有机氯农药对土壤生态污染的影响及生物强化修复研究

有机氯农药性质稳定,虽已禁用数十年,但在土壤中仍然存在一定的污染残留。为了改善有机氯农药对土壤的生态污染情况,研究有机氯农药对土壤生态污染的影响及生物强化修复方法。选取农药厂旧址作为研究地点,分析生物强化修复技术对土壤生态污染的作用。选取枯草芽孢杆菌作为生态强化修复技术的菌种,采用基因工程菌种方式,降解土壤中有机氯农药。研究结果表明,生物强化修复技术对土壤中的六氯环己烷、DDD、DDE等有机氯农药降解效果明显,受污染土壤中,六氯环己烷和DDT的去除率均高于96%,具有修复有机氯农药土壤生态污染的作用。

英美土壤污染生态风险评估技术体系研究及启示

随着经济的发展,人为活动产生的大量有害物质进入土壤,造成了严重的土壤污染问题。生态风险评估是预测风险源对生态系统产生风险的方法体系,其作为污染土壤生态风险管控及修复治理的重要依据,决定着是否需要采取风险管控和修复治理措施及目标。由于研究的侧重角度不同,出现了诸多生态风险评估技术体系。英美两国拥有多年的污染地块管理经验,生态风险评估相关技术导则完善、法规健全且配套技术成熟,借鉴其经验有助于管理者从生态系统角度更加科学地分析土壤污染对环境的影响。通过对我国土壤污染生态风险评估现状的分析,以及对美国超级基金生态风险评估技术体系和英国土壤污染生态风险评估技术体系的讨论,得出我国在构建本土化的土壤污染生态风险评估技术体系时需要注意的关键点:(1)构建层次化的生态风险评估技术体系;(2)开发从污染物暴露到产生生态效应整个过程的污染地块生态风险评估概念模型;(3)加强污染物与生态受体所受影响之间的因果关系分析;(4)提高生态风险评估过程的决策参与;(5)推动本土物种的毒理学研究。该文旨在推动我国土壤污染生态风险评估技术体系的构建,保障评估过程的顺利实施及后续污染土壤风险管控或修复治理工作的开展,促进土壤资源可持续安全利用。

工程教育认证背景下课程设计与课堂教学融合路径初探——以土壤污染生态修复工程课程为例

工程教育认证要求高校在工程类课程人才培养和课程目标的设置上需结合国家与行业的需求,培养学生将知识转化为服务社会的能力。土壤污染生态修复工程课程是西安文理学院环境生态工程专业中一门重要的工程实践类选修课程,为了更好地开展课程教学,文章通过对教学过程中存在的问题进行剖析,提出课程设计与课堂教学融合的初步路径,并结合职业需求及国家政策更新知识体系,调整考核方式,力争为区域经济社会发展培养专业基础扎实、能力强的高素质应用型人才。

土壤污染与生态环境保护现状及防治策略

如今的土壤污染问题,基本是由于人类进行各种生产活动所造成的。而我国目前阶段的土壤环境整体情况并不乐观,如何平衡生态环境保护与经济发展成为当今时代重要的探讨话题。文章先分析了土壤污染现状和土壤环境保护与污染防治的难点,随后提出了土壤污染与环境保护的防治措施。

微生物标志物在土壤污染生态学中的应用与研究进展

现如今,随着科学技术水平的不断提高,微生物标志物已经被广泛地应用于土壤污染生态毒理学诊断、土壤污染预防和土壤污染的修复效果评价等领域。为了深入研究微生物标志物在土壤污染生态学中的应用,本文阐述了微生物标志物的概念,详细介绍常用的土壤酶活性测定方法,并重点研究PCR-DGGE、PLFA等多种新兴技术的应用情况和优缺点。在实际工作中,人们应该联合应用多种方法,将不同方法与不同技术的优势融合,以提高评价的准确性与科学性。

《广东省生态环境厅关于广东省2019年土壤污染防治工作方案》解读

一、编制背景党中央、国务院和省委、省政府高度重视土壤污染防治工作。党的十九大明确提出,着力解决突出环境问题,强化土壤污染管控和修复。2016年5月国务院印发《土壤污染防治行动计划》,提出了'以改善土壤环境质量为核心,以保障农产品质量和人居环境安全为出发点,坚持预防为主、保护优先、风险管控'的土壤污染防治总体思路,对今后一个时期我国土壤污染防治工作作出了全面战略部署。

中原油田洒落石油对地面生态的污染与防治

洒落石油对地面生态（土壤、包气带）的污染主要分布在井下作业频繁与窃油现象严重的采油井井场内。油污染物在包气带中运移，并受油污染浓度大小的控制，当石油污染物的浓度大于近似残余饱和度，污染物向下迁移，对地下水产生污染。油污染处理最为妥当的方法是生物处理技术，可进行推广使用。

