土地利用质量综合评价的研究

通过对土地利用质量综合评价的研究 ,介绍了模糊综合评判法的数学模型的种类、评判结果的分析方法、隶属函数的确定及模糊矩阵的组成 ,并对评判方法所需的各种数据的处理给出详细说明。最后以某市某年的土地利用现状为例 ,评价了土地利用的质量 ,证明了采用模糊综合评判法评价土地利用质量的正确性和可行性。

第二轮土地延包30年政策下农村土地利用质量研究综述

本文从农村土地利用质量的内涵界定、影响因素、研究方法、研究数据以及必要性几个方面,梳理近年来学术界关于农村土地利用质量的国内外文献,认为:目前我国农村土地利用质量不高,对其内涵没有一致的界定;土地延包是顺应时代发展的,但偏重于质量评估工作,只有较少研究提出了具体可行的政策建议。

《广东省自然资源厅关于支持产业转移工业园用地提升土地利用质量效益的若干意见》解读

一、制定文件的背景根据《广东省人民政府关于修订一批文件的通知》(粤府函[2018]57号)要求,我厅承担了对《转发省国土资源厅关于支持产业转移工业园用地若干意见(试行)的通知》(粤府办[2005]72号)的文件修订工作,组织起草了《关于支持产业转移工业园用地提升土地利用质量效益的若干意见》(以下简称《意见》)。

近9a来乌鲁木齐河流域中上游土地利用/覆盖及其质量变化分析

以Landsat系列卫星遥感影像数据为基础,解译了2006、2010和2014年三期乌鲁木齐河流域中上游土地利用/覆盖信息,并以生长季内各月归一化植被指数(NDVI)的平均值表征土地利用/覆盖类型的质量状况,从土地利用/覆盖的空间分布和质量变化两方面对该地区进行了综合分析。结果表明:(1)近9 a间,乌鲁木齐河流域中上游林地面积基本保持不变,草地新增12.78 km^2,建设用地扩展了5.01 km^2,新开垦耕地3.84 km^2。(2)研究区土地利用/覆盖质量总体呈现微弱退化趋势,其中耕地退化最为严重,变化趋势为-1.5%·a^(-1),林地和自然草地的质量基本保持不变,而城市和道路绿化草地却呈现显著改善。(3)研究区土地利用/覆盖变化主要受人类活动干扰影响,植被的改善与退化共存,其中显著改善的区域占全区的5.92%,而显著退化的区域占全区的9.45%,显著退化的面积大于显著改善的面积。

提高土地利用质量能否降低碳排放?

本文基于Kaya等式分解建立土地利用对碳排放的影响分析框架,探究了提高土地利用质量对碳排放的影响机理,论证了土地粗放式利用与高质量利用两个阶段中,土地利用结构与强度对碳排放的影响机制,以及土地高质量利用通过促进产业结构高级化进而实现碳减排的中介机制。在方法方面,为了避免参数模型中的内生性问题和非参数模型中的维数诅咒,以及考虑不同城市的空间异质性,本文运用空间自适应半参数模型进行实证分析。理论与实证结果均证实了,土地高质量利用可协助土地应用体系的完善、土地利用水平的提升与碳排放水平的下降,从而减少单位土地的碳排放量。并且,土地高质量利用能够通过促进产业结构高级化从而实现碳减排。政府可以通过优化空间土地利用结构、创新空间土地治理模式促进土地高质量利用,以实现碳减排、促进经济清洁增长。

土地利用更新调查外业成果质量检查验收方法探讨

认为对农村土地利用现状更新调查工程项目的质量评定采用定性加定量的评定方法,结合检查过程中的经验,对土地利用更新调查外业成果质量检查验收方法进行了相关的探讨。

城市储备用地潜力预测研究

以南京市江宁区秣陵街道为研究对象,通过计算城市储备用地的利用强度与质量,估算了各块储备用地的潜力值,为储备用地的合理利用提供了指导依据。

Study on Influences of Different Land Use Types on Soil Qualities in Plateau Karst Depression

[Objective] The aim was to study influences of different land use ways on soil qualities in plateau karst depression.[Method] Different land use types were divided by topographic map of 1∶10 000 scales and soil properties of physics and chemistry were analyzed.[Result] The results showed that the variation trend of soil depth(A+B stratum)was slope plough(include returning farm to forest)land>natural forest land>planted forest land>shrub forest land,and relative indexes changing regularities of soil...

