阈值对高频系数进行阈值处理,通过谱图小波逆变换得到降噪信号。最后,为进一步抑制噪声,求取降噪信号的自相关函数,通过对自相关函数进行包络谱分析实现故障特征提取。将所提方法与其他几种经典降噪方法进行对比;结果表明,所提方法得到的降噪信号信噪比更高,可以更有效地实现滚动轴承早期微弱故障诊断。

基于信噪比门限判断和小波变换的SAR干涉图滤波法

该文首先研究了一种基于离散小波变换(DWT)的干涉图滤波算法,对该算法的噪声模型和处理流程进行了详细的分析,并在其基础上做了基于静态小波变换(SWT)的改进。接着利用实测数据对这两种方法做了实验,通过对实验结果的分析,提出了一种高噪声环境下,在保证残点数降低率的同时,还能提高干涉条纹质量的滤波方法。在此滤波方法的基础上,进一步提出了基于信噪比门限判断的干涉图两级处理滤波法,并对其处理流程做了详细的讨论。利用实测数据对该方法进行了仿真,实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。

基于SGWT和多显著性的红外与可见光图像融合

由于谱图小波变换(Spectral Graph Wavelet Transform, SGWT)可充分利用图像在图域中的光谱特性,本文结合其对不规则小区域表达的优势,提出了一种基于多显著性的红外与可见光融合算法。首先应用SGWT将源图像分解成一个低频子带和若干个高频子带;对于低频系数,将多个互补的低层特征结合起来,提出了一种适合人眼视觉特征的多显著性融合规则,对于高频系数,充分考虑邻域像素的相关性,提出了一种区域绝对值取大规则;最后,应用了一种加权最小二乘优化(weighted least squares,WLS)方法对谱图小波重构的融合图像进行优化,在突出显著目标的同时尽可能多地保留可见光的背景细节。实验结果表明,与DWT(Discrete Wavelet Transform)、NSCT(Non-down Sampled Contourlet Transform)等7种相关算法相比,在突出红外目标的同时还能保留更多的可见光背景细节,具有较好的视觉效果;同时在方差、熵、Qabf和互信息量4个客观评价上也均占据优势。

融合外部属性的短时交通流预测研究

针对现有交通流量预测算法大多仅考虑常态下的预测,而未考虑天气属性、周围地理属性对预测结果的影响,提出一种融合外部属性的组合预测模型(A-STIGCN)。首先,将外部属性作为路网中路段的属性,同时对路段的属性和交通特征进行建模,得到增强的特征向量。其次,采用图小波变换和自适应矩阵分别提取交通流局部和全局空间特征信息,并借助门控循环单元(GRU)对时间信息的长时记忆能力以提取其时间特性。最后,通过注意力机制来捕获时空动态变化性进行交通流预测。采用深圳出租车轨迹数据、对应天气数据以及POI数据进行预测,研究结果表明:A-STIGCN组合模型预测效果优于传统线性模型及变体模型,与未引入注意力机制的ASTGCN模型相比,MAE降低了约0.131,精度提高了0.068,与未引入外部因素的TGCN模型对比分析,MAPE降低了约0.637%,精度提高了0.079,从而更好地为交通管理提供指导意见。

谱图小波阈值降噪及其在滚刀主轴振动信号分析中的应用

通过分析谱图小波变换在平面图像、三维实体分析中的应用,提出一种用于一维数字信号分析的谱图小波阈值降噪方法。该方法将一维数字信号定义到路图上,利用谱图小波变换将其分解成尺度系数和谱图小波系数,对谱图小波系数进行阈值过滤处理,再进行谱图小波逆变换得到降噪信号。首先,利用四种典型仿真信号进行降噪试验,并分析不同分解层数对降噪性能的影响;接着,将其与经典小波阈值降噪方法进行仿真对比;最后,采用该方法进行滚刀主轴振动信号降噪,并与经典小波阈值降噪方法对比。仿真及试验结果表明,该方法实现了一维数字信号的快速非迭代降噪,且降噪信号平滑度高、畸变小,优于经典小波阈值降噪方法。

The Segmentation of FMI Image Based on 2-D Dyadic Wavelet Transform

A key aspect in extracting quantitative information from FMI logs is to segment the FMI image to get images of pores, vugs and fractures. A segmentation method based on the dyadic wavelet transform in 2-D is introduced in this paper. The first step is to find all the edge pixels of the FMI image using the 2-D wavelet transform. The second step is to calculate a segmentation threshold based on the average value of the edge pixels. Field data processing examples show that sub-images of vugs and fractures can be correctly separated from original FMI data continuously and automatically along the depth axis. The image segmentation lays the foundation for in-situ parameter calculation.

