图相分析法在径向精锻工艺中的应用

用图相分析方法测定并分析了由精锻机锻造高速钢的碳化物分布状态。采用图相分析方法可以减少由碳化物评级图来评定高速钢质量的人为偏差。测定了碳化物颗粒形状及分布的1种分析量:(1)面积百分数,(2)平均颗粒面积,(3)平均自由程,(4)长宽比。根据这些分析测定:讨论了径向精锻工艺中累积变形程度和终锻温度的影响。增加累积变形程度并适当降低终锻温度(一般为860～910℃)有利于碳化物破碎及钢材质量的提高。

定量金相的图象分析技术

讨论了将数字图象处理技术用于定量金相中材料组织测量分析的方法，并根据数字图象处理技术的特点和定量金相的要求，研制出了一套定量金相自动图象分析系统。根据二维截面或投影面上的图象参数去推断三维的空间图象参数，提取需要的特征信息并自动地进行处理及输出特征参数值。为理论检验、测试提供了快速、准确的定量分析手段。

微滤陶瓷膜结构特点及参数测定

本文采用电子显微照相——计算机图象分析处理技术，结合液体渗透法对微滤陶瓷膜的结构特点及参数进行了测定研究。测定结果吻合良好，表明两种方法结合可以准确、合理地评定陶瓷膜的结构和表征膜的性能参数。

黝铜矿族矿物的EPMA研究

黝铜矿族矿物成分复杂、类质同象取代广泛,种属区分困难。利用EPMA法对该族矿物进行成分分析和图相分析可将其划分为两个亚种、若干个变种。对该族矿的鉴别与研究卓有成效。

Correlation analysis between the HPLC fingerprints and in vitro antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate extracts from Radix isatidis

Aim To study the correlation between the HPLC fingerprints and in vitro antibacterial activities of EtOAc extracts of Radix isatidis from various sources. Methods Ten batches of Radix isatidis EtOAc extracts were analyzed with HPLC and the fingerprints were established. The influence of EtOAc extracts on the thermogenic curve of growth of Escherchia coli was obtained by microcalorimetry. The chemical differences of EtOAc extracts of Radix isatidis from various sources in the HPLC fingerprints were probed with hierarchical clustering analysis and similarity analysis. The correlation between the HPLC fingerprints and in vitro antibacterial activities was analyzed with multivafiant correlation analysis. Results Close correlation existed between the HPLC fingerprints and in vitro antibacterial activities of EtOAc extracts of Radix isatidis. Conlusion The combination of HPLC fingerprints and antibacterial activities can be used to discover principle components of Radix isatidis on bioactivity.

Thermodynamic Modeling and Phase Diagrams of Hexagonal and Cubic GaN Single-Crystal FilmGrowth by ECR-PEMOCVD Method

Based on thermodynamic equilibrium theory,a chemical equilibrium model for GaN g rowth is given in electron cyclotron resonance plasma enhanced metalorganic chem ical vapor deposition (ECR-PEMOCVD) system.Calculation indicates that the growt h driving force are functions of growth conditions:group Ⅲ input partial press ure,input Ⅴ/Ⅲ ratio,and growth temperature.Furthermore,the growth phase diag rams of hexagonal and cubic GaN film growth are obtained,which are consistent wi th our experimental conditions to some extent.Through analysis,it is explained t he reason that high temperature and high input Ⅴ/Ⅲ ratio are favorable for he xagonal GaN film growth.This model can be extended to the similar systems used f or GaN single-crystal film growth.

一种光学-数字混合图象分析系统及其在海洋波高测量的潜在应用

本文构造了一种光学-数字混合图象分析系统。整个系统包括功率谱采样、最佳特征选择和分类。对两类海洋波浪(高度相差0.1m)分类的试验结果表明,系统的性能是良好的。系统可以适用于多类浪高的自动测量。

DEPENDENCE ANALYSIS FOR UML CLASS DIAGRAMS

Though Unified Modeling Language (UML) has been widely used in software development, the major problems confronted lie in comprehension and testing. Dependence analysis is an important approach to analyze, understand, test and maintain programs. A new kind of dependence analysis method for UML class diagrams is developed. A set of dependence relations is definedcorresponding to the relations among classes. Thus, the dependence graph of UML class diagram can be constructed from these dependence relations. Based on this model, both slicing and measurement coupling are further given as its two applications.

Travelling Wave Solutions to Stretched Beam's Equation: Phase Portraits Survey

In this paper, following the phase portraits analysis, we investigate the integrability of a system which physically describes the transverse oscillation of an elastic beam under end-thrust. As a result, we find that this system actually comprises two families of travelling waves： the sub- and super-sonic periodic waves of positive- and negative- definite velocities, respectively, and the localized sub-sonic loop-shaped waves of positive-definite velocity. Expressing the energy-like of this system while depicting its phase portrait dynamics, we show that these multivaiued localized travelling waves appear as the boundary solutions to which the periodic travelling waves tend asymptotically

Correlation analysis-based image segmentation approach for automatic agriculture vehicle

It is important to segment image correctly to extract guidance information for automatic agriculture vehicle. If we can make the computer know where the crops are, we can extract the guidance line easily. Images were divided into some rec-tangle small windows, then a pair of 1-D arrays was constructed in each small windows. The correlation coefficients of every small window constructed the features to segment images. The results showed that correlation analysis is a potential approach for processing complex farmland for guidance system, and more correlation analysis methods must be researched.

