时间序列下煤矸石充填复垦耕地和林地的土壤碳动态特征

为明确复垦后土壤质量与土壤碳循环之间的内在机理,揭示时间序列下复垦土壤的碳动态特征规律,研究选取了山东邹城东滩矿区复垦3、6、9、12 a的耕地土壤和复垦3、12 a的林地土壤为研究对象,并以矿区内部未受塌陷影响的正常耕地和林地作为对照。通过实地采样并检测土壤总碳(TC)、总氮(TN)、土壤有机碳(SOC)、土壤微生物量碳(MBC)以及土壤理化性质(pH、AN、AP),探究时间序列下复垦重构土壤在耕地和林地2种不同利用方式下的土壤碳动态特征,及其与土壤理化性质的相关性关系。研究结果表明:复垦后耕地和林地利用方式下土壤有机碳含量均随复垦时间的增加而逐渐增加,复垦3 a和12 a的耕地和林地相比,耕地各土层深度下土壤有机碳含量均高于相应深度林地土壤;复垦12 a的耕地土壤0~20 cm有机碳含量已与对照无显著差异,复垦12 a的林地土壤40~60 cm能达到对照水平。各复垦年限耕地和林地土壤中总碳含量均高于对照,这与复垦土壤中较高比例的土壤无机碳含量有关。复垦后土壤微生物量碳呈持续增长的趋势,相同复垦年限的耕地和林地土壤相比,耕地土壤微生物量碳含量均显著高于林地,且增速更快;复垦9 a的耕地土壤微生物量碳含量已与对照无显著差异,复垦12 a的耕地土壤微生物量碳含量达到362.59 mg/kg已显著高于对照,复垦12 a的林地土壤微生物量碳含量达到110.94 mg/kg仍显著低于对照。复垦后耕地土壤微生物熵与其土壤微生物量碳含量的变化趋势相似,均呈现逐渐增加的规律。复垦6、9和12 a的耕地土壤微生物熵均显著高于对照;复垦3 a和12 a的林地土壤微生物熵均显著低于对照。复垦土壤SOC与MBC、TN、AN呈极显著正相关(p<0.01),与微生物熵q(MBC)、AP呈显著正相关(p<0.05),与pH呈显著负相关(p<0.05);MBC与TN、AN呈极显著正相关(p<0.01),与q(MBC)、AP呈显著正相关(p<0.05),与TC呈显著负相关(p<0.05)。pH与AN、AP均呈极显著负相关关系(p<0.01),与TN呈显著负相关性(p<0.05)。主要结论为伴随着复垦时间的持续,复垦后2种土地利用方式下土壤有机碳和微生物量碳含量均有不同程度的积累和恢复,而复垦后合理的农业耕作活动更有助于土壤质量的持续改善。

互花米草入侵对长江口湿地土壤碳动态的影响

为了评价互花米草入侵对长江河口湿地土壤碳动态的影响,利用配对的试验设计在长江口崇明东滩湿地的高潮滩和低潮滩各设置1条入侵种互花米草与土著种的配对样线.结果表明,与土著植物相比,互花米草入侵显著增加了长江口湿地的植物碳库、土壤微生物碳、土壤总碳库和有机碳库,而对占土壤总碳库60%以上的无机碳库无显著影响,意味着互花米草入侵导致的土壤总碳库改变主要是通过增加土壤有机碳库来实现的.高潮滩互花米草和芦苇群落的年均土壤呼吸强度分别为(210.02±4.90),(157.79±6.39)mg/(m^2·h);低潮滩互花米草和海三棱藨草群落年均土壤CO_2排放速率分别为(157.41±5.27),(110.90±5.16)mg/(m^2·h),表明互花米草入侵显著增加长江口湿地的土壤呼吸.上述结果意味着互花米草入侵同时增加土壤碳输入和碳输出,但入侵也显著增加了土壤碳库表明入侵增加的土壤碳输入显著高于增加的土壤碳输出.本研究表明互花米草入侵可能会增强了长江河口湿地的土壤碳汇强度和固碳能力.但仍然需要长期系统的监测研究,以便全面定量评估互花米草入侵我国滨海湿地的综合生态影响.

