Phytoremediation is becoming a cost-effective technology for the in-situ clean up of sites polluted with hydrophobic organic contaminants （HOCs）. The major factors limiting phytoremediation are the mass transfer, ra...Phytoremediation is becoming a cost-effective technology for the in-situ clean up of sites polluted with hydrophobic organic contaminants （HOCs）. The major factors limiting phytoremediation are the mass transfer, rate of plant uptake, and microbial biodegradation of HOCs. This article discusses the potential of surfactants to enhance desorption, plant uptake, and biodegradation of HOCs in the contaminated sites. Positive effects of surfactants on phytoremediation have been recently observed in greenhouse studies. The presence of some nonionic surfactants including polyoxyethylene sorbltan monooleate （Tween 80） and polyoxyethylene（23）dodecanol （Brij35） at relatively low concentrations resulted in significant positive effects on phytoremediation for pyrene-contaminated soil. However, the anionic surfactant （sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS） and the cationic surfactant （cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTMAB） were not useful because of their phytotoxicity or low efficiency for surfactant-enhanced phytoremediation （SEPR）. The mechanisms of SEPR for HOC-contaminated sites were evaluated by considering experimental observations. In view of concerns about the cost effectiveness and toxicity of surfactants to plants, more research is needed to enhance the use of SEPR technology.展开更多
The design and applications of a land information system built upon ARC/INFO and ArcView are presented. The proposed system not only maintains all the advantages of the more conventional implementations but also enhan...The design and applications of a land information system built upon ARC/INFO and ArcView are presented. The proposed system not only maintains all the advantages of the more conventional implementations but also enhances them in the following ways: 1) the application program interfaces (API) are used to transmit data and messages among different parts of the system; 2) the integrated system can support studies on land evaluations and ecological analyses by efficient management of attribute and spatial data and 3) correspondingly, spatial records and attributive records are linked by the same identifiers (ID). A case study application in Zigui County of the Three Gorges Area in China demonstrates that the system could employ land-use maps and land property data to predicate and analyze the land utilization changes in the past, present and future. The ecological environment analysis can be carried out with the data of land, economics and terrain map used, showing that the system can be widely applied, especially to survey land and environment resources in the countryside area.展开更多
The study centers on the necessity,t he workflowand the synthetically in tegrated methods(Principal Compo-nentAnalysis(PCA),AndyticalHierarchy Process(AHP)andFuzzy Comprerhensive Evaluatio n(FCE))ofstrategic environ-m...The study centers on the necessity,t he workflowand the synthetically in tegrated methods(Principal Compo-nentAnalysis(PCA),AndyticalHierarchy Process(AHP)andFuzzy Comprerhensive Evaluatio n(FCE))ofstrategic environ-ment assessment (SEA)on land-use planning.The whole article includes three main parts:firstly,some attribute database,graphic-base and the spatial transform matrix,which reflect the change of regional land-use pattern,can be ob-tained by GIS technique;secondly,a dopting fitting method of trend-sur face analysis will convert environm ent monitoring data from scattered spots to regular control spots,based on which we can p erform regional environment impact assess-ment;finally,Changchun Economic a nd Technological Developmen Zone is chosen as a case study on land-use pla nning.Through those efforts the results ma y be obtained as follows:1)according to transform matrix,the p ossibility of transforma-tion from one land-use to another can be obtained after the planning is carried out;2)environment quality would change as a result of the change of land-use p attern;3)the SEA on land-use plan is an effecti ve tool to make land-use pattern more reasonable.展开更多
Food safety is an important issue for the development of the national economy and society.Studying regional food supply and demand from the perspective of land resource carrying capacity can provide new references for...Food safety is an important issue for the development of the national economy and society.Studying regional food supply and demand from the perspective of land resource carrying capacity can provide new references for regional resource sustainability.This study uses the data from farmer and herdsmen household questionnaires,statistical data,land use data,and other sources to construct a land resource carrying capacity(LCC)assessment framework,targeting the food supply and demand of residents in representative areas,specifically the typical grassland pastoral areas,sandy pastoral areas and agro-pastoral areas on the Xilin Gol grassland transects.The three food nutritional indicators of calories,protein and fat were selected for analyzing the balance of land resource carrying capacity.We found that:1)Along the Xilin Gol grassland,the main local food supply showed a shift from meat and milk to grains,vegetables and fruits.2)From north to south along the grassland transects,the calorie intake increased gradually,while the intake of protein and fat was highest in pastoral areas and lowest in agricultural areas.3)The overall land resource carrying capacity of the Xilin Gol grassland transects was in a surplus state,but the land carrying capacity of typical grassland pastoral area was higher than the two other types of areas.This study provides an empirical reference for the sustainable development of regional food nutrition.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20507009)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET) of the Ministry of Education of China,the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province for Outstanding Young Scientist (No.BK2006518)and the International Foundation for Science (No.C/3958-1).
