Assessment of acid sulfate soil risk is an important step for acid sulfate soil management and its reliability depends very much on the suitability and accuracy of various analytical methods for estimating sulfide-der...Assessment of acid sulfate soil risk is an important step for acid sulfate soil management and its reliability depends very much on the suitability and accuracy of various analytical methods for estimating sulfide-derived potential acidity, actual acidity and acid-neutralizing capacity in acid sulfate soils. This paper critically reviews various analytical methods that are currently used for determination of the above parameters, as well as their implications for environmental risk assessment of acid sulfate soi1s.展开更多
探究农药施用数量、方式对果园土壤农药残留的影响可以为果树栽培农药减施提供依据。针对陕西长武苹果产区的高频施用农药类型,在4月(花期)和8月(套袋期)对11种农药土壤残留浓度进行了调查。研究结果表明,表层土壤的农药残留浓度范围为N...探究农药施用数量、方式对果园土壤农药残留的影响可以为果树栽培农药减施提供依据。针对陕西长武苹果产区的高频施用农药类型,在4月(花期)和8月(套袋期)对11种农药土壤残留浓度进行了调查。研究结果表明,表层土壤的农药残留浓度范围为N/D^887.9 ng g^-1dw,检出率均大于78%,其中8种农药的表层土壤残留检出率为100%。喷施吡虫啉和戊唑醇会在短期内显著提升表层土壤该两种农药残留水平。由于农户喷施农药行为具有相似性,致使在4月和8月试验区和对照区的土壤残留特征相似,农药残留不同月份的差异主要受到农户用药习惯和用药量的影响。农药主要残留于表层(0~5 cm)土壤。因喷施过程中农药更多地落到树木覆盖稀疏地面,故试验区和对照区果园地面农药残留均呈点状分布,致使表层土壤和残留聚集点具有更高的生态风险。在11种常用农药中,吡虫啉和多菌灵的浓度较低、但生物(蚯蚓)毒性大,使计算得到的风险商(RQ)值大于1,成为环境风险高于其他农药的种类。展开更多
Chlorobenzenes （CBs） are a group of organic pollutants that pose a high environmental risk due to their toxicity, persistence and possible transfer in the food chain. Available data in literature show that CBs axe d...Chlorobenzenes （CBs） are a group of organic pollutants that pose a high environmental risk due to their toxicity, persistence and possible transfer in the food chain. Available data in literature show that CBs axe detected in different environmental compartments such as soil, water, air and sediment. The widespread presence of CBs in the environment is related to their former extensive use in agriculture and industry. Some CBs are ranked in the list of priority pollutants by the Stockholm Convention, and their reduction or elimination from the environment is therefore of high importance. Environmental risk assessment of CBs requires knowledge on the role and importance of the main environmental fate processes, especially in soil. Furthermore, development of remediation strategies for reduction or elimination of CBs from the environment is related to the enhancement of fate processes that increase their dissipation in various environmental compartments. The main objectives of the current review were to present up-to-date data on fate processes of CBs in the soil environment and to explore possible remediation strategies for soils contaminated with CBs. Dechlorination of highly-chlorinated benzenes is the main degradation pathway under anaerobic conditions, leading to the formation of lower-chlorinated benzenes. Biodegradation of lower-chlorinated benzenes is well documented, especially by strains of adapted or specialized microorganisms. Development of techniques that combine dechlorination of highly-chlorinated benzehes with biodegradation or biomineralization of lower-chlorinated benzenes can result in useful tools for remediation of soils contaminated with CBs. In addition, immobilization of CBs in soil by use of different amendments is a useful method for reducing the environmental risk of CBs.展开更多
Environmental risks pertaining to contaminated soils have been well studied,while little attention has been paid to the risks of the soils after remediation. In this study,a concept model developed based on fuzzy set ...Environmental risks pertaining to contaminated soils have been well studied,while little attention has been paid to the risks of the soils after remediation. In this study,a concept model developed based on fuzzy set theory was applied to evaluate the uncertainties of three risk indicators,namely,plant growth,groundwater safety and human health,of a restored site that had been previously polluted by heavy metals. The concept model classified the grade and importance of risk factors by an 11-level ranking system and was able to yield a comprehensive risk result rather than multi-risk results for complex risk indicators. Modeling results showed that the risks to the three indicators were effectively reduced after the remediation. Moreover,great sensitivity of the risks was found related to the weight distribution among the three risk indicators. In general,the risks of both polluted and restored soils to the environment were in the order of groundwater safety > plant growth > human health. The model was proved to solve the problems of multi-risk results due to complex risk indicators that previously encountered by other researchers,which made it helpful in decision-making and management of restored soils.展开更多
文摘Assessment of acid sulfate soil risk is an important step for acid sulfate soil management and its reliability depends very much on the suitability and accuracy of various analytical methods for estimating sulfide-derived potential acidity, actual acidity and acid-neutralizing capacity in acid sulfate soils. This paper critically reviews various analytical methods that are currently used for determination of the above parameters, as well as their implications for environmental risk assessment of acid sulfate soi1s.