土壤有机碳动态的影响因素研究

作为陆地生态系统中最大的碳库,影响土壤碳循环因素的微小变化都可能会对全球变暖产生意想不到的结果。土壤有机碳的动态变化对全球碳循环起着重要作用,且土壤有机碳对植物生长和可持续性的土壤物理、生物和化学过程都起着一系列的控制作用。气候和土壤因素主要控制陆地生态系统的固碳潜力,为了能更好的了解土壤碳循环对气候变暖的响应机制以及预测土壤有机碳的周转模型,本文系统探讨了影响土壤有机碳动态变化的影响因素,主要包括气候因素和土壤因素。

碳同位素自然丰度分析在土壤生态系统碳动态研究中应用

土壤是人类赖以生存的重要全球资源。陆地生态系统土壤有机碳相对微小的动态变化,都将导致整个土壤层有机碳库绝对量的巨大变化,继而引起与大气碳交换加剧,最终与全球气候变化产生交互影响。碳同位素技术对碳素在自然生态系统中的迁移动态具有很好的示踪作用,在农林生态系统转换、污染物源解析等生态学和环境科学领域中广泛应用。在自然生态系统中,原位的碳同位素自然丰度分析相比实验室培养示踪实验,具有更加真实反映自然环境下土壤碳动态变化的优势,是目前唯一可以解决土壤有机碳较长时间尺度,十年至千年尺度动力学过程的工具。随着加速质谱(AMS)检测技术的成熟,低浓度的单体化合物放射性碳同位素分析(CSRA)可以更加精准直接的反映土壤碳循环中核心成分的碳动态。这种分子水平的放射性碳同位素测定技术能够揭示出土壤碳同位素组成的异质性,为解释土壤有机碳的来源、迁移和转化等提供了新型的手段。文章简要总结了目前碳同位素自然丰度分析在土壤碳动态研究中可以解决的科学问题以及在土壤有机碳和微生物量碳动态研究中的研究进展,展望了其在开展土壤生态学研究中的前景。未来研究中需结合碳同位素自然丰度分析,在大尺度时间和空间范围内开展土壤剖面上的碳动态的研究,尤其是针对认识缺乏的深层土壤碳动态开展长期生态学实验研究。

基于文献计量分析的土壤侵蚀与土壤有机碳动态研究进展与展望

【目的】土壤侵蚀引起的土壤有机碳动态变化对可持续土地利用与管理以及陆地碳收支具有重要意义,为了解该领域的前沿及发展方向,采用文献计量学方法探究近30年来土壤侵蚀与土壤有机碳动态研究进展及热点。【方法】本文基于Web of Science核心数据库和中国知网(CNKI)中文核心期刊数据库,采用CiteSpace软件和文献计量学方法,分析了国内外近30年土壤侵蚀与土壤有机碳动态研究的发展历程、研究热点和趋势。【结果】研究表明欧美国家在该领域的研究发展较早,尤其是美国无论是国际影响力还是国际合作紧密性均处于领先地位,我国虽起步较晚但处于稳步快速发展态势;国际上该领域的研究在1995~2004年间主要围绕耕作方式和农艺措施对土壤侵蚀与土壤有机碳动态的影响,进而发展为侵蚀条件下土壤微生物及其群落对土壤有机碳的影响;近十年逐渐向基于稳定性同位素技术的土壤侵蚀与土壤有机碳动态定量研究转变,同时土壤侵蚀导致的碳氮流失所造成的面源污染及侵蚀碳在全球碳循环中的作用也是近年来的研究热点。国内于1995~2004年在本领域的研究主要集中土壤侵蚀所造成的有机碳和养分流失的研究,而后逐渐发展为结合“3S”技术和土壤侵蚀模型,研究人类活动、土地利用及气候变化等因素对土壤侵蚀与土壤有机碳动态的影响。近五年结合核素示踪、光谱等技术,在国家政策引导下该领域逐步发展为从生态综合治理向生态文明建设为核心的问题导向研究。【结论】通过分析对比国内外土壤侵蚀与土壤有机碳动态研究的热点和前沿,提出我国在该领域今后研究的展望。