文摘Phytoremediation is becoming a cost-effective technology for the in-situ clean up of sites polluted with hydrophobic organic contaminants （HOCs）. The major factors limiting phytoremediation are the mass transfer, rate of plant uptake, and microbial biodegradation of HOCs. This article discusses the potential of surfactants to enhance desorption, plant uptake, and biodegradation of HOCs in the contaminated sites. Positive effects of surfactants on phytoremediation have been recently observed in greenhouse studies. The presence of some nonionic surfactants including polyoxyethylene sorbltan monooleate （Tween 80） and polyoxyethylene（23）dodecanol （Brij35） at relatively low concentrations resulted in significant positive effects on phytoremediation for pyrene-contaminated soil. However, the anionic surfactant （sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS） and the cationic surfactant （cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTMAB） were not useful because of their phytotoxicity or low efficiency for surfactant-enhanced phytoremediation （SEPR）. The mechanisms of SEPR for HOC-contaminated sites were evaluated by considering experimental observations. In view of concerns about the cost effectiveness and toxicity of surfactants to plants, more research is needed to enhance the use of SEPR technology.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 49801010) the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZ951-A1-202-02-01).
文摘The design and applications of a land information system built upon ARC/INFO and ArcView are presented. The proposed system not only maintains all the advantages of the more conventional implementations but also enhances them in the following ways: 1) the application program interfaces (API) are used to transmit data and messages among different parts of the system; 2) the integrated system can support studies on land evaluations and ecological analyses by efficient management of attribute and spatial data and 3) correspondingly, spatial records and attributive records are linked by the same identifiers (ID). A case study application in Zigui County of the Three Gorges Area in China demonstrates that the system could employ land-use maps and land property data to predicate and analyze the land utilization changes in the past, present and future. The ecological environment analysis can be carried out with the data of land, economics and terrain map used, showing that the system can be widely applied, especially to survey land and environment resources in the countryside area.
文摘The study centers on the necessity,t he workflowand the synthetically in tegrated methods(Principal Compo-nentAnalysis(PCA),AndyticalHierarchy Process(AHP)andFuzzy Comprerhensive Evaluatio n(FCE))ofstrategic environ-ment assessment (SEA)on land-use planning.The whole article includes three main parts:firstly,some attribute database,graphic-base and the spatial transform matrix,which reflect the change of regional land-use pattern,can be ob-tained by GIS technique;secondly,a dopting fitting method of trend-sur face analysis will convert environm ent monitoring data from scattered spots to regular control spots,based on which we can p erform regional environment impact assess-ment;finally,Changchun Economic a nd Technological Developmen Zone is chosen as a case study on land-use pla nning.Through those efforts the results ma y be obtained as follows:1)according to transform matrix,the p ossibility of transforma-tion from one land-use to another can be obtained after the planning is carried out;2)environment quality would change as a result of the change of land-use p attern;3)the SEA on land-use plan is an effecti ve tool to make land-use pattern more reasonable.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(41671517)The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0503700)The Strategic Priority Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA20010202)
文摘Food safety is an important issue for the development of the national economy and society.Studying regional food supply and demand from the perspective of land resource carrying capacity can provide new references for regional resource sustainability.This study uses the data from farmer and herdsmen household questionnaires,statistical data,land use data,and other sources to construct a land resource carrying capacity(LCC)assessment framework,targeting the food supply and demand of residents in representative areas,specifically the typical grassland pastoral areas,sandy pastoral areas and agro-pastoral areas on the Xilin Gol grassland transects.The three food nutritional indicators of calories,protein and fat were selected for analyzing the balance of land resource carrying capacity.We found that:1)Along the Xilin Gol grassland,the main local food supply showed a shift from meat and milk to grains,vegetables and fruits.2)From north to south along the grassland transects,the calorie intake increased gradually,while the intake of protein and fat was highest in pastoral areas and lowest in agricultural areas.3)The overall land resource carrying capacity of the Xilin Gol grassland transects was in a surplus state,but the land carrying capacity of typical grassland pastoral area was higher than the two other types of areas.This study provides an empirical reference for the sustainable development of regional food nutrition.
