工程图图面处理系统

在工程设计中,图面设计及文字信息处理要花费设计师们很多宝贵的时间和精力,作者经过多年的探讨,研究并开发了工程图图面处理系统。工程图图面处理系统多年来用于巨型机的研制中,取得了很好的效果。本文简要介绍了工程图图面处理系统的设计原理及实现方法。

数字化填图中图面资料处理的自动化实现方法

针对传统数字地质调查过程中图面资料手工整饰存在低效和精度不高的问题,提出进行自动化处理的思路与方法,并给出相应的处理流程框架,在此基础上研制开发DLiner数字化整饰平台软件。该软件操作流程简单,具备路线PRB、实际材料图自动化整饰和部分人机交互的检查错误功能,能有效避免人工操作造成数字地质调查精度降低的问题和部分隐形错误,整饰图面美观且符合反映地质现象的要求,降低劳动强度,提高工作效率,且与Mapgis、DGSS等软件兼容性好。

3D surface profile diagnosis using digital image processing for laboratory use

The measurement of the surface quality and the profile preciseness is major issues in many industrial branches such that the surface quality of semi products directly affects the subsequent production steps.Although,there are many ways to obtain required data,the hardware necessary for the measurements such as 2D or 3D scanners,depending on the problem’s complexity,is too expensive.Therefore,in this paper,what we put forward as a novelty is an algorithm which is verified on the model of simple 3D scanner on the image processing basis with the resolution of 0.1 mm.There are many ways to scan surface profile;however,the image processing currently is the most trending topic in industry automation.Most importantly,in order to obtain surface images,standard high resolution reflex camera is used and thus the post processing could be realized with MatLab as the software environment.Therefore,this solution is an alternative to the expensive scanners,and single-purpose devices could be extended by many additional functions.

Efficient rendering of breaking waves using MPS method

This paper proposes an approach for rendering breaking waves out of large-scale of particle-based simulation. Moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) is used to solve the governing equation, and 2D simulation is expanded to 3D representation by giving motion variation using fractional Brownian motion (fBm). The waterbody surface is reconstructed from the outlines of 2D simulation. The splashing effect is computed according to the properties of the particles. Realistic features of the wave are ren-dered on GPU, including the reflective and refractive effect and the effect of splash. Experiments showed that the proposed method can simulate large scale breaking waves efficiently.

Data-driven facial animation based on manifold Bayesian regression

Driving facial animation based on tens of tracked markers is a challenging task due to the complex topology and to the non-rigid nature of human faces. We propose a solution named manifold Bayesian regression. First a novel distance metric, the geodesic manifold distance, is introduced to replace the Euclidean distance. The problem of facial animation can be formulated as a sparse warping kernels regression problem, in which the geodesic manifold distance is used for modelling the topology and discontinuities of the face models. The geodesic manifold distance can be adopted in traditional regression methods, e.g. radial basis functions without much tuning. We put facial animation into the framework of Bayesian regression. Bayesian approaches provide an elegant way of dealing with noise and uncertainty. After the covariance matrix is properly modulated, Hybrid Monte Carlo is used to approximate the integration of probabilities and get deformation results. The experimental results showed that our algorithm can robustly produce facial animation with large motions and complex face models.

Monitoring of coal-mine goaf based on 4D seismic technology

The range of coal-mine underground goaf has continuously expanded over time.Caving,fracture,and deformation zones have also changed,thereby inducing coal-mine water inrush and other environmental disasters.In this study,4 D seismic monitoring technology that is effective in reservoir development was used to monitor abnormal changes in coal-mine underground goaf to explore the feasibility of the method.Taking a coal mine in Hancheng,Shaanxi as an example,we used the aforementioned technology to dynamically monitor the abnormal changes in the goaf.Based on the 4 D seismic data obtained in the experiment and the abnormal change characteristics of the coal-mine goaf,the method of 4 D seismic data processing in reservoir was improved.A set of 4 D data processing flow for the goaf was established,and the anomalies in the surface elevation and overlying strata velocity caused by collapse were corrected.We have made the following improvements to the method of 4 D seismic data processing in the reservoir:(1)the static correction problem caused by the changes of surface elevation and destruction of the low-velocity layer has been solved through fusion static correction to comb the low-frequency components of elevation statics with the high-frequency components of refraction statics;(2)the problem of overlying strata velocity changes in the goaf caused by collapse has been solved through the velocity consistency method;(3)the problem of reflection event pull-down in the disturbance area has been solved through space-varying moveout correction based on cross-correlation;and(4)amplitude anomalies in the coal seam caused by the goaf have been addressed using the correction method of space-varying amplitude.Results show that the 4 D seismic data processing and interpretation method established in this study is reasonable and effective.

