The regional objective ET (Evapotranspiration) is a new concept in water resources research,which refers to the total amount of water that could be exhausted from a region in the form of vapor per year. The objective-...The regional objective ET (Evapotranspiration) is a new concept in water resources research,which refers to the total amount of water that could be exhausted from a region in the form of vapor per year. The objective-ET based water resources management allocates water to different regions in terms of ET. It controls the water exhausted from a region to meet the objective ET. The regional objective ET must be adapted to fit the region’s local available water resources. By improving the water utilization effi-ciency and reducing the unrecoverable water in the social water circle,it is saved so that water related production is maintained or even increased under the same water consumption conditions. Regional water balance is realized by rationally deploying the available water among different industries,adjusting industrial structures,and adopting new water-saving technologies,therefore to meeting the requirements for groundwater conservation,agricultural income stability,and avoiding environmental damages. Furthermore,water competition among various departments and industries (including envi-ronmental and ecological water use) may be avoided. This paper proposes an innovative definition of objective ET,and its principles,sub-index systems. Besides,a computational method for regional ob-jective ET is developed by combining the distributed hydrological model and the soil moisture model.展开更多
Based on important factors that affect soil moisture spatialdistribution, such as the slope gradients, land use, vegetation cover, and surface water diffusion characteristics together with field measurements of soil m...Based on important factors that affect soil moisture spatialdistribution, such as the slope gradients, land use, vegetation cover, and surface water diffusion characteristics together with field measurements of soil moisture data obtained from the surface soil under different land use struc-tures, a soil moisture spatial distribution model was established. The diffusion degree coefficient of surface water for different vegetations was estimated from soil moisture values obtained from field measurements. The model can be solved using the finite unit method. The soil moisture spatial distribution on the hill slopes in the Loess Plateau were simulated by the model. A comparison of the simulated values with measurement data shows that the model is a good fit.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No.2006CB403401)National Natural Science Fundation of China (Grant No.50721006)
文摘The regional objective ET (Evapotranspiration) is a new concept in water resources research,which refers to the total amount of water that could be exhausted from a region in the form of vapor per year. The objective-ET based water resources management allocates water to different regions in terms of ET. It controls the water exhausted from a region to meet the objective ET. The regional objective ET must be adapted to fit the region’s local available water resources. By improving the water utilization effi-ciency and reducing the unrecoverable water in the social water circle,it is saved so that water related production is maintained or even increased under the same water consumption conditions. Regional water balance is realized by rationally deploying the available water among different industries,adjusting industrial structures,and adopting new water-saving technologies,therefore to meeting the requirements for groundwater conservation,agricultural income stability,and avoiding environmental damages. Furthermore,water competition among various departments and industries (including envi-ronmental and ecological water use) may be avoided. This paper proposes an innovative definition of objective ET,and its principles,sub-index systems. Besides,a computational method for regional ob-jective ET is developed by combining the distributed hydrological model and the soil moisture model.
基金This work was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.49725101) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX2-405). The authors thank Mr. Michael F. Dadd from U.K. for improving the English of the manuscri
文摘Based on important factors that affect soil moisture spatialdistribution, such as the slope gradients, land use, vegetation cover, and surface water diffusion characteristics together with field measurements of soil moisture data obtained from the surface soil under different land use struc-tures, a soil moisture spatial distribution model was established. The diffusion degree coefficient of surface water for different vegetations was estimated from soil moisture values obtained from field measurements. The model can be solved using the finite unit method. The soil moisture spatial distribution on the hill slopes in the Loess Plateau were simulated by the model. A comparison of the simulated values with measurement data shows that the model is a good fit.
