[Objective] The genetic diversity of major mango cultivars in China was analyzed by using SSR markers, and their fingerprints were constructed so as to provide theoretical basis for germplasm innovation and breeding o...[Objective] The genetic diversity of major mango cultivars in China was analyzed by using SSR markers, and their fingerprints were constructed so as to provide theoretical basis for germplasm innovation and breeding of mango. [Method] With 115 pairs of SSR primers, genetic diversity analysis and cluster analysis were performed for 30 mango cultivars, among which the genetic relationships were analyzed. [Result] Total 64 pairs of polymorphic primers were screened out from the 115 pairs of primers, and total 343 bands were amplified from the 30 cultivars with 73.2% of polymorphic bands. On average, 3.9 allelic loci were detected for each pair of primers with genetic diversity index of 0.5, Shannon＇s diversity index of 1.00 and polymorphism information content of 0.49, indicating higher genetic diversity. The cluster analysis showed that the 30 major cultivars could be classified into four categories. The first category included 14 cultivars; the second category included 11 cultivars, most of which were introduced from abroad; the third category included 4 cultivars, Le., Miansan, Parayinda, Baiyu and Hongxiangya： the fourth category included only one cultivar Maqiesu.By using 7 pairs of SSR markers, i.e., M42, M49, M54, M55, M96, M99 and M103, digital fingerprints were constructed for the 30 mango cultivars. [Conclusion] The 30 mango cultivars present more complex genomic genetics and abundant genetic information, and they have higher genetic diversity.展开更多
Mammalian pelage color can vary among individuals of many species, although this intraspecific variation is oftenoverlooked by researchers, perhaps because of its sometimes subtle nature and difficulty in assessing it...Mammalian pelage color can vary among individuals of many species, although this intraspecific variation is oftenoverlooked by researchers, perhaps because of its sometimes subtle nature and difficulty in assessing it quantitatively. Thus, suchvariation is rarely studied in mammals, and this is especially true within the order Chiroptera, where there has been very little empiricalresearch. We examined museum specimens of red bats (Lasiurus borealis, family Vespertilionidae) from Georgia, USA, todetermine the extent of sexual dimorphism in pelage color and to explore possible associations between body size and pelagecolor. We photographed 54 specimens under uniform lighting, and used an image analysis program to measure pelage hue on theuropatagium region, which is fully furred in members of the genus Lasiurus. Statistical analyses of pelage hue scores showedmales had significantly redder pelage than females when considered alone, but when examined together with effects of body sizeand collection year, sex was not significant, and collection year and body size were. More recent specimens tended to be less redthan older specimens, which might indicate a wearing of the buffy tips of hairs from older specimens, and smaller bats of bothsexes tended to be more red. These interesting findings are encouraging and we suggest that future explorations into intraspecificvariation in pelage color of bats using this or similar approaches are warranted to clarify the significance of the patterns. Thisstudy also demonstrated that care must be taken in analyses of mammalian pelage color from older museum skins, or at least thatresearchers must take into account the age of the specimens .展开更多
For representation based image classification methods, it is very important to well represent the target image. As pixels at same positions of training samples and test samples of an object usually have different inte...For representation based image classification methods, it is very important to well represent the target image. As pixels at same positions of training samples and test samples of an object usually have different intensities, it brings difficulty in correctly classifying the object. In this paper, we proposed a novel method to reduce the effects of this issue for image classification. Our method first produces a new representation （i.e. virtual image） of original image, which can enhance the importance of moderate pixel intensities and reduce the effects of larger or smaller pixel intensities. Then virtual images and corresponding original images are respectively used to represent a test sample and obtain two rep- resentation results. Finally, this method fuses these two results to classify the test sample. The integration of original image and its virtual image is able to improve the accuracy of image classification. The experiments of image classification show that the proposed method can obtain a higher accuracy than the conventional classification methods.展开更多
This paper describes the experimental analysis of eye-movement during the generation of a trajectory by the human upper limb, carried out to elucidate the human mechanism for visual-information recognition. The result...This paper describes the experimental analysis of eye-movement during the generation of a trajectory by the human upper limb, carried out to elucidate the human mechanism for visual-information recognition. The results showed that the subjects adopted an eye-movement pattern called the subgoal travel method （fixating in the vicinity of the fingertip while drawing/tracing） for the complete circle. Subsequently, when the target trajectory was one of incomplete shapes, some subjects continued following the subgoal travel method by drawing the missing part of the target trajectory, while others followed two other eye-movement patterns. The first is called the center-point fixation method, in which subjects consider the center point as the most important point for generating the target-image trajectory, and therefore, fix their gaze at the center point throughout the experiment. The second is called the point-to-point travel method, in which the subjects＇ gazes shift between the center point of a displayed image and their fingertip. Further, the results confirmed that the eye-movement pattern, movement accuracy, and drawing speed are correlated. Additional experiments clarified the conditions for which different eye-movement patterns are suitable： the subgoal travel method is suitable for high-accuracy drawing; the center-point fixation method is suitable for higher-sneed drawing展开更多