The seismic CT method in measuring rock bodies

The seismic computed tomography （CT） method is derived from the basic principles of X-ray section scanning first applied in medical science. The method records P-wave arrivals between shots and receivers in separate boreholes. Using the velocity information from 2D seismic P-wave arrival inversion, we can determine the distribution of velocity in rock and soil bodies. This paper introduces a practical case of using the seismic CT method for detecting the structure of the rocks for tunnel engineering and to utilize SIRT algorithms for doing first arrival time iterative inversion. Compared with other exploration methods, it is more efficient and accurate.

Method of Precise Auto Tool Setting for Micro Milling

Based on microscope and image processing, a new method of auto tool setting for micro milling was presented. Firstly, a realtime image of tool setting area was obtained by microscope and CCD camera, then image processing was carried out on this image and the gap between the tool and workpiece was calculated. The gap measurement was sent to motion controlling card to make the tool approach to the surface of workpiece. These steps were repeated until the gap is zero, which means that tool setting was finished. Moreover, a reliability verification test was conducted. Results indicated that the precision of tool setting is satisfactory.

A Machine Vision System for Ball Grid Array Package Inspection

An optical inspection method of the Ball Grid Array package(BGA) was proposed by using a machine vision system. The developed machine vision system could get main critical factors for BGA quality evaluation, such as the height of solder ball, diameter, pitch and coplanarity. The experiment has proved that this system is available for BGA failure detection.

A Method for Calculating Fractal Dimension of Amicrons and Fractal Simulation of Boundary Micro-Topography

A simple and practical method to calculate the fractal dimension （FD） of amicron＇s projective surface profile based on fractal theory is proposed. Taking AI（OH）3 material particles as an example, the scanning electron microscope （SEM） photos of particles were processed using an image.processing software （IPS） Photoshop. Taking the pixel as a fixed yardstick with the enlargement of the size of the particle image, the box-dimension and circumference-area （C-S） methods were used to calculate the FD of the surface profile of the particle. The FD of 1.2623 of the classic Koch curve is obtained, which approximates the true value of 1.2628. The complexities of the object＇s boundary and surface micro-topography are simulated successfully by a generator method.

Large Area Flat-screen Liquid Crystal Television

A modular flat-screen liquid crystal television display is described.The picture elements of the modules may be emissive,reflective or transmissive.The flat-screen liquid crystal television also comprised of an electrical control circuit capable of categorizing incoming television picture signals corresponding to the modules in the array and directing the electrical signals to the drive circuits of each module according to the portion of the television picture to be reproduced by the picture elements of that module.The picture elements are preferably formed in a light modulating film composed of a liquid crystal dispersion in a polymeric binder.A color display was also produced by placing a patterned red-green-blue filter adjacent the active matrix so that each picture element could also be coordinated with the color components of a color video signal.

New method to quantitatively evaluate the homogeneity of asphalt mixtures

To evaluate the homogeneity of asphalt mixtures,the images of sections obtained by cutting the asphalt mixtures specimen horizontally or vertically were analyzed with digital image processing techniques,and the particle area ratio was achieved by applying sector scan for horizontal specimen and vertical scan for vertical one.The research result indicates that the influence of random distribution of aggregates in cutting the specimen can be eliminated by using colored aggregates to distinguish coarse and fine aggregates and using color threshold to segment the images.Choosing three typical gradations,proving particle area ratio obeying normal distribution and using the variability of particle area ratio as an index,it is feasible to quantitatively evaluate the homogeneity of asphalt mixtures.