Efficient Quadtree based Fractal Image Coding Scheme in Wavelet Transform Domain *

This paper presents an efficient quadtree based fractal image coding scheme in wavelet transform domain based on the wavelet based theory of fractal image compression introduced by Davis. In the scheme, zerotrees of wavelet coefficients are used to reduce the number of domain blocks, which leads to lower bit cost required to represent the location information of fractal coding, and overall entropy constrained optimization is performed for the decision trees as well as for the sets of scalar quantizers and self quantizers of wavelet subtrees. Experiment results show that at the low bit rates, the proposed scheme gives about 1 dB improvement in PSNR over the reported results.

Application of Image Fusion Methods to Cell Imaging Processing

Aim To fuse the fluorescence image and transmission image of a cell into a single image containing more information than any of the individual image. Methods Image fusion technology was applied to biological cell imaging processing. It could match the images and improve the confidence and spatial resolution of the images. Using two algorithms, double thresholds algorithm and denoising algorithm based on wavelet transform,the fluorescence image and transmission image of a Cell were merged into a composite image. Results and Conclusion The position of fluorescence and the structure of cell can be displyed in the composite image. The signal-to-noise ratio of the exultant image is improved to a large extent. The algorithms are not only useful to investigate the fluorescence and transmission images, but also suitable to observing two or more fluoascent label proes in a single cell.

VLSI Implementation of a Wavelet Image Coder

A modular architecture for two dimension (2 D) discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is designed.The image data can be wavelet transformed in real time,and the structure can be easily scaled up to higher levels of DWT.A fast zerotree image coding (FZIC) algorithm is proposed by using a simple sequential scan order and two flag maps.The VLSI structure for FZIC is then presented.By combining 2 D DWT and FZIC,a wavelet image coder is finally designed.The coder is programmed,simulated,synthesized,and successfully verified by ALTERA CPLD.

Fluorescence molecular imaging system and fusion algorithm based on 2CCD camera

Infrared and visible light images can be obtained simultaneously by building fluorescence imaging system,which includes fluorescence excitation,images acquisition,mechanical part,image transmission and processing section.This system studied the 2charge-coupled device(CCD)camera(AD-080CL)of the JAI company.Fusion algorithm of visible light and near infrared images was designed for the fluorescence imaging system with wavelet transform image fusion algorithm.In order to enhance the fluorescent moiety of the fusion image,the luminance value of the green component of the color image was changed.And using microsoft foundation classes(MFC)application architecture,the supporting software system was bulit in VS2010 environment.

Coupling denoising algorithm based on discrete wavelet transform and modified median filter for medical image

In order to overcome the phenomenon of image blur and edge loss in the process of collecting and transmitting medical image,a denoising method of medical image based on discrete wavelet transform(DWT)and modified median filter for medical image coupling denoising is proposed.The method is composed of four modules:image acquisition,image storage,image processing and image reconstruction.Image acquisition gets the medical image that contains Gaussian noise and impulse noise.Image storage includes the preservation of data and parameters of the original image and processed image.In the third module,the medical image is decomposed as four sub bands(LL,HL,LH,HH)by wavelet decomposition,where LL is low frequency,LH,HL,HH are respective for horizontal,vertical and in the diagonal line high frequency component.Using improved wavelet threshold to process high frequency coefficients and retain low frequency coefficients,the modified median filtering is performed on three high frequency sub bands after wavelet threshold processing.The last module is image reconstruction,which means getting the image after denoising by wavelet reconstruction.The advantage of this method is combining the advantages of median filter and wavelet to make the denoising effect better,not a simple combination of the two previous methods.With DWT and improved median filter coefficients coupling denoising,it is highly practical for high-precision medical images containing complex noises.The experimental results of proposed algorithm are compared with the results of median filter,wavelet transform,contourlet and DT-CWT,etc.According to visual evaluation index PSNR and SNR and Canny edge detection,in low noise images,PSNR and SNR increase by 10%–15%;in high noise images,PSNR and SNR increase by 2%–6%.The experimental results of the proposed algorithm achieved better acceptable results compared with other methods,which provides an important method for the diagnosis of medical condition.