Sedum alfredii : A New Lead-Accumulating Ecotype

hi a survey of plant population, Sedum alfredii Hance, a new lead (Pb)-tolerant and lead (Pb)accumulating ecotype, was found in an old Pb/Zn mining area in Zhejiang Province of China. The growth and Pb content of plant ecotypes being able to and unable to accumulate Pb were studied by hydroponic culture with different concentrations of Pb(NO3)(2). Growth of shoots of accumulating ecotype was not affected by Ph treatments up to 320 mg/L, whereas that of non-accumulating ecotype was inhibited in all Ph treatments. The Ph concentrations in the roots and shoots of accumulating ecotype increased with increasing of Pb level in the nutrient solution. The maximum Ph concentrations in the shoots and roots of accumulating ecotype were 514 mg/kg and 13 922 mg/kg, 2.27 times and 2.62 times as much as that of non-accumulating ecotype, respectively. The highest rate of Pb accumulation of accumulating ecotype was 8.62 mug/plant/d, 7.16 times as much as that of non-accumulating ecotype. Due to its fast growth rate and high Pb-accumulating ability, from a phytoremediation perspective, accumulating ecotype of S. alfredii is a potential plant species for Pb removal from contaminated soils.

Technical Innovation of Land Treatment Systems for Municipal Wastewater in Northeast China

On the basis of ecological principles including holistic optimization, cycling and regeneration, and regional differentiation, land treatment systems (LTSs) for municipal wastewater were continuously explored and updated in the western Shenyang area and the Huolinhe area, China. Intensified pretreatment, addition of a man-made soil filtration layer, and use of an ecologically diversified secondary plant cover were proved to be technically feasible. Hydraulic loading was determined according to the assimilation capacity of soil ecosystems, thus ensuring safe operation of wastewater treatment. This modernized and alternative approach to wastewater treatment had been widely applied in middle-sized and small cities and towns of Northeast China, and these innovative systems in some areas had indicated favorable ecological, social, and economic benefits.

Mycorrhizoremediation—an enhanced form of phytoremediation

Study of plant roots and the diversity of soil micro biota, such as bacteria, fungi and microfauna associated with them, is important for understanding the ecological complexities between diverse plants, microbes, soil and climates and their role in phytoremediation of contaminated soils. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are universal and ubiquitous rhizosphere mi-croflora forming symbiosis with plant roots and acting as biofertilizers, bioprotactants, and biodegraders. In addition to AMF, soils also contain various antagonistic and beneficial bacteria such as root pathogens, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria including free-living and symbiotic N-fixers, and mycorrhiza helping bacteria. Their potential role in phytoremediation of heavy metal (HM) contaminated soils and water is becoming evident although there is need to completely understand the ecological complexities of the plant-microbe-soil interactions and their better exploitation as consortia in remediation strategies employed for contaminated soils. These multitrophic root microbial associations deserve multi-disciplinary investigations using molecular, biochemical, and physiological techniques. Ecosystem restoration of heavy metal contaminated soils practices need to incorporate microbial bio-technology research and development. This review highlights the ecological complexity and diversity of plant-microbe-soil combinations, particularly AM and provides an overview on the recent developments in this area. It also discusses the role AMF play in phytorestoration of HM contaminated soils, i.e. mycorrhizoremediation.

Dissipation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in crop soils amended with oily sludge

Oil fields present a potential ecological risk to nearby farmland soil. Here we present a new method designed to evaluate the ability of winter wheat(Triticum aestivum) to contribute to the dissipation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), which are priority pollutants in soils contaminated by oily sludge. The influence of different doses of oily sludge on the dissipation of PAHs was studied along with individual PAH profiles in soils after different periods of plant growth. Five soil samples were artificially contaminated with different percentages of oily sludge(0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 % and 20 %). Winter wheat grew in the oily sludge–amended soils for 265 days.PAH content in the soils was monitored over the course of the study. The rate of PAH dissipation is related to the properties of different PAHs, period of winter wheat growth, and oily sludge application dose. Analysis for treated soils indicates that the dissipation of PAHs increased significantly over the first 212 days, followed by minimal changes over the final 53 days of treatment. In contrast, PAH dissipation slowed with increasing oily sludge application. For each PAH, the experimental results showed a significant compound-dependent trend. Winter wheat in the present study significantly enhanced the dissipation of PAHs in oily sludge–contaminated soil.

