渍水土壤还原过程对土壤结构的影响研究综述(英文)

综述了渍水土壤还原过程中微生物代谢、化学变化、土壤结构和土壤胶体的稳定性的相关研究 .在还原过程中 ,随着好氧细菌、兼性厌氧细菌、硫酸还原菌和甲烷菌的活动 ,相继形成氨、硝酸根离子、亚铁离子、硫化物、气体物质及有机酸 .在渍水初期 ,水溶性阳离子浓度的增加导致土壤悬浊液凝集 .在渍水后期 ,亚铁沉淀的形成致使二价水溶性阳离子浓度降低 ,使得土壤胶粒悬浊液分散 .在还原条件下 ,土壤胶体稳定性的变化过程是一个动电机理 .

Surface Chemical Properties of Colloids in Main Soils of China

Surface chemical properties of soil colloids are the important factor affecting soil fertility and genesis. To provide scientific basis for soil genetic classification, promotion of soil fertility and reasonable fertilization, the specific surface area and electric charge of soil colloids in relation to clay minerals and organic matter are further discussed on the basis of the results obtained from the studies on surface chemical properties of soil colloids in five main soils of China. Results from the studies show that the effect of clay minerals and organic matter on the surface chemical properties of soil colloids is very complicated because the siloxane surface, hydrated oxide surface and organic matter surface do not exist separately, but they are always mixed together and influenced each other. The understanding of the relationship among clay minerals, organic matter and surface chemical properties of soil colloids depends upon further study of the relevant disciplines of soil science, especially the study on the mechanisms of organo-mineral complexes.

氧化物表面重金属专性吸附实验区分的有关问题——兼论陪补阴离子效应

关于铁铝氧化物对重金属离子的专性吸附的机理,虽然目前看法不同,但对专性吸附在方法论上的定义则是基本一致的,即:在中等或高浓度的碱或碱土金属离子存在时,氧化物对微量重金属的吸附作用。很多资料也表明随加入的碱或碱土金属离子浓度增加,重金属离子吸附量减少。这些也被看作是专性吸附方法论定义的合理性的证据。