It has been studied restoration processes in oil products-polluted soils at high northern latitudes （the Murmansk region, Russia）. Mineral and organic fertilizers and a bacterial preparation （based on the local str...It has been studied restoration processes in oil products-polluted soils at high northern latitudes （the Murmansk region, Russia）. Mineral and organic fertilizers and a bacterial preparation （based on the local strains of hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria） were applied for restore polluted soils. Periods of removing OP （oil products） from soil were determined by the reduction of the pollutant concentration and by soil biological activities--the dynamics of bacteria number and CO2 emission from soil. The soil OP even at such a high concentration （as 10 L/m^2） had stimulated bacterial reproduction. In three summer month levels in the control variant without ameliorators of OP content decreased by 59% from the initial level, in the variant with mineral and organic fertilizers by 86%, in the variant with the bacterial preparation by 84%. Stimulating of indigenous microorganisms activity with additional nutrients was no less effective technique of OP-polluted soil bioremediation, than applying the bacterial preparation, which requires considerable financial investment. Moderately contaminated of OP soil is a source of additional carbon dioxide emission in the atmosphere. Pollution soil with OP caused for increasing of share of potentially pathogenic fungi in the fungal community.展开更多
Metal contamination in the environment is a global concern due to its high toxicity to living organisms and its worldwide distribution. The principal goal of this review is to examine the current strategies and techno...Metal contamination in the environment is a global concern due to its high toxicity to living organisms and its worldwide distribution. The principal goal of this review is to examine the current strategies and technologies for the remediation of metal- contaminated soils by metal-accumulating plants and assess the roles of arbnscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi in remediation of soils under hyperaccumulator or non-accumulator plants. The use of plants to remove metals from the environment or reduce the toxicity, known as phytoremediation, is an environmentally sustainable and low cost remediation technology. The mechanisms of the use of hyperaccumulator plants for phytoremediation included solubilization of the metal in the soil matrix, the plant uptake of the metal, detoxification/chelation and sequestration, and volatilization. Recently, some ecologists have found that phytoremediation with the aids of mycorrhizae can enhance efficiency in the removal of toxic metals. AM fungi can facilitate the survival of their host plants growing on metal-contaminated land by enhancing their nutrient acquisition, protecting them from the metal toxicity, absorbing metals, and also enhancing phytostabilization and phytoextraction. Such information may be useful for developing phytoremediation program at metal-contaminated sites.展开更多
This paper presents a review of soil contamination resulting from e-waste recycling activities, with a special focus on China, where many data have been collected for a decade. Soils in the e-waste areas are often con...This paper presents a review of soil contamination resulting from e-waste recycling activities, with a special focus on China, where many data have been collected for a decade. Soils in the e-waste areas are often contaminated by heavy metals and organic compounds, mainly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs）, polybrominated diphenyl ethers （PBDEs）, polychlorinated and polybrominated biphenyls （PCBs and PBBs）, dechlorane plus （DP）, hexabromocyclododecanes （HBCDs）, polychlorinated and polybrominated dibenzo- p-dioxins （PCDDs and PBDDs）, and polychlorinated and polybrominated dibenzofurans （PCDFs and PBDFs）, while other compounds, not systematically monitored, can be found as well. Pollutants are generally present in mixtures, so pollution situations are complex and diversified with a gradient of contamination from agricultural soils to hot spots at e-waste sites and mainly in open burning areas. It has been proved that pollutants were transferred to the food chain via rice in China, and that the population was threatened since high levels of various pollutants were detected in blood, placentas, hair, etc., of residents of e-waste sites. Eventually, soil remediation techniques are reviewed. Although there are many available techniques devoted to heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants, the current techniques for the e-waste sites, where these contaminants coexist, are very sparse. Phytoremediation has been investigated and co-cropping appears as a promising approach for the slightly contaminated agricultural soils. In some cases, different remediation techniques should be combined or trained, while the influence of coexisting contaminants and the removal sequence of contaminants should be considered. In hot spots, physical and chemical techniques should be used to reduce high pollution levels to prevent further pollutant dissemination. This review highlights the urgent needs for 1） characterization of pollution status in all the countries where e-wastes are recycled, 2） research on fate and toxicity of pollutant mixtures, and 3） development of combined techniques and strategies to remediate agricultural fields and hot spots of pollution.展开更多
Aims Soil lead contamination has become increasingly serious and phytoremediation can provide an effective way to reclaim the contaminated soils.This study aims to examine the growth,lead resistance and lead accumulat...Aims Soil lead contamination has become increasingly serious and phytoremediation can provide an effective way to reclaim the contaminated soils.This study aims to examine the growth,lead resistance and lead accumulation of mulberry(Morus alba L.)seedlings at four levels of soil lead contamination with or without biochar addition under normal or alternative partial root-zone irrigation(APRI).Methods We conducted a three-factor greenhouse experiment with biochar(with vs.without biochar addition),irrigation method(APRI vs.normal irrigation)and four levels of soil lead(0,50,200 and 800 mg·kg^(-1)).The performance of the seedlings under different treatments was evaluated by measuring growth traits,osmotic substances,antioxidant enzymes and lead accumulation and translocation.Important Findings The results reveal that mulberry had a strong ability to acclimate to soil lead contamination,and that biochar and APRI synergistically increased the biomass and surface area of absorption root across all levels of soil lead.The seedlings were able to resist the severe soil lead contamination(800 mg·kg^(-1) Pb)by adjusting glutathione metabolism,and enhancing the osmotic and oxidative regulating capacity via increasing proline content and the peroxidase activity.Lead ions in the seedlings were primarily concentrated in roots and exhibited a dose–effect associated with the lead concentration in the soil.Pb,biochar and ARPI interactively affected Pb concentrations in leaves and roots,translocation factor and bioconcentration.Our results suggest that planting mulberry trees in combination with biochar addition and APRI can be used to effectively remediate lead-contaminated soils.展开更多
文摘It has been studied restoration processes in oil products-polluted soils at high northern latitudes （the Murmansk region, Russia）. Mineral and organic fertilizers and a bacterial preparation （based on the local strains of hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria） were applied for restore polluted soils. Periods of removing OP （oil products） from soil were determined by the reduction of the pollutant concentration and by soil biological activities--the dynamics of bacteria number and CO2 emission from soil. The soil OP even at such a high concentration （as 10 L/m^2） had stimulated bacterial reproduction. In three summer month levels in the control variant without ameliorators of OP content decreased by 59% from the initial level, in the variant with mineral and organic fertilizers by 86%, in the variant with the bacterial preparation by 84%. Stimulating of indigenous microorganisms activity with additional nutrients was no less effective technique of OP-polluted soil bioremediation, than applying the bacterial preparation, which requires considerable financial investment. Moderately contaminated of OP soil is a source of additional carbon dioxide emission in the atmosphere. Pollution soil with OP caused for increasing of share of potentially pathogenic fungi in the fungal community.
