西双版纳勐养自然保护区土地利用对自然景观的影响

使用ARC/INFO和ARC/VIEW地理信息系统 ,对以 1 995年 3月的卫星影像图、相关图件及数据为基础的图形数据库进行分析 ,研究了土地利用对勐养自然保护区自然景观的影响 .结果表明 ,土地利用使季节雨林生境的异质性最高 (多样性指数H为2 .1 759,优势度指数D为 1 .2 831 ) ,季风常绿阔叶林异质性最小 (H为 1 .2 531 ,D为2 .331 8) .该保护区总的人为干扰强度指数 (HD)为 0 .1 2 87,其中季节雨林生境受干扰最强烈 ,HD达 0 .880 9.季风常绿阔叶林是保护区的优势植被 (占总面积的 78% ) ,土地利用使其约 1 2 .36% (或 1 0 895hm2 )的面积被损坏 .热带雨林 (季节雨林、山地雨林和季雨林 ,占总面积的 1 2 % )是重点保护对象 ,土地利用使其损失了约 1 9% ( 2 557hm2 ) ,是受到严重干扰的生境组分 .耕地的斑块数量最多 (占斑块总数的 2 5.86% )而面积却很小 (占总面积的 2 .2 % ) ,呈小块状散布在保护区里 .人们因经营耕地而活动在保护区里 ,构成了大面积的干扰 ,使灌丛草地基本随着耕地散布在保护区里 .要保护好西双版纳勐养自然保护区 ,必须以改善土地利用方式来控制耕地的扩散 .

中国和欧盟土地利用规划环境影响评价对比研究

土地利用规划环境影响评价是提高土地利用规划科学性,实现土地资源可持续利用、促进区域可持续发展的重要工具。从当前我国土地利用规划环境影响评价借鉴国际尤其是欧盟经验中存在的问题出发,在总结我国及欧盟国家土地利用规划环境影响评价特点的基础上,从土地利用规划及环境内涵、土地利用规划环境影响评价指标体系和方法、土地利用规划环境评价的空间层次三个方面分析中国和欧盟土地利用规划环境影响评价的差异。最后从中国土地利用规划环境影响评价的特点出发,提出合理界定土地利用规划与土地利用规划环境影响评价的内容、建立中国土地利用规划特点的规划环境影响评价体系、发展规划导向的土地利用规划环境评价方法、加强多学科、多部门合作以及公众参与的建议。

土地利用规划环境影响评价——以双流县为例

土地利用规划对社会经济的发展和生态环境都会产生深刻的影响,尽早开展其环境影响评价对于保证决策的正确性是十分必要的。文章介绍了土地利用规划环境影响评价的基本程序和内容,提出了一系列的评价原则,分析了与其他环境影响评价的关系,并以双流县为例进行了分析。

土地利用总体规划环境影响评价研究进展

土地利用总体规划环境影响评价是提高土地利用总体规划的科学性和实现经济、社会、环境可持续发展的必然要求。文章在对国内外土地利用总体规划环境影响评价研究进展进行综述的基础上,对未来发展趋势进行了展望。研究表明,未来土地利用总体规划环境影响评价应加强3个方面的研究:①完善评价体系;②借鉴相关的评价方法;③完善环境评价的制度。

基于生态足迹理论的新疆土地利用总体规划环境影响评价研究

运用生态足迹模型分析新疆2002～2008年人均生态足迹和人均生态承载力的动态变化和影响生态足迹及生态承载力变化的主要因素,基于新疆现状生态水平评价,预测土地利用总体规划实施后,人均生态足迹将持续增长,生态赤字加剧,生态环境压力加大,并提出相应的规划建议。

鄂尔多斯市自然环境、社会经济环境对土地利用的影响

通过鄂尔多斯市自然环境、社会经济环境对土地利用的影响的分析研究,探讨区域实际情况对今后发展所产生的生态效益、经济效益对人类的生存关系,如何把握自然环境、社会经济环境对土地利用的影响。

土地利用规划环境影响评估在环境保护与国家政策实施中的作用

我国的经济正在迅猛的发展之中,社会城市化的进程需要越来越多的建设用地,作为发展民生的根本,土地是人类赖以生存和发展的物质基础,土地资源是有限的,因此需要对土地的利用情况进行整体的规划,以便利用土地时更具合理性,避免造成浪费。土地利用总体规划是实现严格的土地用途管制的纲领性文件,同时为土地宏观调控政策的落实以及城乡规划建设的实现、各种土地利用活动的统筹提供了重要的依据,土地利用规划环境影响评估通过对土地利用规划会产生的环境影响进行有效的预测和评估,从而为政府部门的决策提供参考,使土地利用的规划更具合理性,更好的实现生态效益以及社会效益的最大化。

