信江多流域土地利用空间负荷的河流氮磷输出响应

【目的】近年来流域水体污染问题日益突出,总氮和总磷已成为水体污染衡量指标之一,河流氮磷浓度变化在一定程度上受到流域土地利用的影响,为保障信江流域水环境安全,开展土地利用空间负荷的氮磷输出响应研究对判定流域养分流失风险级别、划定流域优先治理区、促进土地利用结构调整具有重大意义。【方法】选取信江流域的16个子流域作为研究区,利用2000年和2020年地表覆盖数据、高程数据、河网数据和2020年河流断面总氮与总磷监测数据,参考“源-汇”理论并利用洛伦兹曲线,构建土地利用空间负荷比指数,最后通过皮尔逊相关性分析,探讨流域氮磷输出与土地利用的时空关系。【结果】①相对高程、坡度、相对距离和综合的LWLI指数均值不超过0.3,表明流域当前土地利用的氮磷污染风险较低。②从三类空间要素对污染负荷贡献的角度来看,结果显示由大到小依次为LWLI_(s)、LWLI_(e)和LWLI_(d),表明相对高程和坡度对流域空间污染负荷的影响更为显著,因此,流域内位于中高海拔、坡度陡峭地区的土地利用类型应成为重点关注对象。③从“源-汇”地类结构和土地利用空间负荷的角度分析土地利用与氮磷输出的Pearson关系,发现土地利用空间负荷比指数同氮磷浓度的相关系数要比源汇地类面积结构的更高,存在更显著的相关性,能更有效表征流域的总氮、总磷流失量。【结论】从“源-汇”视角出发,将“源-汇”理论应用于流域土地利用空间负荷时空演变分析,定量分析多流域土地利用空间负荷与河流水质的关系,为水污染的治理和管理提供了有益的参考,可进一步为信江流域区划研究提供基础,为信江流域的水污染防治和土地利用结构调整优化提供借鉴经验,为信江流域改善生态环境和水质等方面提供决策支持。

黑龙江垦区畜禽粪污土地承载力分析

利用黑龙江垦区畜禽生产资料和数据,分析畜禽粪污土地负荷和畜禽粪污土地承载力的空间分布。结果表明,2016年黑龙江垦区畜禽粪便、尿、氮、磷的年排放总量分别为134.70×10^4t、214.62×10^4t、2.63×10^4t、0.39×10^4t,猪当量238.92×10^4t。2016年黑龙江垦区粪便耕地年负荷为1.15t/hm^2,远低于30t/hm^2的标准,说明黑龙江垦区畜禽粪便的污染程度较低且有广阔的消纳空间。

基于土地消纳能力的资溪县畜禽粪便环境承载力分析研究

畜禽养殖业的无序发展,将会对生态环境产生负面影响,科学评估区域畜禽养殖粪便承载能力,有利于科学规划畜禽养殖产业发展。以江西省资溪县为研究区域,对全县2021年规模化畜禽养殖场进行摸底调查,并分析年度畜禽粪便产生量、污染物产生量及流失量。结果表明:全县规模化养殖的畜禽种类主要为生猪养殖,约60.33%的畜禽粪便污染物来源于生猪,其次为肉牛养殖,占比约28.44%。基于2021年土地消纳能力分析各乡镇畜禽粪便环境承载力,结果显示:鹤城镇、嵩市镇、乌石镇、高田乡的单位面积猪粪当量负荷级数为Ⅱ级,说明该区域畜禽粪尿污染物对环境稍有影响;而高阜镇、株溪林场的负荷级数为Ⅲ级,说明该区域畜禽粪尿污染物对环境有一定影响,需重点关注。