Quantitative characterization of β-solidifying γ-TiAl alloy with duplex structure

For precise plastic deformation,microstructure control is essential especially for β-solidifying γ-TiAl alloy with duplex structure.Based on stereology,the microstructure of isothermally compressed γ-TiAl alloy was divided into β_(0) grains,remnant α_(2)/γ lamellar colonies,α_(2) and γ grains.The results show that the volume fraction of β_(0) grains slightly increases in the isothermally compressed γ-TiAl alloy with the increase of height reduction.Meanwhile,the volume fractions of remnant α_(2)/γ lamellar colonies and α_(2) grains decrease.However,the volume fraction of γ grains increases from 64.39% to 78.47%.According to the quantitative results,the α→γ phase transformation was investigated in-depth,and it is found that isothermal compression accelerates the α→γ phase transformation.The first α→γ phase transformation is similar to ledge-controlled transformation,through which remnant α_(2)/γ lamellar colonies finally convert intoγgrains in isothermal compression.The second is achieved by α/γ phase interface immigration.

Chromatographic fingerprint analysis of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus by HPLC-DAD and chemometric methods

An efficient method for quality control of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus (FAI),a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was established. A simple and reliable high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector (HPLC-DAD) procedure coupled with chemometric methods was developed for fingerprint analysis,qualitative analysis and quantitative determination of this herb. In qualitative and quantitative analyses,heuristic evolving latent projection (HELP) method was employed to resolve the overlapping peaks of the tested samples. Two bioactive components,namely hesperidin and naringin,are confirmed and determined,together with four flavonoids compounds tentatively identified including two new ones. From fingerprint analysis,the fingerprint data were processed with correlation coefficients for quantitative expression of their similarity and dissimilarity. The developed method based on an integration of chromatographic fingerprint and quantitative analysis is scientific,and the obtained results can be applied to the quality control of herb medicine.

Novel Quantum Phases of Ultracold Bosonic Atoms in Honeycomb Optical Lattice

We study the quantum phase transition of ultracold atoms in the honeycomb optical lattice. The Hamiltonian of ultracold bosonic atoms in the honeycomb optical lattice is derived. We take the mean-field approximation and further solve the Hamiltonian with the numerical diagonalization method. We obtain the phase diagram and find that the Mort-insulator （MI）, density wave （DW） and modulated superfluid （MS） phases appear. Furthermore, the phase diagram is analyzed according to the order parameter and the average number of particles.

An Ocular Artifacts Removal Method Based on Canonical Correlation Analysis and Two-Channel EEG Recordings

In order to more effectively apply an artifact removal melhod in an online brain-computer interface （BCI） system, a new method based on canonical correlation analysis （CCA） and two-channel eleetroeneephalography （EEG） recordings to quickly remove ocular artifacts （OA） is proposed in this paper. Considering both the formation of EEG signals contaminated by OA and the spread of OA, vertical electrooculo~＇aphy （VEOG） was appropriately introduced in CCA, and the blind source separation （BSS~ method based on CCA was used in a new way during the OA removal process. Both experimental and comparison with ICA and SOBI results show that the new method with simple calculation and fast processing speed can effectively separate and remove OA using only two-channel EEG recordings, with retaining useful EEG signals. Hence, this method used in an online BCI system will be more effective.

Phase equilibria in Ni-Ti-Ta ternary system

Phase diagrams of two isothermal sections of the Ni-Ti-Ta ternary system at 1000 and 1200℃in a full composition range were determined by X-ray diffraction and electron probe microanalysis.The experimental results indicated a ternary compoundτphase with low solid solubility and composition ranges of(16.3-22.4)at.%Ta,(15.9-24.1)at.%Ti and(58.5-60.0)at.%Ni at 1000℃.The two terminal solid solutions(bcc-(Ta)andβ-Ti)formed a continuous solid solution at 1000 and 1200℃.A certain amount of Ti can dissolve into Ni-Ta intermetallic compounds near the Ni-Ta side,with the highest value of 21.9 at.%observed in the Ni;Ta compound at 1000℃.

