吉林省中部平原区土壤有效态中微量元素的空间变异特征

运用地统计学方法结合GIS技术研究了吉林省中部平原农业区土壤中微量元素的空间分布特征,通过对数转化、域法处理和Box-Cox转化3种数据处理方法对土壤有效钙、有效镁、有效硼、有效铜和有效锌进行了正态分布性检验。结果表明,Box-Cox转化成功地使有效钙、有效镁、有效铜、有效锌含量数据更好地服从正态分布,而域法处理能使有效硼含量数据更好地服从正态分布,削弱了异常值的影响。应用地统计学分析方法进行了半方差函数的计算和最适合模型的拟合,得出各元素最好的理论模型,并绘制了各养分元素的空间分布图。半方差分析的结果显示,各元素具有中等空间相关性。

黑龙江松嫩平原土壤有效态中微量元素的空间分布特征

运用地统计学结合GIS技术研究了黑龙江松嫩平原农业区土壤中微量元素的空间分布特征,通过对数转化、域法处理和Box-Cox转化3种数据处理方法对土壤有效钙、有效镁、有效硼、有效铜和有效锌进行了正态分布性检验。结果表明,有效钙原始数据很好的服从正态分布,Box-Cox转化成功地使有效镁、有效硼、有效铜、有效锌含量数据更好的服从正态分布。应用地统计学分析方法进行了半方差函数的计算和最适合模型的拟合,得出各元素最好的理论模型,并绘制了各养分元素的空间分布图。半方差分析的结果显示,各元素具有中等空间相关性,并对造成现有空间分布特征的原因进行了分析。

长春市绿地土壤有效态中微量元素含量研究

为了解不同类型绿地土壤中微量元素含量和分布特征,以长春市公园绿地、广场绿地、道路绿地、学校绿地、工厂绿地和庭院绿地为对象,通过分层抽样采集0~30 cm厚度的表层土壤156个样品,对土壤中Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe、Cu、Na和B等元素的有效态含量进行测定和统计分析。结果表明:长春市绿地表层土壤中有效Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Na、B的含量分别为4635.53±516.28 mg·kg^(-1)、563.42±63.36 mg·kg^(-1)、5.42±1.20 mg·kg^(-1)、0.78±0.27 mg·kg^(-1)、2.55±0.28 mg·kg^(-1)、49.24±11.28 mg·kg^(-1)和0.38±0.10 mg·kg^(-1),Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe、Cu、Na和B的有效态含量在不同类型绿地之间具有明显变化。Pearson相关性分析显示,土壤有机质含量与Ca、Zn、Fe、Cu、B的有效态含量之间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与有效Mg含量呈显著负相关(P<0.05);pH与Zn、Fe、B的有效态含量之间呈显著负相关(P<0.05);土壤中微量元素之间也存在明显的相互作用。

小店区土壤的中微量元素现状分析

从2009年开始,太原市小店区在全区范围内实施了测土配方施肥项目。通过该项目的实施,基本摸清了小店区土壤的中、微量元素现状。全区耕地土壤的中、微量元素含量,有效硫平均值为152.67 mg/kg,有效铁平均值为15.76 mg/kg,有效锰平均值为13.85 mg/kg,有效铜平均值为2.64 mg/kg,有效锌平均值为4.05 mg/kg,有效硼平均值为0.91 mg/kg。并对中、微量元素含量的变化情况进行了分析,这对于正确判断土壤中、微量元素的供给情况具有十分重要的意义。

Micronutrient Contents of Citrus Orchard Soils in Southern China

Investigations were carried out on the micronutrient contents,of major citrus orchard soils (involving seven soil great groups in 8 provinces and an autonomous region of southern China),and an evaluation on the abundance and deficiency of available micronutrients in these soils was made in this paper.In southern China,citrus orchard soils derived from sandstone,sandy shale,Quaternary red clay,diluvial deposit,granite gneiss and neritic deposit were deficient in available Mo and B and low in Zn.Those developed on purple sandy shale,limestone and slope deposit were all in short supply of available Zn,B and Mo.Coastal solonchak was fairly abundant in B,but its available Fe,Zn and Mo contents were rather low.

Dynamics of Soil and Grain Micronutrients as Affected by Long-Term Fertilization in an Aquic Inceptisol

Micronutrient status in soils can be affected by long-term fertilization and intensive cropping.A 19-year experiment (1990-2008) was carried out to investigate the influence of different fertilization regimes on micronutrients in an Aquic Inceptisol and maize and wheat grains in Zhengzhou,China.The results showed that soil total Cu and Zn markedly declined after 19 years with application of N fertilizer alone.Soil total Fe and Mn were significantly increased mainly due to atmospheric deposition.Applications of P and organic fertilizer with incorporation of straws resulted in dramatic increases in soil total Cu,Zn,Fe,and Mn.Soil diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable Cu in all treatments sharply decreased from initially 1.12 to about 0.8 mg kg -1 .The treatments with organic fertilizer had the highest soil DTPA-extractable Cu,Zn,Fe,and Mn after 19 years of cropping and fertilization,thus demonstrating the important role of organic fertilizer application in improving available micronutrient status.Cu and Zn contents in wheat grains in the no-P treatments were significantly higher than those of the treatments with P application.In addition,Fe and Mn contents in wheat grains were positively correlated with their soil DTPA-extractable concentrations.These indicated that the long-term application of organic fertilizer resulted in significant increases in soil total and available micronutrient concentrations and remarkable reduction in wheat grain Cu and Zn contents,which was due to high soil available P.

Assessment of Methods for Determining Bioavailability of Trace Elements in Soils: A Review

Trace element-contaminated soils(TECSs) are one of the consequences of the past industrial development worldwide. Excessive exposure to trace elements(TEs) represents a permanent threat to ecosystems and humans worldwide owing to the capacity of metal(loid)s to cross the cell membranes of living organisms and of human epithelia, and their interference with cell metabolism.Quantification of TE bioavailability in soils is complicated due to the polyphasic and reactive nature of soil constituents. To unravel critical factors controlling soil TE bioavailability and to quantify the ecological toxicity of TECSs, TEs are pivotal for evaluating excessive exposure or deficiencies and controlling the ecological risks. While current knowledge on TE bioavailability and related cumulative consequences is growing, the lack of an integrated use of this concept still hinders its utilization for a more holistic view of ecosystem vulnerability and risks for human health. Bioavailability is not generally included in models for decision making in the appraisal of TECS remediation options. In this review we describe the methods for determining the TE bioavailability and technological developments, gaps in current knowledge, and research needed to better understand how TE bioavailability can be controlled by sustainable TECS management altering key chemical properties, which would allow policy decisions for environmental protection and risk management.