[目的]为了解土壤侵蚀的机理,探究土壤抗蚀性与土地利用类型、土壤结构的关系。[方法]以安徽省岳西县毛尖山乡上舍村典型小流域马尾松林（Pinus massoniana Lamb）和桑树林（Morus alba L）为研究对象,在0—40cm土壤深度范围内,按照10c...[目的]为了解土壤侵蚀的机理,探究土壤抗蚀性与土地利用类型、土壤结构的关系。[方法]以安徽省岳西县毛尖山乡上舍村典型小流域马尾松林（Pinus massoniana Lamb）和桑树林（Morus alba L）为研究对象,在0—40cm土壤深度范围内,按照10cm间隔分层取样,室内测定土壤孔径、比表面积、崩解指数、不同径别（〈0.5,0.5~1.0,1.0~2.0和2.0~2.5mm）根系长度特征。[结果]土壤抗蚀性强弱表现为马尾松林大于桑树林。表层0—10cm范围内,桑树林地土壤根系小于马尾松土壤根系,土壤的抗蚀性随着土层深度的增加而减小;桑树林和马尾松林土壤根系主要分布在0—30cm层次内,而且〈1mm的根系长度由表层向深层递减,土壤平均孔径随着深度的增加而减小,而比表面积随着深度的增加而增大;在0—40cm深度马尾松各层次孔径分布呈分层现象,而桑树林各层次土壤孔径分布差异不大。土壤孔隙度和土壤孔径越大,土壤抗蚀性越强,而土壤颗粒比表面积越大土壤抗蚀性越小;通过SPSS分析得到桑树林地土壤抗蚀性与土壤根系质量在0.01水平上显著相关,马尾松土壤平均孔径与土壤根系质量在0.05水平上显著相关。[结论]降雨时,由于马尾松林地地表覆盖均匀,坡面产生壤中流下渗,土壤20cm以下分化明显,不易透水,导致下坡壤中流蓄满流出地表带出土壤颗粒。而桑树林地原为耕地无地表覆盖,人为翻种活动频繁,导致土壤层次性质相似,表层土壤颗粒流失严重。展开更多
[Objective] This study was conducted to explore the effects of deep loos- ening on soil structure and the activity of maize root system, to provide a theoreti- cal basis for the efficient and rational use of water res...[Objective] This study was conducted to explore the effects of deep loos- ening on soil structure and the activity of maize root system, to provide a theoreti- cal basis for the efficient and rational use of water resources. [Method] Three differ- ent loosening treatments for maize in ridges were performed in field trials as fol- lows： conventional ridge tillage, loosening the cm in spring （deep loosening in spring）, and depth of 30 cm in autumn （deep loosening in soils between rows to a depth of 30 oosening the soils between rows to a autumn）. Then the soil properties and the development of root system were measured to evaluate the effects of different loosening methods. [Result] Soil compactness was significantly reduced after deep loosening in spring, There were significant differences in soil compactness in 0-20 cm depth and soil bulk density in 0-40 cm depth between deep loosening in spring and deep loosening in autumn, deep loosening in spring and conventional ridge tillage. The soil water holding capacity was also significantly different between the two deep loosening treatments and conventional ridge tillage. Moreover, the root ac- tive absorption area of maize of deep loosening in spring was higher than that of conventionai ridge tillage. [Conclusion] Deep loosening can reduce soil compactness, bulk density, and improve soil water holding capacity, soil water content and the root activity of maize. Deep loosening in spring is better in soil improvement be- cause spring is closer to the growth period of crops than autumn. So, deep loosen- ing is conducive to the improvement of soil compactness and structure.展开更多
文摘[目的]为了解土壤侵蚀的机理,探究土壤抗蚀性与土地利用类型、土壤结构的关系。[方法]以安徽省岳西县毛尖山乡上舍村典型小流域马尾松林（Pinus massoniana Lamb）和桑树林（Morus alba L）为研究对象,在0—40cm土壤深度范围内,按照10cm间隔分层取样,室内测定土壤孔径、比表面积、崩解指数、不同径别（〈0.5,0.5~1.0,1.0~2.0和2.0~2.5mm）根系长度特征。[结果]土壤抗蚀性强弱表现为马尾松林大于桑树林。表层0—10cm范围内,桑树林地土壤根系小于马尾松土壤根系,土壤的抗蚀性随着土层深度的增加而减小;桑树林和马尾松林土壤根系主要分布在0—30cm层次内,而且〈1mm的根系长度由表层向深层递减,土壤平均孔径随着深度的增加而减小,而比表面积随着深度的增加而增大;在0—40cm深度马尾松各层次孔径分布呈分层现象,而桑树林各层次土壤孔径分布差异不大。土壤孔隙度和土壤孔径越大,土壤抗蚀性越强,而土壤颗粒比表面积越大土壤抗蚀性越小;通过SPSS分析得到桑树林地土壤抗蚀性与土壤根系质量在0.01水平上显著相关,马尾松土壤平均孔径与土壤根系质量在0.05水平上显著相关。[结论]降雨时,由于马尾松林地地表覆盖均匀,坡面产生壤中流下渗,土壤20cm以下分化明显,不易透水,导致下坡壤中流蓄满流出地表带出土壤颗粒。而桑树林地原为耕地无地表覆盖,人为翻种活动频繁,导致土壤层次性质相似,表层土壤颗粒流失严重。
基金Supported by National Maize Industry Technology System(CARS-02-38)Science and Technology Development Project of Jilin Province(LFGC14308)Special Fund for Scientific Research in the Public Interest(201303125-03)
文摘[Objective] This study was conducted to explore the effects of deep loos- ening on soil structure and the activity of maize root system, to provide a theoreti- cal basis for the efficient and rational use of water resources. [Method] Three differ- ent loosening treatments for maize in ridges were performed in field trials as fol- lows： conventional ridge tillage, loosening the cm in spring （deep loosening in spring）, and depth of 30 cm in autumn （deep loosening in soils between rows to a depth of 30 oosening the soils between rows to a autumn）. Then the soil properties and the development of root system were measured to evaluate the effects of different loosening methods. [Result] Soil compactness was significantly reduced after deep loosening in spring, There were significant differences in soil compactness in 0-20 cm depth and soil bulk density in 0-40 cm depth between deep loosening in spring and deep loosening in autumn, deep loosening in spring and conventional ridge tillage. The soil water holding capacity was also significantly different between the two deep loosening treatments and conventional ridge tillage. Moreover, the root ac- tive absorption area of maize of deep loosening in spring was higher than that of conventionai ridge tillage. [Conclusion] Deep loosening can reduce soil compactness, bulk density, and improve soil water holding capacity, soil water content and the root activity of maize. Deep loosening in spring is better in soil improvement be- cause spring is closer to the growth period of crops than autumn. So, deep loosen- ing is conducive to the improvement of soil compactness and structure.