MULTI-SPECTRAL AND HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGE FUSION USING 3-D WAVELET TRANSFORM

Image fusion is performed between one band of multi-spectral image and two bands of hyperspectral image to produce fused image with the same spatial resolution as source multi-spectral image and the same spectral resolution as source hyperspeetral image. According to the characteristics and 3-Dimensional （3-D） feature analysis of multi-spectral and hyperspectral image data volume, the new fusion approach using 3-D wavelet based method is proposed. This approach is composed of four major procedures： Spatial and spectral resampling, 3-D wavelet transform, wavelet coefficient integration and 3-D inverse wavelet transform. Especially, a novel method, Ratio Image Based Spectral Resampling （RIBSR）method, is proposed to accomplish data resampling in spectral domain by utilizing the property of ratio image. And a new fusion rule, Average and Substitution （A＆S） rule, is employed as the fusion rule to accomplish wavelet coefficient integration. Experimental results illustrate that the fusion approach using 3-D wavelet transform can utilize both spatial and spectral characteristics of source images more adequately and produce fused image with higher quality and fewer artifacts than fusion approach using 2-D wavelet transform. It is also revealed that RIBSR method is capable of interpolating the missing data more effectively and correctly, and A＆S rule can integrate coefficients of source images in 3-D wavelet domain to preserve both spatial and spectral features of source images more properly.

Edge detection based on object tree image representation and wavelet transform

In applications such as image retrieval and recognition, precise edge detection for interested regions plays a decisive role. Existing methods generally take little care about local characteristics, or become time consuming if every detail is considered. In the paper, a new method is put forward based on the combination of effective image representation and multiscale wavelet analysis. A new object tree image representation is introduced. Then a series of object trees are constructed based on wavelet transform modulus maxima at different scales in descending order. Computation is only needed for interested regions. Implementation steps are also given with an illustrative example.

A NOVEL ALGORITHM OF MULTI-SENSOR IMAGE FUSION BASED ON WAVELET PACKET TRANSFORM

In order to enhance the image information from multi-sensor and to improve the abilities of the information analysis and the feature extraction, this letter proposed a new fusion approach in pixel level by means of the Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT). The WPT is able to decompose an image into low frequency band and high frequency band in higher scale. It offers a more precise method for image analysis than Wavelet Transform (WT). Firstly, the proposed approach employs HIS (Hue, Intensity, Saturation) transform to obtain the intensity component of CBERS (China-Brazil Earth Resource Satellite) multi-spectral image. Then WPT transform is employed to decompose the intensity component and SPOT (Systeme Pour I'Observation de la Therre ) image into low frequency band and high frequency band in three levels. Next, two high frequency coefficients and low frequency coefficients of the images are combined by linear weighting strategies. Finally, the fused image is obtained with inverse WPT and inverse HIS. The results show the new approach can fuse details of input image successfully, and thereby can obtain a more satisfactory result than that of HM (Histogram Matched)-based fusion algorithm and WT-based fusion approach.

Analysis of Spectral Characteristics Based on Optical Remote Sensing and SAR Image Fusion

Because of cloudy and rainy weather in south China, optical remote sens-ing images often can＇t be obtained easily. With the regional trial results in Baoying, Jiangsu province, this paper explored the fusion model and effect of ENVISAT/SAR and HJ-1A satel ite multispectral remote sensing images. Based on the ARSIS strat-egy, using the wavelet transform and the Interaction between the Band Structure Model （IBSM）, the research progressed the ENVISAT satel ite SAR and the HJ-1A satel ite CCD images wavelet decomposition, and low/high frequency coefficient re-construction, and obtained the fusion images through the inverse wavelet transform. In the light of low and high-frequency images have different characteristics in differ-ent areas, different fusion rules which can enhance the integration process of self-adaptive were taken, with comparisons with the PCA transformation, IHS transfor-mation and other traditional methods by subjective and the corresponding quantita-tive evaluation. Furthermore, the research extracted the bands and NDVI values around the fusion with GPS samples, analyzed and explained the fusion effect. The results showed that the spectral distortion of wavelet fusion, IHS transform, PCA transform images was 0.101 6, 0.326 1 and 1.277 2, respectively and entropy was 14.701 5, 11.899 3 and 13.229 3, respectively, the wavelet fusion is the highest. The method of wavelet maintained good spectral capability, and visual effects while improved the spatial resolution, the information interpretation effect was much better than other two methods.

EEG Signal Denoising and Feature Extraction Using Wavelet Transform in Brain Computer Interface

Electroencephalogram(EEG) signal preprocessing is one of the most important techniques in brain computer interface(BCI).The target is to increase signal-to-noise ratio and make it more favorable for feature extraction and pattern recognition.Wavelet transform is a method of multi-resolution time-frequency analysis,it can decompose the mixed signals which consist of different frequencies into different frequency band.EEG signal is analyzed and denoised using wavelet transform.Moreover,wavelet transform can be used for EEG feature extraction.The energies of specific sub-bands and corresponding decomposition coefficients which have maximal separability according to the Fisher distance criterion are selected as features.The eigenvector for classification is obtained by combining the effective features from different channels.The performance is evaluated by separability and pattern recognition accuracy using the data set of BCI 2003 Competition,the final classification results have proved the effectiveness of this technology for EEG denoising and feature extraction.