Assessing Sustainability of Land Management Using a Risk Identification Model

New Zealand is highly dependent on its soil resource for continued agricultural production. To avoiddepleting this resource, there is a need to identify soils and associated land management practices wherethere is a risk of soil degradation. Environmental integrity and ecosystem services also need to be maintained.Accordingly, to ensure sustainable production, the on- and off-site environmental impacts of land managementneed to be identified and managed. We developed a structural vulnerability index for New Zealand soils. Thisindex ranks soils according to their inherent susceptibility to physical degradation when used for agricultural(pasture, forestry and cropping) purposes. We also developed a rule-based model to assess soil compactionvulnerability by characterising the combined effects of resistance and resilience. Other soil attributes havebeen appraised using seven chemical, physical and biological indicators of soil quality. These indicators havebeen applied in a nation-wide project involving data collection from over 500 sites for a range of land uses.These soil quality data can be interpreted via the World Wide Web - through the interactive decision-support tool SINDI. The land-use impact model is a framework to assess agricultural land management andenvironmental sustainability, and may be applied to land units at any scale. Using land resource data andinformation the model explicitly identifies hazards to land productivity and environmental integrity. It utilisesqualitative expert and local knowledge and quantitative model-based evaluations to assess the potentialenvironmental impacts of land-management practices. The model is linked to a geographic informationsystem (GIS), allowing model outputs, such as the environmental impacts of site-specific best managementpractices, to be identified in a spatially explicit manner. The model has been tested in New Zealand in anarea of pastoral land use. Advantages of this risk identification model include: utilising current knowledge ofthe causes and effects of land-management practices on soil degradation; linking land management practiceto both on- and off-site environmental consequences; identifying important gaps in local knowledge; andproviding spatially explicit information on the environmental impact of land-management practices.

Micromorphology and Quality Attributes of the Loess Derived Soils Affected by Land Use Change:A Case Study in Ghapan Watershed,Northern Iran

In order to study the effects of different land vegetative covers on soil quality attributes, a loess hill slope was selected in eastern Golestan Province, Ghapan watershed, Iran. Four profiles in four land uses, including Quercus natural forest; Pinus artificial forest; Cupressus artificial forest and a cultivated land, were studied. Results showed that MWD was significantly different in the studied land uses, and it varied between 1.6 mm in Quercus natural forest and o.31 mm in cultivated land use. The lowest CEC, microbial respiration rate and organic carbon were 28.4 cmol·kg^1, 177 μgCO2·g^-1·day^-1 and 1.32 % found in cultivated land use, respectively. The organic matter was considerably higher content in the forest areas than that of cultivated land use. The studies on soil profile development revealed that the natural forest soils were highly developed. The soils of the Quercus natural forest were classified as Calcic Haploxeralfs with a well developed argillie horizon unlike the cultivated soils which showed the minimum development and classified as Typic Xerorthents. The soils of the artificial forests had both mollic epipedons and were classified as Typic Calcixerolls with moderate profile development. Micromorphological studies revealed that argillic horizons had speckled and partly crystallitic b-fabric in the natural forest indicating the high landscape stability. In contrast, the crystallitic b-fabric of other land uses shows the absence of enough leaching of carbonate and the subsequent migration of clay particles indicating the unstable conditions and high soil erosion. Intense erosion of the surface horizons of cultivated land use has resulted in the outcropping of the subsurface carbonate rich horizons preventing soil development.

Vulnerability to Desertification in Lebanon Based on Geo-information and Socioeconomic Conditions

Desertification caused by land degradation and overexploitation of natural resources is threatening large parts of eastern and southern Mediterranean. The actual state of desertification sensitivity in Lebanon was spatially assessed using site specific environmental bio-physical indicators, demographic pressure and socioeconomic conditions. Bio-physical assessment included the aridity index derived from integrated assessment of the historical data for 48 climatic stations spread throughout the country, the new detailed soil map at 1：50,000 scale, and the updated land cover/use map at 1：20,000 derived from IKONOS 2005. The methodology also included livelihood conditions and poverty at local administrative ＂Caza＂ level. Results showed the integrated impact of local climate, soil and vegetation quality and socioeconomic conditions on sensitivity to desertification. A total of 78% of the territories have low and very low climate quality index preconditioning the sensitivity to desertification. Fourteen Cazas out of 26 in total, representing more than 66% of the country, have low socioeconomic satisfaction index. Furthermore, negative trends are alleviated by good quality relict soils and vegetation cover. The actual extent of desertification covers 40.48% of the national territory, much of which occurs under semi-arid climate, moderate or low soil and vegetation quality and poor living conditions. The outcome of this research adjusted the previous coarse estimates of desertification prone areas at the national level. Results allow for realistic, policy oriented local assessment for responsive land use planning and proactive sustainable, national and local land management in the context of the national action plan to combat desertification.