汉江中下游水质时空特征与土地利用类型响应识别研究

人类活动干扰下的水环境过程演变是当前全球水安全面临的难点问题.汉江作为南水北调中线工程的重要影响区和水源区,在气候变化和人类活动双重影响下近十几年来水华频繁暴发,科学辨析土地利用类型影响下的汉江水环境质量演变特征,对于政府制定和实施水污染防治政策具有重要的现实意义.基于2011—2018年汉江中下游8个监测站点的7个主要水质指标〔pH、ρ(DO)、ρ(COD Mn)、ρ(BOD 5)、ρ(NH_(3)-N)、ρ(TP)、ρ(TN)〕448组连续野外监测数据,利用季节性曼肯达尔检验法、相关分析和冗余分析等多种数学统计分析方法,分析了汉江中下游的水质时空演变特征,分析了土地利用类型与水质变化的相关关系.结果表明:①时间特征上,2011—2018年汉江中下游总体水质呈好转趋势,丰水期污染物浓度高于枯水期,2013—2014年出现峰值,2015年以后水质逐渐变好.②空间特征上,水质从汉江中游至下游呈逐渐变差的趋势,由于2014年引江济汉工程的开通,水质在罗汉闸站点及下游有好转趋势.③总体上,农田和城镇用地与污染物浓度均呈显著正相关,最大解释度为0.27;林地、草地与污染物浓度均呈显著负相关,最大解释度为0.31.研究显示,汉江中下游水质有所改善,农田与城镇用地对于汉江中下游水质恶化影响较大,林地、草地等植被覆盖等由于存在一定的水源涵养功能和天然净化能力,可以对水污染起到一定的缓解作用.

基于CLUE-S和Dinamica EGO模型的土地利用变化及驱动力分析

为了探究中国土地利用变化驱动机制和未来土地利用状况,该文利用中国科学院资源环境科学数据库中的2000年和2005年土地利用数据,结合区域土地利用变化与影响模型CLUE-S(the conversion of land use and its effects at small regional extent)和面向地理过程动态环境模型Dinamica EGO(environment for geoprocessing objects)模拟2000-2020年中国土地利用状况,并借助于Logistic回归结果和贝叶斯估计结果,探讨了中国2000-2005年土地利用适宜性和土地利用变化的驱动力空间特征。以2005年土地利用数据对模拟结果进行验证表明,CLUE-S模型和Dinamica EGO模型在LUCC预测上与实际结果一致性较好,并且CLUE-S模型在预测总体精度上优于Dinamica EGO模型。但在土地利用变化类型的数量预测上,Dinamica EGO模型的Markov过程可以准确预测,并且Dinamica EGO模拟的土地利用变化在空间分布上与经验结果较一致。从2020年中国土地利用预测结果来看,耕地、林地、水域和建设用地将会增加,草地会出现大面积的缩减,未利用地在CLUE-S模型预测中出现增加,而在Dinamica EGO模型中减少。该文可为国土资源规划和耕地资源保护政策的制定提供科学依据。

县域土地利用规划环境影响评价

土地利用规划对社会经济的发展和生态环境都会产生深刻的影响,因此尽早地开展环境影响评价对于保证决策的正确性是十分必要的。县域土地利用规划环境影响评价是对县级土地利用规划实施后可能造成的环境影响进行分析、预测和评价,提出预防或缓解措施。本文以四川郫县为例,制定了县域土地利用规划环境影响评价的基本程序,并对郫县的土地利用开展了环境影响评价工作,还对其生态用地进行了分区。

基于DPSIR陇南市土地利用规划环境影响评价

从甘肃省陇南市土地利用总体规划修编出发,列出了规划目标,分析了陇南市土地利用现状,同时采用灰色预测法、趋势外推法、平均增长率法对陇南市各类土地利用类型规划面积进行了预测,来评价本轮土地利用总体规划的实施效果,结合环境影响评价的技术导则,对土地利用规划环境影响评价的评价程序、环境影响识别以及指标体系的建立等问题进行了探讨,建立了一套根据环境影响识别,并结合陇南市的具体情况确定的指标体系,划分为3个层次,即目标层A、准则层B和指标层C,其中指标层共包括20个评价因子,并在此基础上采用改进的熵值法确定了各指标的权重,为进一步开展土地利用规划的环境影响评价工作提供思路。