Uncertainty through Polynomial Chaos： A Sensor Sensitivity and Correlation Analysis in EEG Problems

The author studies the effect of uncertain conductivity on the electroencephalography （EEG） forward problem. A three-layer spherical head model with different and random layer conductivities is considered. Polynomial Chaos （PC） is used to model the randomness. The author performs a sensitivity and correlation analysis of EEG sensors influenced by uncertain conductivity. The author addressed the sensitivity analysis at three stages： dipole location and moment averaged out, only the dipole moment averaged out, and both fixed. On average, the author observes the least influenced electrodes along the great longitudinal fissure. Also, sensors located closer to a dipole source, are of greater influence to a change in conductivity. The highly influenced sensors were on average located temporal. This was also the case in the correlation analysis. Sensors in the temporal parts of the brain are highly correlated. Whereas the sensors in the occipital and lower frontal region, though they are close together, are not so highly correlated as in the temporal regions. This study clearly shows that intrinsic sensor correlation exists, and therefore cannot be discarded, especially in the inverse problem. In the latter it makes it possible not to specify the conductivities. It also offers an easy but rigorous modeling of the stochastic propagation of uncertain conductivity to sensorial potentials （e.g., making it suited for research on optimal placing of these sensors）.

Phase Spectral Analysis of EEG Signals

A new method of phase spectral analysis of EEG is proposed for the comparative analysis of phase spectra between normal EEG and epileptic EEG signals based on the wavelet decomposition technique. By using multiscale wavelet decomposition,the original EEGs are mapped to an orthogonal wavelet space,such that the variations of phase can be observed at multiscale. It is found that the phase (and phase difference) spectra of normal EEGs are distinct from that of epileptic EEGs. That is the variations of phase (and phase difference) of normal EEGs have a distinct periodic pattern with the electrical activity proceeds in the brain,but do not the epileptic EEGs. For epileptic EEGs,only at those transient points,the phase variations are obvious. In order to verify these results with the observational data,the phase variations of EEGs in principal component space are observed and found that,the features of phase spectra is in correspondence with that the wavelet space. These results make it possible to view the behavior of EEG rhythms as a dynamic spectrum.

Automatic recognition and quantitative analysis of Ω phases in Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy

The main methods of the second phase quantitative analysis in current material science researches are manual recognition and extracting by using software such as Image Tool and Nano Measurer. The weaknesses such as high labor intensity and low accuracy statistic results exist in these methods. In order to overcome the shortcomings of the current methods, the Ω phase in A1-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy is taken as the research object and an algorithm based on the digital image processing and pattern recognition is proposed and implemented to do the A1 alloy TEM （transmission electron microscope） digital images process and recognize and extract the information of the second phase in the result image automatically. The top-hat transformation of the mathematical morphology, as well as several imaging processing technologies has been used in the proposed algorithm. Thereinto, top-hat transformation is used for elimination of asymmetric illumination and doing Multi-layer filtering to segment Ω phase in the TEM image. The testing results are satisfied, which indicate that the Ω phase with unclear boundary or small size can be recognized by using this method. The omission of these two kinds of Ω phase can be avoided or significantly reduced. More Ω phases would be recognized （growing rate minimum to 2% and maximum to 400% in samples）, accuracy of recognition and statistics results would be greatly improved by using this method. And the manual error can be eliminated. The procedure recognizing and making quantitative analysis of information in this method is automatically completed by the software. It can process one image, including recognition and quantitative analysis in 30 min, but the manual method such as using Image Tool or Nano Measurer need 2 h or more. The labor intensity is effectively reduced and the working efficiency is greatly improved.

Web Information Retrieval： Problem and Prospects

The information access is the rich data available for information retrieval, evolved to provide principle approaches or strategies for searching. For building the successful web retrieval search engine model, there are a number of prospects that arise at the different levels where techniques, such as Usenet, support vector machine are employed to have a significant impact. The present investigations explore the number of problems identified its level and related to finding information on web. The authors have attempted to examine the issues and prospects by applying different methods such as web graph analysis, the retrieval and analysis of newsgroup postings and statistical methods for inferring meaning in text. The proposed model thus assists the users in finding the existing formation of data they need. The study proposes three heuristics model to characterize the balancing between query and feedback information, so that adaptive relevance feedback. The authors have made an attempt to discuss the parameter factors that are responsible for the efficient searching. The important parameters can be taken care of for the future extension or development of search engines.

Emergy Based Sustainability Scenario Analysis of Oasis Agricultural Systems: A Case Study from Xinjiang, China

How to coordinate arid eco-environmental protection and oasis agricultural development and avoid desertification is a key problem in achieving the sustainable development of oasis human- earth systems. We analyzed the temporal characteristics and overall tendency of an arid oasis agricultural production system in Yining County, China by means of emergy methods and ternary diagrams theory. From 1989–2008, total emergy input and output of the oasis agricultural system in Yining County had a trend of sustainable development. According to the sustainability analysis with emergy indices, the agricultural production systems in Yining County were still at a sustainable status. However, the emergy-based sustainability index （ESI） followed a decreasing trend. Scenario analysis of the sustainability lines based on ternary diagrams showed that both the F （input from economic component） and N （input from nonrenewable resource） leading modes had limitations in the study case. The agricultural production of Yining County should adopt the R leading mode, in which the percentage of non-renewable resources in the local system will be kept roughly unchanged, while the fraction of purchased inputs and renewable resources will be decreased in synchronism. In this way, the contribution from local renewable resources to agricultural production will be increased, and sustainable development ensured.