In order to simulate the airflow in anhydrous case and the water-air flow in groundwater case, a numerical model of airflow in soil was developed. For the nonlinearity of the governing partial differential equation, t...In order to simulate the airflow in anhydrous case and the water-air flow in groundwater case, a numerical model of airflow in soil was developed. For the nonlinearity of the governing partial differential equation, the corresponding discretization and linearization methods were given. Due to the mass transfer between air-phase and water-phase, phase states of the model elements were constantly changing. Thus, parameters of the model were divided into primary ones and secondary ones, and the primary variables changing with phase states and the secondary variables can be obtained by their functional relationship with the primary variables. Additionally, the special definite condition of this numerical model was illustrated. Two examples were given to simulate the airflow in soil whether there was groundwater or not, and the effectiveness of the numerical model is verified by comparing the results of simulation with that of exoeriment.展开更多
Spiking deconvolution is a standard Wiener Levinson algorithm. The autocorrelation of the design time gate is computed and there is a specified taper on the design gate before the autoeorrelation is done. The standard...Spiking deconvolution is a standard Wiener Levinson algorithm. The autocorrelation of the design time gate is computed and there is a specified taper on the design gate before the autoeorrelation is done. The standard equations are set up, prewhitening is added to the zero lag value of the autocorrelation and the matrix is inverted to derive the spiking operator. In this study, the authors describe a technique for performing spiking deconvolution on prestack time migration （PSTM） data, to test the effect of operator length and percent prewhitening in spiking deconvolution and apply spiking deconvolution trace by trace, with operator lengths 15ms, 10 ms and 5 ms when percent prewhitening 0% , 40ms and 60ms for percent prewhitening 1%. The results show when prewhitening is 0% the shorter operator gives better results, but when value of prewhitening is bigger than 0% it is better to use longer operator lengths.展开更多
Although the fundamental physical role of housing is safety and sheltering for individuals, it is in fact the collection of places that hold the family together. Due to globalization and changes in the world, housing ...Although the fundamental physical role of housing is safety and sheltering for individuals, it is in fact the collection of places that hold the family together. Due to globalization and changes in the world, housing is no longer only a structure that provides sheltering but is also a factor that provides mutual interaction in formation of life style and quality. The elements such as the increase in the effect of consumption preferences and life style on selections, the changes in family structure, and urban structures also influence the residences used and housing preferences. The purpose of this study is to determine the general situation of housing preferences while taking into account the family life style in Turkey and at the same time to make an evaluation based on international publications.展开更多
Addition of clay-rich subsoil to sandy soil results in heterogeneous soil with clay peds （2-mm） or finely ground （〈 2 mm） clay soil （FG）, which may affect the nutrient availability. The aim of this study was to...Addition of clay-rich subsoil to sandy soil results in heterogeneous soil with clay peds （2-mm） or finely ground （〈 2 mm） clay soil （FG）, which may affect the nutrient availability. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of clay soil particle size （FG or peds） and properties on nutrient availability and organic C binding in sandy soil after addition of residues with low （young kikuyu grass, KG） or high （faba bean, FB） C/N ratio. Two clay soils with high and low smectite percentage, clay and exchangeable Fe and A1 were added to a sandy soil at a rate of 20% （weight/weight） either as FG or peds. Over 45 d, available N and P as well as microbial biomass N and P concentrations and cumulative respiration were greater in soils with residues of KG than FB. For soils with KG residues, clay addition increased available N and initial microbial biomass C and N concentrations, but decreased cumulative respiration and P availability compared to sandy soil without clay. Differences in measured parameters between clay type and size were inconsistent and varied with time except the increase in total organic C in the 〈 53 μm fraction during the experiment, which was greater for soils with FG than with peds. We concluded that the high exchangeable Fe and A1 concentrations in the low-smectite clay soil can compensate a lower clay concentration and proportion of smectite with respect to binding of organic matter and nutrients.展开更多
基金Project(Y5080022) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,ChinaProject(RC1202) supported by Scientific and Technological Program of Water Resources Department of Zhejiang Province in 2012,ChinaProject(Y201224384) supported by Scientific Research Program of Education Department of Zhejiang Province in 2012,China
文摘In order to simulate the airflow in anhydrous case and the water-air flow in groundwater case, a numerical model of airflow in soil was developed. For the nonlinearity of the governing partial differential equation, the corresponding discretization and linearization methods were given. Due to the mass transfer between air-phase and water-phase, phase states of the model elements were constantly changing. Thus, parameters of the model were divided into primary ones and secondary ones, and the primary variables changing with phase states and the secondary variables can be obtained by their functional relationship with the primary variables. Additionally, the special definite condition of this numerical model was illustrated. Two examples were given to simulate the airflow in soil whether there was groundwater or not, and the effectiveness of the numerical model is verified by comparing the results of simulation with that of exoeriment.
文摘Spiking deconvolution is a standard Wiener Levinson algorithm. The autocorrelation of the design time gate is computed and there is a specified taper on the design gate before the autoeorrelation is done. The standard equations are set up, prewhitening is added to the zero lag value of the autocorrelation and the matrix is inverted to derive the spiking operator. In this study, the authors describe a technique for performing spiking deconvolution on prestack time migration （PSTM） data, to test the effect of operator length and percent prewhitening in spiking deconvolution and apply spiking deconvolution trace by trace, with operator lengths 15ms, 10 ms and 5 ms when percent prewhitening 0% , 40ms and 60ms for percent prewhitening 1%. The results show when prewhitening is 0% the shorter operator gives better results, but when value of prewhitening is bigger than 0% it is better to use longer operator lengths.
文摘Although the fundamental physical role of housing is safety and sheltering for individuals, it is in fact the collection of places that hold the family together. Due to globalization and changes in the world, housing is no longer only a structure that provides sheltering but is also a factor that provides mutual interaction in formation of life style and quality. The elements such as the increase in the effect of consumption preferences and life style on selections, the changes in family structure, and urban structures also influence the residences used and housing preferences. The purpose of this study is to determine the general situation of housing preferences while taking into account the family life style in Turkey and at the same time to make an evaluation based on international publications.
文摘Addition of clay-rich subsoil to sandy soil results in heterogeneous soil with clay peds （2-mm） or finely ground （〈 2 mm） clay soil （FG）, which may affect the nutrient availability. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of clay soil particle size （FG or peds） and properties on nutrient availability and organic C binding in sandy soil after addition of residues with low （young kikuyu grass, KG） or high （faba bean, FB） C/N ratio. Two clay soils with high and low smectite percentage, clay and exchangeable Fe and A1 were added to a sandy soil at a rate of 20% （weight/weight） either as FG or peds. Over 45 d, available N and P as well as microbial biomass N and P concentrations and cumulative respiration were greater in soils with residues of KG than FB. For soils with KG residues, clay addition increased available N and initial microbial biomass C and N concentrations, but decreased cumulative respiration and P availability compared to sandy soil without clay. Differences in measured parameters between clay type and size were inconsistent and varied with time except the increase in total organic C in the 〈 53 μm fraction during the experiment, which was greater for soils with FG than with peds. We concluded that the high exchangeable Fe and A1 concentrations in the low-smectite clay soil can compensate a lower clay concentration and proportion of smectite with respect to binding of organic matter and nutrients.