县域土地利用规划环境影响评价——以民乐县为例

从县域土地利用总体规划修编出发,分析民乐县土地利用现状,并采用灰色预测法、趋势预测法和综合增长法预测规划目标年的土地利用类型的面积。结合环境影响评价的技术导则,对土地利用规划环境影响识别和DPSIR模型指标体系的建立进行探讨,选用改进熵值法对民乐县土地利用规划环境影响进行评价。研究表明:2004年环境影响综合评价值为0.3382,到2008年和2009年增加达到0.3498和0.3506;至规划目标年2010年、2015年和2020年达到0.3549、0.3684和0.3819,比2008年提高了0.0051、0.0186和0.0321,增长率依次为:1.46%、5.32%和9.18%,其增长是逐年大幅度提高。显示评价指标能较好地预估土地利用规划方案的实施对环境、生态和土地资源的潜在影响,为规避土地利用调整可能出现的不良生态环境影响,提供有益的决策支持和参考。

Research on Regional Land Use Structure Change and Influencing Factors——A Case Study of Yining City in Xinjiang

This paper analyzes the land use status and land use structure change in 1995-2004 in Yining City, revealing that the agricultural land area has decreased rapidly, and construction land has increased dramatically. Moreover, this paper inves- tigates the relation of economy, urbanization, location, land system policy with land use structure, and puts forward rationalization proposal for optimization of land use structure, to provide reference for land use measurements in the future.

太湖平原河流水质时空演变及其驱动因素

根据2003、2009和2015年江苏太湖平原地区的水质数据分析其变化情况,并采用Spearman秩相关方法探讨了城镇用地对河流水质的影响。结果表明:江苏太湖平原地区城镇化进程迅速,且大部分为农用地转换而来;该地区河流水质整体呈现好转趋势;城镇用地占比与DO、TN质量浓度的相关系数在2015年最大,其中与DO质量浓度相关系数达到-0.633,城镇用地对水质整体状况有较大影响,且在2015年影响最大。

STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENT ON LAND-USE PLANNING-A Case Study of Changchun Economic and Technological Zone

The study centers on the necessity,t he workflowand the synthetically in tegrated methods(Principal Compo-nentAnalysis(PCA),AndyticalHierarchy Process(AHP)andFuzzy Comprerhensive Evaluatio n(FCE))ofstrategic environ-ment assessment (SEA)on land-use planning.The whole article includes three main parts:firstly,some attribute database,graphic-base and the spatial transform matrix,which reflect the change of regional land-use pattern,can be ob-tained by GIS technique;secondly,a dopting fitting method of trend-sur face analysis will convert environm ent monitoring data from scattered spots to regular control spots,based on which we can p erform regional environment impact assess-ment;finally,Changchun Economic a nd Technological Developmen Zone is chosen as a case study on land-use pla nning.Through those efforts the results ma y be obtained as follows:1)according to transform matrix,the p ossibility of transforma-tion from one land-use to another can be obtained after the planning is carried out;2)environment quality would change as a result of the change of land-use p attern;3)the SEA on land-use plan is an effecti ve tool to make land-use pattern more reasonable.

Comparative Analysis of Influence Factors on Arable Land Use Intensity at Farm Household Level:A Case Study Comparing Suyu District of Suqian City and Taixing City,Jiangsu Province,China

Using data from the farm household survey conducted in 2009,arable land use intensity(ALUI)and its influence factors at farm household level were investigated by the Tobit model.Suyu District of Suqian City and Taixing City of Jiansu Province,China were chosen as the regions for comparison.The results show that:1)On the average, the ALUI,labor intensity,yield-increasing input,and labor-saving input are 15 238.14 yuan(RMB)/ha,192 d/ha, 7233.01 yuan/ha,and 2451.32 yuan/ha in the less economically developed Suyu District,and 13 020.65 yuan/ha,181 d/ha,5871.82 yuan/ha,and 2625.97 yuan/ha in more economically developed Taixing City.The figures indicate that Suyu District has higher ALUI and labor intensity input but lower labor-saving input.2)Comparing all the influence factors,the total arable land area in available and average plot size have bigger effects on arable land intensive use;to a small degree,family′s non-farm income affects labor intensity,yield-increasing input,and labor-saving input;the yield-increasing input decreases significantly when the householder has higher education attainment;the commercialization rates of agricultural products and the planting proportion of cash crops both have unstable influence on ALUI; the share of arable land rented in has few impacts on labor intensity,yield-increasing input,and labor-saving input. 3)There are no differences found in the internal impact mechanism of influence factors on the arable land intensive use behaviors of farm households.However,there are conspicuous disparities in the impact degrees and statistical significance based on varying economic levels.4)Using the results as bases,this study proposes that the government should implement land management and agricultural policies according to local condition.And these policies should decrease land fragmentation to promote scale management of land and arable land use intensification.