文摘探究农药施用数量、方式对果园土壤农药残留的影响可以为果树栽培农药减施提供依据。针对陕西长武苹果产区的高频施用农药类型,在4月(花期)和8月(套袋期)对11种农药土壤残留浓度进行了调查。研究结果表明,表层土壤的农药残留浓度范围为N/D^887.9 ng g^-1dw,检出率均大于78%,其中8种农药的表层土壤残留检出率为100%。喷施吡虫啉和戊唑醇会在短期内显著提升表层土壤该两种农药残留水平。由于农户喷施农药行为具有相似性,致使在4月和8月试验区和对照区的土壤残留特征相似,农药残留不同月份的差异主要受到农户用药习惯和用药量的影响。农药主要残留于表层(0~5 cm)土壤。因喷施过程中农药更多地落到树木覆盖稀疏地面,故试验区和对照区果园地面农药残留均呈点状分布,致使表层土壤和残留聚集点具有更高的生态风险。在11种常用农药中,吡虫啉和多菌灵的浓度较低、但生物(蚯蚓)毒性大,使计算得到的风险商(RQ)值大于1,成为环境风险高于其他农药的种类。
基金financially supported by the Outstanding Youth Fund of the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu, China (No. BK20150050)the National Science and Technology Major Project of China (No. 2016YFD08000204)+2 种基金the National Key Basic Research Program of China (No. 2014CB441105)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21277148, 21677149 and 41671236)the National Council for Science and Technology of Kenya (No. NCST/ST&I/RCD/2ND CALL/POST DOC/039)
文摘Chlorobenzenes （CBs） are a group of organic pollutants that pose a high environmental risk due to their toxicity, persistence and possible transfer in the food chain. Available data in literature show that CBs axe detected in different environmental compartments such as soil, water, air and sediment. The widespread presence of CBs in the environment is related to their former extensive use in agriculture and industry. Some CBs are ranked in the list of priority pollutants by the Stockholm Convention, and their reduction or elimination from the environment is therefore of high importance. Environmental risk assessment of CBs requires knowledge on the role and importance of the main environmental fate processes, especially in soil. Furthermore, development of remediation strategies for reduction or elimination of CBs from the environment is related to the enhancement of fate processes that increase their dissipation in various environmental compartments. The main objectives of the current review were to present up-to-date data on fate processes of CBs in the soil environment and to explore possible remediation strategies for soils contaminated with CBs. Dechlorination of highly-chlorinated benzenes is the main degradation pathway under anaerobic conditions, leading to the formation of lower-chlorinated benzenes. Biodegradation of lower-chlorinated benzenes is well documented, especially by strains of adapted or specialized microorganisms. Development of techniques that combine dechlorination of highly-chlorinated benzehes with biodegradation or biomineralization of lower-chlorinated benzenes can result in useful tools for remediation of soils contaminated with CBs. In addition, immobilization of CBs in soil by use of different amendments is a useful method for reducing the environmental risk of CBs.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41171374 and 41101483)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.101gzd10)+1 种基金the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(No.41225004)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2012-AA-06A202)
文摘Environmental risks pertaining to contaminated soils have been well studied,while little attention has been paid to the risks of the soils after remediation. In this study,a concept model developed based on fuzzy set theory was applied to evaluate the uncertainties of three risk indicators,namely,plant growth,groundwater safety and human health,of a restored site that had been previously polluted by heavy metals. The concept model classified the grade and importance of risk factors by an 11-level ranking system and was able to yield a comprehensive risk result rather than multi-risk results for complex risk indicators. Modeling results showed that the risks to the three indicators were effectively reduced after the remediation. Moreover,great sensitivity of the risks was found related to the weight distribution among the three risk indicators. In general,the risks of both polluted and restored soils to the environment were in the order of groundwater safety > plant growth > human health. The model was proved to solve the problems of multi-risk results due to complex risk indicators that previously encountered by other researchers,which made it helpful in decision-making and management of restored soils.