玉米秸秆添加对土壤碳氮周转相关酶活性动态的影响

玉米秸秆是旱地农田重要的可利用资源,归还的秸秆通过不断分解可维持或提高土壤有机碳的积累。了解玉米秸秆分解过程中土壤碳氮周转相关酶活性动态变化,阐明外源碳输入对土壤碳氮周转及有机质形成的影响具有重要意义。本研究采用室内恒温培养法(360天),研究添加量分别为0(CK)、5 mg g^-1(T1)、10 mg g^-1(T2)的玉米秸秆对土壤有机碳、总氮含量和微生物量的影响以及对土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶(βG)、纤维二糖酶(CB)、β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)、亮氨酸氨基肽酶(LAP)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(PER)活性的动态影响。研究结果表明,秸秆分解及其对土壤酶和物质转化的调控分为特征各异的三个阶段。土壤中易分解组分的分解主要发生在培养前90天(第一阶段),此阶段内各处理土壤有机碳、总氮含量均显著降低,6种土壤酶活性均较低。随着培养时间的增加,土壤βG和CB活性无显著变化,而木质素酶活性缓慢升高,表明木质素与活性较高的组分分解可能存在共代谢作用。各处理中LAP活性在30天时升高而后降低,表明当氮需求量增加时,可通过蛋白质的分解提供可利用氮。在第二阶段(90~240天),6种土壤酶活性均显著升高且极显著正相关,表明水解酶和氧化酶通过协同作用维持土壤碳氮供需平衡。在培养的第三阶段(240~360天),除PPO外其它5种酶活性均显著降低,说明微生物可能主要依靠分解酚类物质维持自身的代谢。在整个培养期间,与对照处理相比,秸秆添加后可利用底物增多,土壤微生物量提高3~57%(T1)和3~146%(T2)。秸秆添加使水解酶(βG,CB,NAG,LAP)活性升高,但使氧化酶(PPO,PER)活性降低,表明秸秆添加可能减少了微生物对稳定性底物的利用,促进了木质素等难分解组分积累、使土壤有机碳含量提高。本研究为深入理解秸秆生物降解、提高土壤有机碳积累机制提供了新见解。

CARBON DYNAMICS OF WETLAND IN THE SANJIANG PLAIN

Methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission was measured from mires in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China, by using a static chamber technique during free snow-covered periods. The seasonal mean emission of CH4 was 12.4mg/(m2·h) and the emission range of CO2 was 8.7-16.6g/(m2·d) (gross CO2 flux) during plant growth period. CO2 emission rate in the day was stronger than that at night, and the daily peak appears at 19:00. The mire plants in the Sanjiang Plain begin to sprout at the end of April. The aboveground biomass of the mire plants increased from zero to the peak from July to September and showed single peak form. The aboveground biomass of Carex lasiocarpa (464.8g/m2) was lower than that of Deyeuxia platyphylla (530.8g/m2), but the underground biomass was higher than that of Deyeuxia platyphylla. Gross CO2 flux showed the significance positive correlation relationship with plant biomass. Gross CO2 flux and CH4 emission were also correlated with soil temperature (0-5cm) and water temperature. However, the highest CH4 emission rate lagged behind the highest soil temperature in the root area during plant growth period. The data also indicated that wet and warm conditions during the early spring led to greater value of CH4 emission flux. Inundation is the necessary condition for the existence of methane bacteria, but there is no significant positive correlation between the inundation depth and CH4 emission rate in this region. Within the same growing season and under the same inundation condition, the variations of CH4 emission rate could be markedly different.

Soil organic carbon dynamics study bias deduced from isotopic fractionation in corn plant

Carbon stable isotope techniques were extensively employed to trace the dynamics of soil organic carbon(SOC)across a land-use change involving a shift to vegetation with different photosynthetic pathways.Based on the isotopic mass balance equation,relative contributions of new versus old SOC,and SOC turnover rate in corn fields were evaluated world-wide.However,most previous research had not analyzed corn debris left in the field,instead using an average corn plant δ^(13)C value or a measured value to calculate the proportion of corn-derived SOC,either of which could bias results.This paper carried out a detailed analysis of isotopic fractionation in corn plants and deduced the maximum possible bias of SOC dynamics study.The results show approximately 3‰ isotopic fractionation from top to bottom of the corn leaf.The ^(13)C enrichment sequence in corn plant was tassel﹥stalk or cob﹥root﹥leaves.Individual parts accounting for the total dry mass of corn returned distinct values.Consequently,the average δ^(13)C value of corn does not represent the actual isotopic composition of corn debris.Furthermore,we deduced that the greater the fractionation in corn plant,the greater the possible bias.To alleviate bias of SOC dynamics study,we suggest two measures:analyze isotopic compositions and proportions of each part of the corn and determine which parts of the corn plant are left in the field and incorporated into SOC.