生态高负荷土地快速渗滤系统处理猪场废水的效能及微生态

以经过厌氧反应器处理后的猪场废水为研究对象,探讨了新型生态高负荷土地快速渗滤系统对废水中COD、氨氮及总氮的去除情况;同时分析了该系统中的微生物群落结构以及过氧化氢酶、脲酶、硝酸盐还原酶的含量.结果表明,在水力负荷为11 cm·d^(-1)、进水COD为700 mg·L^(-1)左右的条件下,一级土地渗滤柱与二级土地渗滤柱对COD的去除率分别为78.8%与63.0%,总去除率达到了92.6%;而当水力负荷增大到22 cm·d^(-1)时,总的COD去除率仍在90.0%以上;该系统对于氨氮的去除更为显著,去除率可达99%左右.一级土地快速渗滤系统中上、中、下部的过氧化氢酶含量分别为1.899、0.990、0.323 m L·g^(-1),表明猪场废水中的有机物主要在该系统的上部与中部得以去除;二级土地快速渗滤系统上、中、下部的硝酸盐还原酶含量分别是3.453、3.831、1.971 m L·g^(-1),表明脱氮作用主要发生二级土地快速渗滤系统的上部与中部.该土地快速渗滤系统中微生物以Gram Negative与Gram Positive为主,特别是在二级土地快速渗滤系统中,AM Fungi与Actinomycetes占有一定比例,为猪场废水中难降解有机物的去除提供了保障.

巢湖地区地力现状和技术对策

１巢湖地区地力现状和问题我区东濒长江，环抱巢湖，总耕地面积２８８５５７０公顷，其中水稻土占８５％，中低产土壤约占６６％。改革开放２０年来，我区农业虽快速、稳定、健康发展，但也存在着一些必须克服的制约因素。一是实行立体种植，多熟栽培，全区复种指数达２１...

Combining CLUE-S and SWAT Models to Forecast Land Use Change and Non-point Source Pollution Impact at a Watershed Scale in Liaoning Province, China

Non-point source(NPS) pollution has become a major source of water pollution. A combination of models would provide the necessary direction and approaches designed to control NPS pollution through land use planning. In this study, NPS pollution load was simulated in urban planning, historic trends and ecological protection land use scenarios based on the Conversion of Land Use and its Effect at Small regional extent(CLUE-S) and Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT) models applied to Hunhe-Taizi River Watershed, Liaoning Province, China. Total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) were chosen as NPS pollution indices. The results of models validation showed that CLUE-S and SWAT models were suitable in the study area. NPS pollution mainly came from dry farmland, paddy, rural and urban areas. The spatial distribution of TN and TP exhibited the same trend in 57 sub-catchments. The TN and TP had the highest NPS pollution load in the western and central plains, which concentrated the urban area and farm land. The NPS pollution load would increase in the urban planning and historic trends scenarios, and would be even higher in the urban planning scenario. However, the NPS pollution load decreased in the ecological protection scenario. The differences observed in the three scenarios indicated that land use had a degree of impact on NPS pollution, which showed that scientific and ecologically sound construction could effectively reduce the NPS pollution load in a watershed. This study provides a scientific method for conducting NPS pollution research at the watershed scale, a scientific basis for non-point source pollution control, and a reference for related policy making.

Research on the Influence of Land Use Changing on Non-point Source Pollution in Heihe River Basin

Based on the exploring of SWAT model suitability in Hei River Basin, this paper analyze quantitatively and compare non-point source pollution loads occurred under different land use scene. At last, the following conclusion can be attained： （1） Land use change exerts tremendous influence on non-point source pollution. Since forest land can save water and reduce soil loss, which decreases greatly the source of non-point source pollution; （2） Strengthening land management and promoting reasonable land use, especially the over 15 degree slope farmland, will be the effective measure to control non-point source pollution and protect the quality of water in the Hei River basin; （3） The best land use situation in Hei River basin should be like the following modes： complying with national water source protection policy, gradual evacuation of river basin population, returning all the sloping farmland which is above 15 degree to forest land, allowing the existence of few farming land below 15 slope degree on the premise that the drinking water quality standard is reached, no unused land, good vegetation covering situation. At then, total nitrogen load is 13.25 kg, total phosphate load is 3.29 kg, which means it will not contaminate