Thermal Treatment of Hydrocarbon-Impacted Soils＂ A Review of Technology Innovation for Sustainable Remediation

Thermal treatment technologies hold an important niche in the remediation of hydrocarbon- contaminated soils and sediments due to their ability to quickly and reliably meet cleanup standards. However, sustained high temperature can be energy intensive and can damage soil properties. Despite the broad applicability and prevalence of thermal remediation, little work has been done to improve the environmental compatibility and sustainahility of these technologies. We review several common thermal treatment technologies for hydrocarbon-contaminated soils, assess their potential environmental impacts, and propose frameworks for sustainable and low-impact deployment based on a holistic consideration of energy and water requirements, ecosystem ecology, and soil science. There is no universally appropriate thermal treatment technology. Rather, the appropriate choice depends on the contamination scenario （including the type of hydrocarbons present） and on site-specific considerations such as soil properties, water availability, and the heat sensitivity of contaminated soils. Overall, the convergence of treatment process engineering with soil science, ecosystem ecology, and plant biology research is essential to fill critical knowledge gaps and improve both the removal efficiency and sustainability of thermal technologies.

Potential Ecological Risks of Heavy Metals in Soils of Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone

In this research, soil samples were collected from Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone to investigate heavy metal pollutions in this region and to evaluate the potential ecological risks of heavy metal pollutants based on Hakanson Potential Ecological Risk Indexes. According to the results, Hg was the primary heavy metal pollutant in Blue Economic Zone, followed by Cd, Cu, and Pb as prevalent pollutants. Heavy metals ranked in order of their pollution degrees are: Hg>Cd>Cu>Pb>Zn>Cr>As;the potential ecological risks of heavy metals follow the order of Hg>Cd>As>Pb>Cu>Cr>Zn. Heavy metal pollutions did exist in this region to a certain extent, and the percentage of potential ecological risk in “strong” and “severe” degree reached up to 13.75%. This composite risk characteristic was subject to the restriction of Hg and Cd mainly distributed in Laizhou-Zhaoyuan- Yantai, Muping-Rushan Goldmine, and other densely-populated regions, threatening the safety production of crops. The combined effects of geological background and human activities, e.g. gold mining and domestic pollutants, were the main causes of high potential ecological risks of heavy metals in local environment.

Ecological Risk Assessment of Combined Pollution of Heavy Metals and Pesticides in Urban Soils

Urban soil is the main component of urban ecological systems and the key risk receptor from urbanization. Heavy metal and green pesticide pollutions in urban soils have been widely reported with the expanding of urbanization. Since urban soil pollution comes from various resources, application of integrated thinking and methods is needed in ecological risk assessment of urban soil pollution. This paper synthetically reviewed the combined pollution of heavy metals and pesticide, and ecological risk assessment, and then proposed some research trends and areas in the future that are required to carry out intensively according to the present situation of environmental pollution and international research fronts.

Influence of heavy metal stress on morphology and physiology of Penicillium chrysogenum during bioleaching process

In order to improve the efficiency of bioleaching heavy metal from the contaminated soil using Penicillium chrysogenum(P.chrysogenum),experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of heavy metal stress on P.chrysogenum during bioleaching.The morphology and physiology of P.chrysogenum were observed.Assuming that the heavy metals are all leached out from the experiment soil,heavy metals are added into the agar medium by simulating the heavy metal content in the soil.It is concluded that the survivable heavy metal contaminated soil mass range for P.chrysogenum is 2.5-5.0 g.As for biomass determination,the contaminated soil is added into the liquid medium directly.The soil mass that P.chrysogenum can be survivable is in the range of 2.5-8.75 g.In this mass range,the biomass of P.chrysogenum is bigger than that of the control sample.10 g soil mass is the threshold of the growth of P.chrysogenum.102.2 mg/L gluconic acid,156.4 mg/L oxalic acid,191.6 mg/L pyruvic acid,0.02 mg/L citric acid,0.03 mg/L malic acid and 70.6 mg/L succinic acid are determined after 15 d bioleaching.The mycelium is broken into fragments,and heavy metals are adsorbed on the cell wall or transported into the cytoplasm during bioleaching.The GOD activity declines from 1.08 U/mL to 0.2 U/mL under 400 mg/L of multi-metal stress.The influence of Pb on GOD activity is bigger than that of Cr and Cd,and the GOD activity is not influenced apparently by Mn,Zn and Cu.

Research on the Progress of Environmental Remediation Methodologies under the Conditions of Oil and Heavy Metal Pollution

In this paper, we conduct research on the progress of environmental remediation methodologies under the conditions of oil and heavy metal pollution. The main repair contaminated soil measures include chemical, physical and chemical measures, biological repair measures and agricultural ecological measures, engineering measures, etc. Selection principle is to adjust measures to local conditions, at the same time, take the technical, economic and effects of factors such as accessibility. After comparing the mentioned techniques, we conclude that the bioremediation method holds the best effectiveness for us to make contribution to the environmental protection. In final part, we give the conclusion and sct up the prospect.