In this paper, we introduce the concept of the general butterfly graph B[m,n;d] for integers m,n ≥ 3, d ≥ 1, determine its balance index set, and give the necessary and sufficient condition for balanced graph B[m,n;...In this paper, we introduce the concept of the general butterfly graph B[m,n;d] for integers m,n ≥ 3, d ≥ 1, determine its balance index set, and give the necessary and sufficient condition for balanced graph B[m,n;d] to exist.展开更多
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(34128)Fundamental Scientific Research Funds of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences(1630032013031)~~
文摘[Objective] The genetic diversity of major mango cultivars in China was analyzed by using SSR markers, and their fingerprints were constructed so as to provide theoretical basis for germplasm innovation and breeding of mango. [Method] With 115 pairs of SSR primers, genetic diversity analysis and cluster analysis were performed for 30 mango cultivars, among which the genetic relationships were analyzed. [Result] Total 64 pairs of polymorphic primers were screened out from the 115 pairs of primers, and total 343 bands were amplified from the 30 cultivars with 73.2% of polymorphic bands. On average, 3.9 allelic loci were detected for each pair of primers with genetic diversity index of 0.5, Shannon＇s diversity index of 1.00 and polymorphism information content of 0.49, indicating higher genetic diversity. The cluster analysis showed that the 30 major cultivars could be classified into four categories. The first category included 14 cultivars; the second category included 11 cultivars, most of which were introduced from abroad; the third category included 4 cultivars, Le., Miansan, Parayinda, Baiyu and Hongxiangya： the fourth category included only one cultivar Maqiesu.By using 7 pairs of SSR markers, i.e., M42, M49, M54, M55, M96, M99 and M103, digital fingerprints were constructed for the 30 mango cultivars. [Conclusion] The 30 mango cultivars present more complex genomic genetics and abundant genetic information, and they have higher genetic diversity.
基金supported by a grant rrom the Morris Animal Foundation
文摘Mammalian pelage color can vary among individuals of many species, although this intraspecific variation is oftenoverlooked by researchers, perhaps because of its sometimes subtle nature and difficulty in assessing it quantitatively. Thus, suchvariation is rarely studied in mammals, and this is especially true within the order Chiroptera, where there has been very little empiricalresearch. We examined museum specimens of red bats (Lasiurus borealis, family Vespertilionidae) from Georgia, USA, todetermine the extent of sexual dimorphism in pelage color and to explore possible associations between body size and pelagecolor. We photographed 54 specimens under uniform lighting, and used an image analysis program to measure pelage hue on theuropatagium region, which is fully furred in members of the genus Lasiurus. Statistical analyses of pelage hue scores showedmales had significantly redder pelage than females when considered alone, but when examined together with effects of body sizeand collection year, sex was not significant, and collection year and body size were. More recent specimens tended to be less redthan older specimens, which might indicate a wearing of the buffy tips of hairs from older specimens, and smaller bats of bothsexes tended to be more red. These interesting findings are encouraging and we suggest that future explorations into intraspecificvariation in pelage color of bats using this or similar approaches are warranted to clarify the significance of the patterns. Thisstudy also demonstrated that care must be taken in analyses of mammalian pelage color from older museum skins, or at least thatresearchers must take into account the age of the specimens .
文摘For representation based image classification methods, it is very important to well represent the target image. As pixels at same positions of training samples and test samples of an object usually have different intensities, it brings difficulty in correctly classifying the object. In this paper, we proposed a novel method to reduce the effects of this issue for image classification. Our method first produces a new representation （i.e. virtual image） of original image, which can enhance the importance of moderate pixel intensities and reduce the effects of larger or smaller pixel intensities. Then virtual images and corresponding original images are respectively used to represent a test sample and obtain two rep- resentation results. Finally, this method fuses these two results to classify the test sample. The integration of original image and its virtual image is able to improve the accuracy of image classification. The experiments of image classification show that the proposed method can obtain a higher accuracy than the conventional classification methods.
文摘This paper describes the experimental analysis of eye-movement during the generation of a trajectory by the human upper limb, carried out to elucidate the human mechanism for visual-information recognition. The results showed that the subjects adopted an eye-movement pattern called the subgoal travel method （fixating in the vicinity of the fingertip while drawing/tracing） for the complete circle. Subsequently, when the target trajectory was one of incomplete shapes, some subjects continued following the subgoal travel method by drawing the missing part of the target trajectory, while others followed two other eye-movement patterns. The first is called the center-point fixation method, in which subjects consider the center point as the most important point for generating the target-image trajectory, and therefore, fix their gaze at the center point throughout the experiment. The second is called the point-to-point travel method, in which the subjects＇ gazes shift between the center point of a displayed image and their fingertip. Further, the results confirmed that the eye-movement pattern, movement accuracy, and drawing speed are correlated. Additional experiments clarified the conditions for which different eye-movement patterns are suitable： the subgoal travel method is suitable for high-accuracy drawing; the center-point fixation method is suitable for higher-sneed drawing
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 10671005） the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province （No. A2007000230）.
文摘In this paper, we introduce the concept of the general butterfly graph B[m,n;d] for integers m,n ≥ 3, d ≥ 1, determine its balance index set, and give the necessary and sufficient condition for balanced graph B[m,n;d] to exist.
