甘家湖湿地边缘带土地荒漠化演变中土壤颗粒分形特征

采用分形理论,研究了甘家湖湿地边缘带不同景观变化类型土壤颗粒体积分形维数的特征。结果表明,(1)从芦苇湿地边缘、胡杨林土、梭梭灌木林土、芦苇湿地、耕地周边、耕地到盐化草甸土的土壤粒径变化可以看出:湿地边缘带土壤荒漠化演变中砂粒含量在逐渐上升,粉粒、粘粒含量逐渐下降。这表明湿地边缘带人为的放牧、开垦、牛羊践踏对土壤产生了一定影响,使得土壤的细粒物质流失而发生粗粒化的演变。(2)体积分形维数的变化反映出:随着甘家湖湿地边缘带土壤荒漠化程度加剧,分形维数减小。分形维数由高到低依次为:芦苇湿地边缘、胡杨林土、梭梭灌木林土、芦苇湿地、耕地周边、耕地、盐化草甸土。在垂直剖面上耕地周边、耕地、盐化草甸土的土壤分形维数变化不大,而芦苇湿地边缘、胡杨林土、梭梭灌木林土、芦苇湿地土壤表层的分形维数大于中层和底层,说明放牧、牛羊践踏加速了土壤颗粒的分解,造成土壤表层粘粒含量较中层、底层的多。(3)体积分形维数与砂粒、粉粒和粘粒含量表现出不同的相关性。

Description of desertification evolution in Fuxin district of Liaoning province based on fractal theory

Desertification is the most serious environmental problem in the world today. Fractal feature of granularity composition was studied by using the fractal theory in view of desertification soil in Fuxin district, thereby evolution patterns of desertification was promulgated. The result shows that the self-formation degree of the developing desertification areas is higher than the relatively steady desertification areas. Evolution of desertification is beginning of forming sandy soil of framework composition, and then the sandy soil be came complex by the effect of environment, climate and anthropo-activity.