施肥对新垦绿洲风沙土肥力及碳积累的影响

利用2005年安排在临泽边缘绿洲沙地农田的长期施肥定位试验,研究不同用量有机肥、化肥、有机肥和化肥配施对绿洲沙地土壤肥力及有机碳积累的影响。试验包括高量有机肥单施(M3),氮磷化肥单施(NP3),低、中、高量氮磷钾化肥单施(NPK1,NPK2,NPK3),及低、中、高量氮磷钾化肥配施高、中、低量有机肥9个处理(NPK1M3,NPK2M2,NPK3M1),测定分析10年后不同施肥处理耕层(0~20 cm)土壤物理化学性状特征及有机碳动态。结果表明:施有机肥及有机无机配施处理较单施化肥处理容重下降0.13 g·cm^-3,田间持水量提高6.7%,单施有机肥、有机无机配施较单施化肥,土壤有机碳(SOC)和全氮含量分别提高64.8%、36.3%和64.9%、49.5%。高量施用氮磷化肥和氮磷钾化肥处理全磷含量最高,有机肥及有机无机配施较单施化肥有效氮含量显著增加,有机无机配施及高量施用磷肥土壤有效磷积累明显,高量施用有机肥能显著提升有效钾含量。连续施肥处理10年后,SOC含量提高了1.68~2.84倍,土壤全氮、全磷、碱解氮及有效磷均有一定程度的提高,但单施化肥及有机肥与氮磷化肥配施有效钾含量下降。SOC的积累速率单施化肥、有机无机配施、单施有机肥处理分别为0.27、0.59,0.87 g·kg^-1·a^-1。增施有机肥、适量减少化肥投入、氮磷钾化肥的平衡施用是绿洲沙地农田土壤肥力持续提升的施肥管理对策。

Conservation Tillage Influence on Carbon Dynamics Under Mediterranean Conditions

Intensity of tillage practices can enhance organic matter decomposition, increasing CO2 emissions from soil to the atmosphere. Conservation tillage （CT） has been proposed as a means of counteracting potential damages to the environment. In this study the effects of two CT systems, reduced tillage in a long-term experiment （RTL） and no-tillage in a short-term experiment （NTs）, were compared to traditional tillage （TT） in the long （TTL） and short-term experiments （TTs）. CO2 fluxes, total soil organic carbon （SOC） and dehydrogenase activity （DHA） were evaluated at 0-5, 5-10 and 10-15 cm depths throughout the three years studied （Oct. 2006 Jul. 2009）. Traditional tillage increased C02 emissions compared to CT. The CT treatments （RTL and NTs） accumulated more SOC in the surface layer （0 5 cm） than the TT treatments （TTL and TTs）. SOC accumulation was moderate but DHA consistently increased in CT in the surface soil, especially with a legume crop included in the crop rotation. Values of stratification ratio of all parameters studied were higher in the CT treatments （RTL and NTs）. The agricultural and environmental benefits derived from CT make this system recommendable for semi-arid Mediterranean rain-fed agriculture.

Soil Microbiological Activity and Carbon Dynamics in the Current Climate Change Scenarios:A Review

Microbial activities are affected by a myriad of factors with end points involved in nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration issues.Because of their prominent role in the global carbon balance and their possible role in carbon sequestration, soil microbes are very important organisms in relation to global climate changes. This review focuses mainly on the responses of soil microbes to climate changes and subsequent effects on soil carbon dynamics. An overview table regarding extracellular enzyme activities(EAA) with all relevant literature data summarizes the effects of different ecosystems under various experimental treatments on EAA. Increasing temperature, altered soil moisture regimes, and elevated carbon dioxide significantly affect directly or indirectly soil microbial activities.High temperature regimes can increase the microbial activities which can provide positive feedback to climate change, whereas lower moisture condition in pedosystem can negate the increase, although the interactive effects still remain unanswered. Shifts in soil microbial community in response to climate change have been determined by gene probing, phospholipid fatty acid analysis(PLFA),terminal restriction length polymorphism(TRFLP), and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE), but in a recent investigations,omic technological interventions have enabled determination of the shift in soil microbe community at a taxa level, which can provide very important inputs for modeling C sequestration process. The intricacy and diversity of the soil microbial population and how it responds to climate change are big challenges, but new molecular and stable isotope probing tools are being developed for linking fluctuations in microbial diversity to ecosystem function.