Impact of Land Cover on Temperature and Moisture Sensitivity of Soil Organic Matter Mineralization in Subtropical Southeastern China

Understanding the temperature and moisture sensitivity of soil organic matter （SOM） mineralization variations with changes in land cover is critical for assessing soil carbon （C） storage under global change scenarios We determined the differences in the amount of SOM mineralization and the temperature and moisture sensitivity of soils collected from six land-cover types, including an orchard, a cropland, and four forests, in subtropical south- eastern China. The responses of SOM mineralization to temperature （5, 10, 15, 20, and 25~C） and moisture （30%, 60%, and 90% of water-holding capacity [WHC]） were investigated by placing soil samples in incubators. Soil C mineralization rate and cumulative C mineralization were higher in orchard and cropland soils than in other forest soils. With increasing temperature, soil C mineralization rates and cumulative C mineralization increased with the rise of WHCo The temperature sensitivity of soil C mineralization was not affected by land-cover type and incubation moisture. All soil temperature treatments showed a similar response to moisture. Cropland soil was more respon- sive to soil moisture than other soils. Our findings indicate that cropland and orchard soils have a higher ability to emit CO2 than forest soils in subtropical southeastern China.

Grain Production Driven by Variations in Farmland Use in China:An Analysis of Security Patterns

自从1978年改革开放以来,随着经济的迅速发展,中国的耕地利用格局发生了很大的变化。耕地数量和质量的变化直接导致粮食生产的变动。本文利用来自政府部门的农业统计数据,分析了1978-2004年间中国耕地利用水平的时空动态格局,并通过构建"粮耕弹性系数"来反映耕地利用变化与粮食生产的互动关系。研究结果表明:耕地投入的增加和质量的提升在一定程度上缓解了1978年以来我国耕地资源严重流失给粮食生产安全带来的压力;自改革开放以来,中国耕地利用水平呈现由经济快速发展带来的普遍性提升局面,并随着经济发展程度由东南沿海向内陆递减,耕地利用水平的提升速率也呈现由东南沿海向内陆梯级递减态势。然而,耕地集约利用程度的不断提升,并不一定会带来粮食产量的持续稳定增长。耕地集约利用增长的边际效用递减特性,使得中国粮食生产安全的保障已逐步由耕地集约利用水平的提升转向了耕地面积的保护,由此导致耕地资源的数量成为了左右粮食生产安全的关键,这也为当今中国制定严格的耕地保护目标和战略提供了现实的科学依据。

Spatio-temporal Changes in Wildlife Habitat Quality in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River from 1980 to 2100 based on the InVEST Model

The Yangtze River(YZR) regions have experienced rapid changes after opening up to economic reforms, and human activities have changed the land cover, ecology, and wildlife habitat quality. However, the specific ways in which those influencing factors changed the habitat quality during different periods remain unknown. This study assessed the wildlife habitat quality of the middle and lower YZR in the past(1980–2018) and in future scenarios(2050, 2100). We analyzed the relationships between habitat quality and various topological social-economic factors, and then mapped and evaluated the changes in habitat quality by using the Integrated Valuation of Environmental Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST) model. The results show that the slope(R = 0.502, P < 0.01, in 2015), elevation(R = 0.003, P < 0.05, in 2015), population density(R = –0.299, P < 0.01, in 2015), and NDVI(R = 0.366, P < 0.01, in 2015) in the study area were significantly correlated with habitat quality from 2000 to 2015. During the period of 1980–2018, 61.93% of the study area experienced habitat degradation and 38.07% of the study area had improved habitat quality. In the future, the habitat quality of the study area will decline under either the A2 scenario(high level of population density, low environmental technology input, and high traditional energy cost) or the B2 scenario(medium level of population density, medium green technology and lack of cooperation of regional governments). The results also showed that habitat in the lower reaches or north of the YZR had degraded more than in the middle reaches or the south of YZR. Therefore, regional development should put more effort into environmental protection, curb population growth, and encourage green technology innovation. Inter-province cooperation is necessary when dealing with ecological problems. This study can serve as a scientific reference for regional wildlife protection and similar investigations in different areas.

