Nowadays, mowing has an increasing role in the management of semi-natural and nature conservation areas. Semi-dry grasslands have been planted on cleared areas of forest in the Pannon Mountains, which would be reclaim...Nowadays, mowing has an increasing role in the management of semi-natural and nature conservation areas. Semi-dry grasslands have been planted on cleared areas of forest in the Pannon Mountains, which would be reclaimed by forest without use of the areas by humans. In our work we analysed cleared grasslands. The questions we tried to answer were which changes were caused by different land use, how favourable mowing can be for the purpose of grassland management and nature protection, do the composition of the plant species and the diversity vary within two years when conditions of precipitation are different. In four sampling areas, in 4 × 10 quadrats we registered the plant species and their cover values. We performed a site assessment in April, June and October, 2013-2014. We analysed the data by using cluster and ordination processes and we compared the sampling areas on the basis of the humidity preference and Shannon＇s index of diversity. According to the results, the composition of species and diversity on the analysed areas used for different purposes considerably deviate from each other. Further, we found a difference between two portions of the area whose had minor deviation in water management.展开更多
Mining is encroaching upon Protected Areas and Indigenous Reserves in the Colombian Amazon. In the Middle Caqueta region small-scale, illegal gold mining is eroding riverbanks, affecting water quality, and jeopardizin...Mining is encroaching upon Protected Areas and Indigenous Reserves in the Colombian Amazon. In the Middle Caqueta region small-scale, illegal gold mining is eroding riverbanks, affecting water quality, and jeopardizing the livelihoods of indigenous peoples. In addition, mining also threatens the integrity of pre-Columbian anthropogenic soils （terra preta） created between 500 years to 2,000 years B.P. on the bluffs of the Caqueta . River. These soils are the only, non-flooded fertile soils present in the region, and as such are important for local indigenous communities. In Colombia, there is little knowledge about Terra Preta soils. This work assesses the present and potential dangers artisanal mining has for terra preta soils and other natural resources that are central to indigenous peoples＇ food security. Results posit that more knowledge is needed about the way terra preta soils are related to the livelihoods of indigenous people so that informed policy decisions can be made about the desirability of mining in the region.展开更多
文摘Nowadays, mowing has an increasing role in the management of semi-natural and nature conservation areas. Semi-dry grasslands have been planted on cleared areas of forest in the Pannon Mountains, which would be reclaimed by forest without use of the areas by humans. In our work we analysed cleared grasslands. The questions we tried to answer were which changes were caused by different land use, how favourable mowing can be for the purpose of grassland management and nature protection, do the composition of the plant species and the diversity vary within two years when conditions of precipitation are different. In four sampling areas, in 4 × 10 quadrats we registered the plant species and their cover values. We performed a site assessment in April, June and October, 2013-2014. We analysed the data by using cluster and ordination processes and we compared the sampling areas on the basis of the humidity preference and Shannon＇s index of diversity. According to the results, the composition of species and diversity on the analysed areas used for different purposes considerably deviate from each other. Further, we found a difference between two portions of the area whose had minor deviation in water management.
文摘Mining is encroaching upon Protected Areas and Indigenous Reserves in the Colombian Amazon. In the Middle Caqueta region small-scale, illegal gold mining is eroding riverbanks, affecting water quality, and jeopardizing the livelihoods of indigenous peoples. In addition, mining also threatens the integrity of pre-Columbian anthropogenic soils （terra preta） created between 500 years to 2,000 years B.P. on the bluffs of the Caqueta . River. These soils are the only, non-flooded fertile soils present in the region, and as such are important for local indigenous communities. In Colombia, there is little knowledge about Terra Preta soils. This work assesses the present and potential dangers artisanal mining has for terra preta soils and other natural resources that are central to indigenous peoples＇ food security. Results posit that more knowledge is needed about the way terra preta soils are related to the livelihoods of indigenous people so that informed policy decisions can be made about the desirability of mining in the region.