基金Supported by the Research Grant Council,Hong Kong SAR,China
文摘Metal contamination in the environment is a global concern due to its high toxicity to living organisms and its worldwide distribution. The principal goal of this review is to examine the current strategies and technologies for the remediation of metal- contaminated soils by metal-accumulating plants and assess the roles of arbnscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi in remediation of soils under hyperaccumulator or non-accumulator plants. The use of plants to remove metals from the environment or reduce the toxicity, known as phytoremediation, is an environmentally sustainable and low cost remediation technology. The mechanisms of the use of hyperaccumulator plants for phytoremediation included solubilization of the metal in the soil matrix, the plant uptake of the metal, detoxification/chelation and sequestration, and volatilization. Recently, some ecologists have found that phytoremediation with the aids of mycorrhizae can enhance efficiency in the removal of toxic metals. AM fungi can facilitate the survival of their host plants growing on metal-contaminated land by enhancing their nutrient acquisition, protecting them from the metal toxicity, absorbing metals, and also enhancing phytostabilization and phytoextraction. Such information may be useful for developing phytoremediation program at metal-contaminated sites.
文摘This paper presents a review of soil contamination resulting from e-waste recycling activities, with a special focus on China, where many data have been collected for a decade. Soils in the e-waste areas are often contaminated by heavy metals and organic compounds, mainly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs）, polybrominated diphenyl ethers （PBDEs）, polychlorinated and polybrominated biphenyls （PCBs and PBBs）, dechlorane plus （DP）, hexabromocyclododecanes （HBCDs）, polychlorinated and polybrominated dibenzo- p-dioxins （PCDDs and PBDDs）, and polychlorinated and polybrominated dibenzofurans （PCDFs and PBDFs）, while other compounds, not systematically monitored, can be found as well. Pollutants are generally present in mixtures, so pollution situations are complex and diversified with a gradient of contamination from agricultural soils to hot spots at e-waste sites and mainly in open burning areas. It has been proved that pollutants were transferred to the food chain via rice in China, and that the population was threatened since high levels of various pollutants were detected in blood, placentas, hair, etc., of residents of e-waste sites. Eventually, soil remediation techniques are reviewed. Although there are many available techniques devoted to heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants, the current techniques for the e-waste sites, where these contaminants coexist, are very sparse. Phytoremediation has been investigated and co-cropping appears as a promising approach for the slightly contaminated agricultural soils. In some cases, different remediation techniques should be combined or trained, while the influence of coexisting contaminants and the removal sequence of contaminants should be considered. In hot spots, physical and chemical techniques should be used to reduce high pollution levels to prevent further pollutant dissemination. This review highlights the urgent needs for 1） characterization of pollution status in all the countries where e-wastes are recycled, 2） research on fate and toxicity of pollutant mixtures, and 3） development of combined techniques and strategies to remediate agricultural fields and hot spots of pollution.
基金funded by the Innovative Foundation of Mulberry and Silkworm Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(16JK005).
文摘Aims Soil lead contamination has become increasingly serious and phytoremediation can provide an effective way to reclaim the contaminated soils.This study aims to examine the growth,lead resistance and lead accumulation of mulberry(Morus alba L.)seedlings at four levels of soil lead contamination with or without biochar addition under normal or alternative partial root-zone irrigation(APRI).Methods We conducted a three-factor greenhouse experiment with biochar(with vs.without biochar addition),irrigation method(APRI vs.normal irrigation)and four levels of soil lead(0,50,200 and 800 mg·kg^(-1)).The performance of the seedlings under different treatments was evaluated by measuring growth traits,osmotic substances,antioxidant enzymes and lead accumulation and translocation.Important Findings The results reveal that mulberry had a strong ability to acclimate to soil lead contamination,and that biochar and APRI synergistically increased the biomass and surface area of absorption root across all levels of soil lead.The seedlings were able to resist the severe soil lead contamination(800 mg·kg^(-1) Pb)by adjusting glutathione metabolism,and enhancing the osmotic and oxidative regulating capacity via increasing proline content and the peroxidase activity.Lead ions in the seedlings were primarily concentrated in roots and exhibited a dose–effect associated with the lead concentration in the soil.Pb,biochar and ARPI interactively affected Pb concentrations in leaves and roots,translocation factor and bioconcentration.Our results suggest that planting mulberry trees in combination with biochar addition and APRI can be used to effectively remediate lead-contaminated soils.