Dynamic Relationship Between Biologically Active Soil Organic Carbon and Aggregate Stability in Long-Term Organically Fertilized Soils

Biologically active soil organic carbon （BASOC） is an important fraction of soil organic carbon （SOC）, but our understanding of the correlation between BASOC and soil aggregate stability is limited. At an ecological experimental station （28° 04＇-28° 37＇ N, 116° 41＇-117° 09＇ E） in Yujiang County, Jiangxi Province, China, we analyzed the dynamic relationship between soil aggregate stability and BASOC content over time in the red soil （Udic Ferrosols） fertilized with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium chemical fertilizer （NPK） without manure or with NPK plus livestock manure or green manure. The dynamics of BASOC was evaluated using CO2 efflux, and soil aggregates were separated according to size using a wet-sieving technique. The soils fertilized with NPK plus livestock manure had a significantly higher content of BASOC and an improved aggregate stability compared to the soils fertilized with NPK plus green manure or NPK alone. The BASOC contents in all fertilized soils decreased over time. The contents of large aggregates （800-2 000 μm） dramatically decreased over the first 7 d of incubation, but the contents of small aggregates （〈 800 μm） either remained the same or increased, depending on the incubation time and specific aggregate sizes. The aggregate stability did not differ significantly at the beginning and end of incubation, but the lowest stability in all fertilized soils occurred in the middle of the incubation, which implied that the soils had a strong resilience for aggregate stability. The change in BASOC content was only correlated with aggregate stability during the first 27 d of incubation.

Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analyses for Modeling Long-Term Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics of Paddy Soils Under Different Climate-Soil-Management Combinations

Reporting modeling results with uncertainty information can benefit decision making by decreasing the extent that variability exerts a disproportionate influence on the options selected. For making decisions with more confidence, the uncertainty interval should be as narrow as possible. Here, the soil organic carbon （SOC） dynamics of the major paddy soil subgroup from 4 different paddy field regions of China （located in 4 counties under different climate-soil-management combinations） were modeled using the DeNitrification- DeComposition （DNDC） model for the period from 1980 to 2008. Uncertainty intervals associated with the SOC dynamics for these 4 subgroups were estimated by a long-term global sensitivity and uncertainty analysis （i. e., the Sobolt method）, and their sensitivities to 7 influential factors were quantified using the total effect sensitivity index. The results, modeled with high confidence, indicated that in the past 29 years, the studied paddy soils in Xinxing, Yixing, and Zhongjiang counties were carbon （C） sinks, while the paddy soil in Helong County was a C source. The 3 C sinks sequestered 12.2 （5.4, 19.6）, 17.1 （8.9, 25.0）, and 16.9 （-1.2, 33.6） t C ha-1 （values in the parentheses are the 5th and 95th percentiles, respectively）. Conversely, the C source had a loss of -5.4 （-14.2, 0.06） t C ha-1 in the past 29 years. The 7 factors, which changed with the climate-soil-management context, exhibited variable influences on modeled SOC. Measures with potential to conserve or sequestrate more C into paddy soils, such as incorporating more crop residues into soils and reducing chemical fertilizer application rates, were recommended for specific soils based on the sensitivity analysis results.

Spatiotemporal dynamic simulation of grassland carbon storage in China

Based on the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model(TEM 5.0), together with the data of climate(temperature, precipitation and solar radiation) and environment(grassland vegetation types, soil texture, altitude, longitude and latitude, and atmospheric CO2 concentration data), the spatiotemporal variations of carbon storage and density, and their controlling factors were discussed in this paper. The results indicated that:(1) the total carbon storage of China's grasslands with a total area of 394.93×104 km2 was 59.47 Pg C. Among them, there were 3.15 Pg C in vegetation and 56.32 Pg C in soil carbon. China's grasslands covering 7.0–11.3% of the total world's grassland area had 1.3–11.3% of the vegetation carbon and 9.7–22.5% of the soil carbon in the world grasslands. The total carbon storage increased from 59.13 to 60.16 Pg C during 1961–2013 with an increasing rate of 19.4 Tg C yr^(-1).(2) The grasslands in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau contributed most to the total carbon storage during 1961–2013, accounting for 63.2% of the total grassland carbon storage, followed by Xinjiang grasslands(15.8%) and Inner Mongolia grasslands(11.1%).(3) The vegetation carbon storage showed an increasing trend, with the average annual growth rate of 9.62 Tg C yr^(-1) during 1961–2013, and temperature was the main determinant factor, explaining approximately 85% of its variation. The vegetation carbon storage showed an increasing trend in most grassland regions, however, a decreasing trend in the central grassland in the southern China, the western and central parts of the Inner Mongolian grasslands as well as some parts on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The soil carbon storage showed a significantly increasing trend with a rate of 7.96 Tg C yr^(-1), which resulted from the interaction of more precipitation and low temperature in the 1980 s and 1990 s. Among them, precipitation was the main determinant factor of increasing soil carbon increases of China's grasslands.