Pore Size Distribution as a Soil Physical Quality Index for Agricultural and Pasture Soils in Northeastern Iran

Assessment of soil quality is important for optimum production and natural resources conservation. Agricultural and pasture soil qualities of Deh-Sorkh region located at south of Mashhad, northeastern Iran were assessed using the integrated quality index (IQI) and Nemero quality index (NQI) models in combination with two datasets, i.e., total data set (TDS) and minimum data set (MDS). In this study 6 soil properties considered as MDS were selected out of 18 properties as TDS using principle component analysis. Soil samples were divided into 3 groups based on optimum ranges of 8 soil physical quality indicators. Soil samples with the most indicators at optimum range were selected as group 1 and the samples having fewer indicators at optimum range were located in groups 2 and 3. Optimum ranges of soil pore size distribution functions were also determined as soil physical quality indices based on 8 soil physical quality indicators. Pore size distribution curves of group 1 were considered as the optimum pore size functions. The results showed that relatively high organic carbon contents could improve pore size distribution. Mean comparisons of soil physical quality indicators demonstrated that mean weight diameter of wet aggregates, structural stability index, the slope of moisture retention curve at inflection point, and plant available water content in agricultural land use decreased significantly in relation to pasture land use. In addition, the results demonstrated that the studied MDS could be a suitable representative of TDS. 78% of pasture soils had the optimum pore size distribution functions, while this parameter for agricultural soils was only 13%. In general, the soils of the studied region showed high limitations for plant growth according to the studied indicators.

Spatial Distribution of Magnetic Properties and Selected Heavy Metals in Calcareous Soils as Affected by Land Use in the Isfahan Region,Central Iran

Anthropogenic activities have caused the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil environment. Pollution of the soils significantly reduces environmental quality and affects human health. In many recent studies, magnetic susceptibility ts have been used for pollution monitoring. The objective of this research was to determine the spatial variability of magnetic properties and selected heavy metals and the effect of land use on their variability in the surface soils of the Isfahan region, Central Iran. A total of 158 composite surface （0-5 cm） samples of calcareous soils were collected from an area of about 700 km2, located along a cross-border transect from Isfahan City to a steel plant, covering urban, industrial, agricultural, and uncultivated land uses. Concentrations of copper （Cu）, zinc （Zn）, lead （Pb）, manganese （Mn）, iron （Fe）, nickel （Ni）, chromium （Cr）, and cobalt （Co） and magnetic parameters, magnetic susceptibility at low frequency （xlf）, natural remanent magnetization （NRM）, saturation isothermal remanent magnetization （SIRM）, and isothermal remanent magnetization at the field of 100 mT （IRM100mT） and the backfield of 100 mT （IRM-100mT）, were measured in all the soil samples. Results showed that magnetic susceptibility in the urban and industrial land topsoils （0-5 cm） samples was significantly higher than that in the agricultural and uncultivated land soils in the study area. Concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, Mn, and Fe were positively correlated with magnetic properties （xlf, IRM100mT, SIRM, IRM-100mT, and NRM）, which could be attributed to their inputs from traffic emissions and industrial activities at the study sites. Ni and Cr concentrations showed significant negative correlations with magnetic properties. No significant correlation was found between Co concentration and magnetic parameters. The Tomlinson pollution load index （PLI） showed significant correlation with the magnetic properties （xlf, IRM100mT, SIRM, IRM-100mT, and NRM）. The spatial distribution of the selected heavy metals and xlf in the study area suggested that activities at the urban and industrial land sites caused greater pollution as compared to that at the study sites of other land uses. The concentrations of Cu and Zn seemed to have been affected by anthropogenic sources, whereas Ni, Cr, and Co were mainly controlled by natural sources in the study area. Moreover, the concentrations of soil Pb and Fe in the study area could be affected by both lithologic and anthropogenic sources. The magnetic parameters appeared to be a proxy measure for the degree of heavy metal contamination and could be a potential method for the detection and mapping of contaminated soils.

Impact of Land Use Changes on Habitat Quality in Altay Region

Altay region is located in the northern part of Xinjiang,and has complex and diverse internal geomorphic types,undulating terrain and a fragile ecosystem.Studying the impact of land use changes on habitat quality is of great significance to regional ecological protection and development,rational planning and utilization,and ensuring the sustainable development of the ecological environment.Based on the InVEST model,combined with land use panel data and topographic relief data of the Altay region,this paper studied the habitat quality from 1995 to 2018.The results show that cultivated land,water area and construction land increased gradually from 1995 to 2018,while grassland and unused land decreased.Forestland remained stable in the first five periods,but increased significantly in 2018.During 1995-2018,all land use types were transferred,mainly between cultivated land,forestland,grassland and unused land in the flat and slightly undulating areas.Poor habitat quality was dominant during 1995-2018.Habitat quality decreased significantly in 2015,which was related to the rapid expansion of cultivated and construction land as threat sources,as well as the decrease of forest and grassland as sensitive factors.However,habitat quality improved significantly in 2018,because a large amount of cultivated land and unused land were converted into forest land and grassland with high habitat suitability.Land use type has an important influence on habitat quality.The distribution characteristics of habitat quality for topographic relief types from good to bad were:large undulating area>medium undulating area>small undulating area>flat area>slightly undulating area.The findings of this study are of great significance for coordinating social,economic,and ecological development in this region and in similar areas.