陕西省10市“土地-经济-环境”耦合协调关系

为了明晰土地集约利用、经济发展状况及环境生态效应的耦合协调程度,基于耦合协调模型,以西部大开发城市群中陕西省为例,首先建立了耦合协调指标体系,测算10市的土地集约度、IGM指数和生态效应指数;其次研究了10市的土地—经济—生态耦合协调关系;最后进行了空间变异分析。结果表明:(1)相较于中东部地区,陕西省10市3个子系统总体协调发展水平偏低,其中西安和铜川存在生态效应滞后现象,咸阳、榆林、汉中3市土地集约水平较低,其余5市经济发展较为滞后。(2)从耦合协调情况来看,陕西省10市除延安、铜川和商洛市尚处于中度耦合协调阶段外,其他7市处于高度耦合协调阶段,但均未实现向优质耦合协调的跨越。(3)10市耦合协调度不存在明显离散和集聚效应,没有强烈的空间极化效应,整体空间不存在显著自相关现象,且城市的耦合协调性受相邻城市影响不大。综上,陕西省10市3个子系统间耦合协调度存在不平衡现象,处理好三者的关系将有助于促进城市可持续高质量发展。

Identification of Heterogeneity of Social and Economic Environment of Land Uses in China

The robust principal component analysis （RPCA） is a technique of multivariate statistics to assess the social and economic environment quality. This paper aims to explore a RPCA algorithm to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of social and economic environment of land uses （SEELU）. RPCA supplies one of the most efficient methods to derive the most important components or factors affecting the regional difference of the social and economic environment. According to the spatial distributions of the levels of SEELU,the total land resources of China were divided into eight zones numbered by Ⅰ to Ⅷ which spatially referred to the eight levels of SEELU.

The environment of coal mining areas and the economic evaluation of the land reclamation

The environment impact of the coal resources mining was analyzed. The method of economic evaluation for the coal mining was established to analyze land destruction. The opportunity cost method was used to quantitatively analyze and estimate the economic loss of the land destruction by coal mining. At the same time, the dump land reclamation of the Yuanbaoshan Open Pit was taken as an example to evaluate environmental and economical benefit with the method of economic evaluation for the coal mining areas land reclamation.

LUCC （Land Use and Cover Change） and the Environmental-Economic Accounts System in Brazil

The objective of this work is to produce statistics that are going to show changes occurred in Brazil＇s ecosystems and these statistics are going to join the SEEA （Environmental-Economic Accounts System）. It is based by a SEEA＇s methodology, diffused by UN （United Nations）, which aims an approach between economic and environmental statistics, producing international comparability and conceptual uniformity to evaluate change process in land cover and land use that occurs in several countries. It is necessary to verifying the suitability of methodological procedures to Brazilian reality and the access to all information and files needed. The first step was analysing MODIS （Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer） as orbital instrument on the purposed classification method. The choice of this sensor was made because of the product＇s quality and its capacity to generate images of a large area, though the challenge is to identify accurate Land usage＇s categories in images with a spatial resolution of approximately 250 m. After the final classification, the next step is to make a quantification and comparison of data from these different years using a 1 km2 grids, as proposed in an already used methodology by the European Environment Agency. This procedure will allow evaluate and identify the process of changing in each grid of the land cover and land use, and provide historical series of the chosen years.

Model-based analysis of spatio-temporal changes in land use in Northeast China

Spatially explicit modeling techniques recently emerged as an alternative to monitor land use changes. This study adopted the well-known CLUE-S(Conversion of Land Use and its Effects at Small regional extent) model to analyze the spatio-temporal land use changes in a hot-spot in Northeast China(NEC). In total,13 driving factors were selected to statistically analyze the spatial relationships between biophysical and socioeconomic factors and individual land use types. These relationships were then used to simulate land use dynamic changes during 1980–2010 at a 1 km spatial resolution,and to capture the overall land use change patterns. The obtained results indicate that increases in cropland area in NEC were mainly distributed in the Sanjiang Plain and the Songnen Plain during 1980–2000,with a small reduction between 2000 and 2010. An opposite pattern was identified for changes in forest areas. Forest decreases were mainly distributed in the Khingan Mountains and the Changbai Mountains between 1980 and 2000,with a slight increase during 2000–2010. The urban areas have expanded to occupy surrounding croplands and grasslands,particularly after the year 2000. More attention is needed on the newly gained croplands,which have largely replaced wetlands in the Sanjiang Plain over the last decade. Land use change patterns identified here should be considered in future policy making so as to strengthen local eco-environmental security.