Dynamics of land use change in a mining area:a case study of Nadowli District,Ghana

In a developing country like Ghana, the study of land use and land cover change(LULCC) based on satellite imageries still remains a challenge due to cost, resolution and availability with less skilled man power. Existing researches are skewed towards the southerly part of Ghana thereby leaving the Northern sectors uncovered. The maximum likelihood classification(MLC) algorithm was employed for the LULCC between 2000 and 2014 in Nadowli: an area characterized by an upsurge in mining in the Northern belt of Ghana. A spatial-social approach was utilized combining both satellite imagery and socio economic data. Land use transition matrix, land use integrated index/degree indices was used to depict the characters of the change. A semi structured interview, pair wise ranking and key informant interviews were used to correlate the socio economic impact of the different LULC. Overall changes in the landscape showed an increase in bare ground by 19.22%, open savannah by 16.8% whereas closed savanna decreased by 50%. Land use change matrix showed increasing trends of bare ground at the expense of vegetation. The integrated land use index highlighted the bare ground and built up areas rising with a decreasing closed vegetation woodlot. Large farm size are shrinking whiles majority of the people view mining as the main socio economic activity affecting the environment and the reduction in vegetation. This study therefore provides a strategic guide and a baseline data for land use policy actors in the Northern belt of Ghana. This will aid in developing models for future land use change implications in surrounding areas where mining is on the rise.

Learning taxis' cruising patterns with Ripley's K function

Taxi drivers' cruising patterns are learnt with GPS trajectory data collected in Shenzhen, China. By employing Ripley's K function, the impacts of land use and pick-up experience on taxis' cruising behavior are investigated concerning about both intensity of influence and radius of influence. The results indicate that, in general, taxi drivers tend to learn more from land use characteristics than from pick-up experience. The optimal radius of influence of land use points and previous pick-up points is 14.18 km and 9.93 km, respectively. The findings also show that the high-earning drivers or thorough drivers pay more attention to land use characteristics and tend to cruise in high-density area, while the low-earning drivers or focus drivers prefer to learn more from previous pick-up experience and select the area which is far away from the high-density area. These findings facilitate the development of measures of managing taxi's travel behavior by providing useful insights into taxis' cruising patterns. The results also provide useful advice for taxi drivers to make efficient cruising decision, which will contribute to the improvement of cruising efficiency and the reduction of negative effects.

The Extent of Land Use Impact on Water Regime in the Vseminka Catchment

The paper deals with the impact of land use changes on water regime. An assessment was carried out in order to determine the extent to which the main components of the water balance on the experimental catchment Vseminka have been influenced by land use changes （region Vsetinske Hills, the Czech Republic）. For this reason, the water balance model WBCM-5 was implemented for the period of 30 years in a daily step, with particular focus on the simulation of the components of direct runoff and of subsurface water recharge. In the selected years of the period 1980-2009, major changes were made in land use and significant fluctuation of rainfall-runoff regimes were observed （e.g. dry year 1992, flood year 1997 and normal year 2009）. After WBCM-5 parameter calibration it was observed that some water balance components can change in relation to substantial land use changes, even up to dozens of percent in a balance-consideration, i.e. in daily, monthly and yearly or decadal values, specifically as far as the components of interception and also of direct runoff and of subsurface water recharge are concerned. However, a different situation appeared during the investigation of significant short-term rainfall-runoff processes. There were about seven real flood events during the same period on the same catchment which were analysed using the KINFIL-2 model （time step 0.5 hr）. Land use change, positive or negative scenarios, were also analysed during this period. As opposed to long-term water balance analyses, only a 10% difference in the hydrograph peak and volume was observed. In summary, the authors have shown that it is always important to distinguish a possible land use change impact on either long-term balance or short-term runoff. Otherwise, as often found in over simplified commentaries on flood events in the mass media, the actual impact of land use changes on water regime may be misunderstood.

Study on the Non-point Source Pollution in the Upper and Middle Reaches of the Taoer River Basin

The Taoer River basin is the epitome in the west of Northeast China and it is one of the most fragile and sensitive ecoregions. Thus, protection of water quality of the Taoer River is important. Not only point source pollution but non-point source (NPS) pollution results in deteriorating water quality. In this study, long-term hydrologic impact assessment model was used to evaluate the impacts of land use change impacts on NPS pollution, and the replacement cost method was used to calculate the economic loss caused by NPS pollution. Through analyzing the NPS pollutant loads of different land categories and the economic loss, the article puts forward that there exists a close relationship between land-use types and NPS pollution, and agricultural pollution is the main component of the NPS pollution in this area. The results of this study can provide decision-making basis for agricultural development and land-use change.