Microbial Biomass Dynamics in a Tropical Agroecosystem： Influence of Herbicide and Soil Amendments

The influences of herbicide alone and in combination with the soil amendments with contrasting resource qualities on dynamics of soil microbial biomass C （MBC）, N （MBN）, and P （MBP） were studied through two annual cycles in rice-wheat-summer fallow crop sequence in a tropical dryland agroecosystem. The experiment included application of herbicide （butachlor） alone or in combination with various soil amendments having equivalent amount of N in the forms of chemical fertilizer, wheat straw, Sesbania aculeata, and farm yard manure （FYM）. Soil microbial biomass showed distinct temporal variations in both crop cycles, decreased from vegetative to grain-forming stage, and then increased to maximum at crop maturity stage. Soil MBC was the highest in herbicide ＋ Sesbania aculeata treatment followed by herbicide ＋ FYM, herbicide ＋ wheat straw, herbicide ＋ chemical fertilizer, and herbicide alone treatments in decreasing order during the rice-growing period. During wheat-growing period and summer fallow, soil MBC attained maximum for herbicide ＋ wheat straw treatment whereas herbicide ＋ FYM, herbicide ＋ Sesbania, and herbicide ＋ chemical fertilizer treatments showed similar levels. The overall trend of soil MBN was similar to those of soil MBC and MBP except that soil MBN was higher in herbicide ＋ chemical fertilizer treatment over the herbicide ＋ wheat straw treatment during rice-growing period. In spite of the addition of equivalent amount of N through exogenous soil amendments in combination with the herbicide, soil microbial biomass responded differentially to the treatments. The resource quality of the amendments had more pronounced impact on the dynamics of soil microbial biomass, which may have implications for long-term sustainability of rainfed agroecosystems in dry tropics.

Dynamics of ^(14)C-labelled Glucose and NH_4^+ in a Regularly Flooded Extremely Alkaline Saline Soil

Flooding an extremely alkaline(pH 10.6) saline soil of the former Lake Texcoco to reduce salinity will affect the soil carbon(C)and nitrogen(N) dynamics.A laboratory incubation experiment was done to investigate how decreasing soil salt content affected dynamics of C and N in an extremely alkaline saline soil.Sieved soil with electrical conductivity(EC) of 59.2 dS m^(-1) was packed in columns,and then flooded with tap water,drained freely and conditioned aerobically at 50%water holding capacity for a month.This process of flooding-drainage-conditioning was repeated eight times.The original soil and the soil that had undergone one,two,four and eight flooding-drainage-conditioning cycles were amended with 1000 mg glucose-^(14)C kg^(-1) soil and 200 mg NH_4^+-N kg^(-1)soil,and then incubated for 28 d.The CO_2 emissions,soil microbial biomass,and soil ammonium(NE_4^+),nitrite(NO_2^-) and nitrate(NO_3^-) were monitored in the aerobic incubation of 28 d.The soil EC decreased from 59.2 to 1.0 dS m^(_1) after eight floodings,and soil pH decreased from 10.6 to 9.6.Of the added ^(14)C-labelled glucose,only 8%was mineralized in the original soil,while 24%in the soil flooded eight times during the 28-d incubation.The priming effect was on average 278 mg C kg^(-1) soil after the 28-d incubation.Soil microbial biomass C(mean 66 mg C kg^(-1) soil) did not change with flooding times in the unamended soil,and increased 1.4 times in the glucose-NH_4^+-amended soil.Ammonium immobilization and NO_2^- concentration in the aerobically incubated soil decreased with increasing flooding times,while NO_3^- concentration increased.It was found that flooding the Texcoco soil decreased the EC sharply,increased mineralization of glucose,stimulated nitrification,and reduced immobilization of inorganic N,but did not affect soil microbial biomass C.

Mathematical Analysis of a Chemotaxis-Type Model of Soil Carbon Dynamic

The goal of this paper is to study the mathematical properties of a new model of soil carbon dynamics which is a reaction-diffusion system with a chemotactic term, with the aim to account for the formation of soil aggregations in the bacterial and microorganism spatial organization(hot spot in soil). This is a spatial and chemotactic version of MOMOS(Modelling Organic changes by Micro-Organisms of Soil), a model recently introduced by M. Pansu and his group. The authors present here two forms of chemotactic terms, first a"classical" one and second a function which prevents the overcrowding of microorganisms.They prove in each case the existence of a nonnegative global solution, and investigate its uniqueness and the existence of a global attractor for all the solutions.