Large Area Flat-screen Liquid Crystal Television(continued 1 )

A modular flat-screen liquid crystal television display is described. The picture elements of the modules may be emissive, reflective or transmissive. The flat-screen liquid crystal television also comprised of an electrical control circuit capable of categorizing incoming television picture signals corresponding to the modules in the array and directing the electrical signals to the drive circuits of each module according to the portion of the television picture to be reproduced by the picture elements of that module. The picture elements are preferably formed in a light modulating film composed of a liquid crystal dispersion in a polymeric binder. A color display was also produced by placing a patterned red-green-blue filter adjacent the active matrix so that each picture element could also be coordinated with the color components of a color video signal.

Digital Image Processing Methods for Bridge Coating Management and Their Limitations

Accurate and objective rust defect assessment is required to maintain good quality steel bridge coating surfaces and make a decision whether a bridge shall completely or partially be repainted. For more objective rust defect recognition, digital image recognition methods have been developed for the past few years and they are expected to replace or complement conventional painting inspection methods. Efficient image processing methods are also essential for the successful implementation of steel bridge coating warranty contracting where the owner, usually a state agency, and the contractor inspect steel bridge coating conditions regularly and decide whether additional maintenance actions are needed based on the processed data. There are two approaches to develop automated rust defect recognition methods： applying a statistical method or an artificial intelligence technique. This paper presents the application of previously developed image processing methods for defect evaluations on a bridge coating surface and discusses their limitations under three environmental conditions which are often encountered while acquiring digital images.

Recent Advances and Challenges of Visual Signal Quality Assessment

While quality assessment is essential for testing, optimizing, benchmarking, monitoring, and inspecting related systems and services, it also plays an essential role in the design of virtually all visual signal processing and communication algorithms, as well as various related decision-making processes. In this paper, we first provide an overview of recently derived quality assessment approaches for traditional visual signals (i.e., 2D images/videos), with highlights for new trends (such as machine learning approaches). On the other hand, with the ongoing development of devices and multimedia services, newly emerged visual signals (e.g., mobile/3D videos) are becoming more and more popular. This work focuses on recent progresses of quality metrics, which have been reviewed for the newly emerged forms of visual signals, which include scalable and mobile videos, High Dynamic Range (HDR) images, image segmentation results, 3D images/videos, and retargeted images.

A Single-Finger Operated Noncontact User Interface

A noncontact user interface using image processing for people with neuromuscular diseases is presented in this paper. The user interface is composed of a Web camera and a PC, and allows users to manipulate the PC using small movements of single finger. By using image processing techniques with the Web camera, the finger is appropriately detected from the images captured by it. Control boxes for pointing and text input functions are also made. To verify performances of the interface, some tasks are experimentally performed by three able-bodied subjects and a person suffering from spinal muscular atrophy. It was clear from the experimental results that all the subjects could smoothly nerforrn the t,~k~

Study on the description method of upper limb's muscle force levels during simulated in-orbit operations

The dexterous upper limb serves as the most important tool for astronauts to implement in-orbit experiments and operations. This study developed a simulated weightlessness experiment and invented new measuring equipment to quantitatively evaluate the muscle ability of the upper limb. Isometric maximum voluntary contractions （MVCs） and surface electromyography （sEMG） signals of right-handed pushing at the three positions were measured for eleven subjects. In order to enhance the com- prehensiveness and accuracy of muscle force assessment, the study focused on signal processing techniques. We applied a combination method, which consists of time-, frequency-, and bi-frequency- domain analyses. Time- and frequency-domain analyses estimated the root mean square （RMS） and median frequency （MDF） of sEMG signals, respectively. Higher order spectra （HOS） of bi-frequency domain evaluated the maximum bispectrum amplitude （Bmax）, Gaussianity level （Sg） and lineari- ty level （S0 of sEMG signals. Results showed that B S,, and RMS values all increased as force increased. MDF and Sg val- ues both declined as force increased. The research demonstrated that the combination method is superior to the conventional time- and frequency-domain analyses. The method not only described sEMG signal amplitude and power spectrum, but also deeper characterized phase coupling information and non-Gaussianity and non-linearity levels of sEMG, compared to two conventional analyses. The finding from the study can aid ergonomist to estimate astronaut muscle performance, so as to opti- mize in-orbit operation efficacy and minimize musculoskeletal injuries.