土壤改良物质对沙基质草坪养分流失和匍匐剪股颖生长的影响

沙基质的耐踩踏草坪对水分和营养的吸持能力较弱,研究探讨了在沙基质中添加不同土壤改良剂对草坪养分流失的控制效果及其对草坪生长的影响。结果表明,在沙基质中添加5种土壤改良物质均能显著削减草坪的总氮、硝态氮和钾的流失,提升草坪对营养元素的吸持能力,并促进匍匐剪股颖的生长。不同土壤改良物质之间存在显著差异,添加珍珠岩和草炭的处理对氮和钾的吸持与养分流失的控制方面效果最好,添加煅烧粘土和草炭的处理则对匍匐剪股颖生长的促进效果最好。珍珠岩和煅烧粘土的合适配比有望取代资源逐渐枯竭的草炭应用于沙基质草坪的性能改良中。

不同土壤改良物质对越桔叶片酶活性影响的研究

黑土中加入有机物料和硫磺粉(S),对越桔叶片的过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、硝酸还原酶都产生显著影响,不同处理有较大差异,其中,加入苔藓、苔藓和草炭及只加入1.5kgS-2kgS的处理,叶片的过氧化氢酶活性较高,过氧化物酶和硝酸还原酶活性较低,叶片生长发育良好。

生物质土壤改良剂对灌木树种出苗及存活率的影响

将生物质土壤改良剂与风沙土以不同配比率(15%,25%,35%,45%)混合作为基质土,播种霸王、小叶锦鸡儿、杨柴、蒙古扁桃4种灌木树种,进行生长期的观测,同时以风沙土和同配比率的羊粪基质分别做了对比试验,以探究生物质土壤改良剂对4种灌木树种出苗及存活率的影响。结果表明:(1)与风沙土相比,不同配比的生物质改良剂基质土对4种灌木树种的出苗率、存活率均有不同程度的提高,但对出苗期影响不大。其中,霸王、小叶锦鸡儿、杨柴、蒙古扁桃的出苗率增幅分别为29. 63%～40. 74%、42. 86%～71. 43%、13. 64%～31. 82%、5%～45%;存活率提高幅度分别为2. 8～6. 6倍、3. 11～5. 46倍、2. 59～4. 21倍,对照组内的蒙古扁桃全部死亡,显著低于生物质土壤改良剂处理组。(2)与羊粪相比,生物质土壤改良剂对4种供试植物出苗及存活率均有不同程度的提高,配比在25%和35%时,对小叶锦鸡儿、杨柴的提高效果较为显著。

微矿分离:煤炭清洁化与土壤改良的新契机

报道一种新型的矿物分离技术.该技术集成了磨矿、分离、颗粒级配和土壤改良技术,是结合微纳米科学与材料加工技术等开发的一种多学科交叉的能源化工创新性技术.利用此技术可以高效地选择性脱除含碳材料源中的微量元素及矿物质,制备出清洁固体燃料(clean solid fuel,CSF)、清洁类液体燃料(pseudo liquid fuel,PLF)以及土壤改良矿物质(soil remediation minerals,SRM),简称为微矿分离(RMS)技术.该技术主要包括4个工艺步骤:(1)基于矿物嵌布形态解构,采用流体磨实现碳质组分与无机组分的高效解离;(2)采用颗粒表面改性、多相流界面调控及专用助剂等将碳质颗粒和无机颗粒高效分离;(3)分离之后形成的碳质颗粒流,脱水制成CSF,或者进入PLF制备单元,同时无机颗粒流经脱水制成SRM;(4)采用多峰级配将碳质颗粒制成高浓度PLF.RMS工艺技术经小试和工业放大试验,已完成工业放大验证,可燃体回收率大于80%的同时CSF灰分小于7%.SRM制成的天然矿物质肥料和土壤改良剂,可有效缓解表土流失问题,提高植被及作物产量,通过植物及土壤增量固碳,进而达到碳中和目的.RMS技术可生产低成本的清洁燃料并可实现煤基固废的资源化利用,为煤炭的高效清洁化利用和CO2减排提供了可靠的途径.

Effects of Biochar on Tobacco-planting Soil Improvement and Tobacco Quality in Mudanjiang Area

This study was conducted to study the feasibility of biochar in soil im- provement and tobacco quality. The black soil in NinganCountry of Mudanjiang was used as the material in this study, and the effects of biochar on tobacco-planting soil C/N, soil microorganisms, the development of tobacco, and chemical compo- nents and neutral aroma components in flue-cured tobacco werestudied. The results showed that the application of biochar at a rate of 1 800 kg/hm2 could increase soil C/N by 31.79%, and the quantity of actinomycetes in the soil was 3.8 times as much as that in control. The growth wasobviously better after biochar application, plant height and effective leaf number were significantly higher than those ofcontrol, but total sugar and nicotine were not significantly different. The application of biochar at a rate of 1 200 kg/hm2 increased the potassium content by 11%, the application of biochar at a rate of 2 400 kg/hm2 improved total sugar content by 5.40%, and the application of biochar at a rate of 1 800 kg/hm2 made the tobacco solanone content 1.97 times as that of control. Comprehensive studies showed that the application of biochar 1 200-1 800 kg/hm2 could improvesoilenvironment, and promote tobacco growth and quality.

Improvement of Soil Physical Properties with Soil Con-ditioners

Effects of non-ionic polyacrylamide(PAM), anionic polyacrylamide(PHP), cationic polyacrylamide (PCA-M), non-ionic polyvinylalcohol(PVA), anionic hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile(HPAN) and polyethyleneoxide(PE-O) on the physical properties of three different soil types were studied. Content of water-stable aggregateslarger than 0.25 mm increased to varying extents for different soils and soil conditioners. Among the sixkinds of conditioners, non-ionic polyacrylamide(PAM) was the most effective for red soil while polyethyle-neoxide(PEO) the least effective for Chao soil, red soil and yellow-brown soil. Water-stable aggregatesincreased with the rates of PEO and PAM application (except for PEO treatment of yellow-brown soil) andwith the molecular weight of PEO within a certain range. Only evaporation rate of Chao soil decreased afterapplication of PAM and HPAN to Chao soil and red soil.