水源保护区水质保护实行经济补偿机制的探讨

目前,我国对水资源的保护措施的制定基本是建立于功能分区的基础上,对排入不同功能水域的污染物实施不同的排放标准,水源保护区必须执行严格的水质保护措施,使得水资源保护利用出力区与受益区明显错位,是必须实行受益补偿的典型例子。本文从水源保护区水质保护经济补偿的必要性出发,尝试对受益经济补偿的实质、理论依据、补偿内容及补偿费用的计量方法等方面进行探讨,提出了补偿的内容和方法。

处理焦化废水存在的问题及技术进展研究

本文结合目前焦化废水处理存在的问题,指出焦化废水处理技术进展趋势及治理新模式。

未来的生存法则

近期参加了一些企业的商务年会,也重点关注了相关企业商务年会的报道,其中一个有趣的现象是,几乎所有的企业都说自己的销量在增长。观感上形势一片大好,但是身处行业漩涡如鱼在水中,冷暖自知。无一例外的是,这些企业都制定了雄心勃勃的发展战略及激进的年度销售目标,仍然是数量型增长路线。

朱熹的审美体验论

从审美体验论的角度分析了宋代美学家朱熹美学的体验论思想,认识到:他的美学是中国古典美学的转折点,它既是中国先秦以来"道体论"美学的终结,也是宋代以后"体道论"美学的开始。通过对朱熹审美阅读理论的探索,论述了朱熹主张审美体验论的思想,具体表现为:审美主体面对审美客体在强度上要反复玩味、沉潜涵泳,在深度上得到"通身在水""透内皆湿"的程度,方可感知和体验美的存在。这些思想对于今天的艺术鉴赏和审美有重要的理论价值。

基于离子转移的新型电化学检测——流动注射分析测定抗菌素

用水/固化硝基苯溶液界面离子转移电化学检測——流动注射测定了药物中的四环素和土霉素,两种抗菌素的质子化阳离子在固定电位下转移越过水/硝基苯界面,响应线性范围分别为2～200μmol/L和5～300μmol/L,样品重复测定22次,相对标准偏差小于2％,测定结果与生物法良好吻合。方法准确、简便、快速,每小时可测60个样品。

基于环境中氨氮的分析和监测方法研究

随着当今社会经济的进步、科学技术的发展,我国的环境问题也越来越严重,为了不让环境问题演变的愈加不可收拾,我国应当重视环境监测,把控好环境监测的每个环节。其中,氨氮就是监测方面最为重视的项目之一,我国水体环境污染程度的重轻,即可从氨氮的含量上推断出。水体里氮化物所呈的形态是非常多的,监测这些氮化物也可以考察出水体有没有被污染以及污染程度的轻重。随着人类生活质量越来越好,在保护环境这方面人类也意识到了其重要性,保护环境的意识在每个人的心中都已根深蒂固,越来越多的人也都更加关注着氨氮的测定。文章对水体中测定氨氮的方法展开论述和分析。

Kalayouhaa品牌形象设计

《Kalayouhaa品牌形象设计》曾入选安徽美术家协会主办的“第八届安徽美术大展设计作品展”优秀提名作品。作品是为Kalayouhaa独立工作室设计的品牌形象,该工作室专注于北欧旅游及旅游咨询介绍。Kala是芬兰语“鱼”的意思,所以标志采用简单线条描绘鱼的造型,文字设计增加了圆点的元素,让字母看起来也像是鱼的造型,与图形呼应的同时为标志增加了活泼感。整体标志简洁、自然,带有一定的北欧风格,让人感受到在芬兰旅行时如鱼在水的自由快乐。

史剧开新路——评昆剧《唐太宗》

昆剧《唐太宗》,是在上海市首届戏剧节中上演的一个优秀新编历史剧。它以唐代贞观十六年至十七年间的宫廷纠纷为题材,围绕皇位继承人的事件展开矛盾,真实地塑造了两个人物形象——唐太宗与魏征。剧作者站在历史唯物主义的高度,写了帝王,却没有拔高,更没有影射或类比,而是以魏征的冒死直谏和唐太宗李世民的纳谏这个历史事件的横切面,展示了中华民族的优秀传统的精神文明。可以说,昆剧《唐太宗》开了历史剧创作的新路。

Modeling and Simulation of aCounter-Rotating Turbine System for Underwater Vehicles

The structure of a counter-rotating turbine of an underwater vehicle is designed by adding the counter-rotating second-stage turbine disk to the conventional single-stage turbine. The available kinetic energy and the absorption power of the auxiliary system are calculated at different working conditions, and the results show that the power of the main engine and auxiliary system at the counter-rotating turbine system matches well with each other. The technology scheme of the counter-rotating turbine system is proposed, then the experimental simulation of the lubricating oil loop, fuel loop, and seawater loop is completed. The simulation results indicate that the hydraulic transmission system can satisfy the requirements for an underwater vehicle running at a steady sailing or variable working conditions.

Modeling the Flow Regime Near the Source in Underwater Gas Releases

Recent progress in calculating gas bubble sizes in a plume, based on phenomenological approaches using the release conditions is a significant improvement to make the gas plume models self-reliant. Such calculations require details of conditions Near the Source of Plume （NSP）; （i.e. the plume/jet velocity and radius near the source）, which inspired the present work. Determining NSP conditions for gas plumes are far more complex than that for oil plumes due to the substantial density difference between gas and water. To calculate NSP conditions, modeling the early stage of the plume is important. A novel method of modeling the early stage of an underwater gas release is presented here. Major impact of the present work is to define the correct NSP conditions for underwater gas releases, which is not possible with available methods as those techniques are not based on the physics of flow region near the source of the plume/jet. We introduce super Gaussian profiles to model the density and velocity variations of the early stages of plume, coupled with the laws of fluid mechanics to define profile parameters. This new approach, models the velocity profile variation from near uniform, across the section at the release point to Gaussian some distance away. The comparisons show that experimental data agrees well with the computations.

Potential Role of Feldspathic Sandstone as a Natural Water Retaining Agent in Mu Us Sandy Land,Northwest China

This paper analyzed the water-retention mechanism of feldspathic sandstone （fine-（〈 1 mm diam.） and gravel-sized （2-3 cm diam.） in Mu Us Sandy Land, Northwest China. The objective of this study is to study the effect of feldspathic sandstone amendment on water retention in sandy land. The results showed that as the proportion of fine feldspathic sandstone in the sandy land soil increased, the soil texture changed from sand to silt loam, the capillary po- rosity gradually increased from 26.3% to 44.9%, and the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity decreased from 7.10 ram/rain to 0.07 mm/min. Feldspathic sandstone gravel formed micro-reservoirs in the sandy land soil, playing the role of a ＇water absorbent＇ and ＇water retaining agent＇ in sandy land. Amendment with feldspathic sandstone can increase water retention in the arable layer of sandy land by 67%. This study provides a theoretical basis for the amelioration of sandy land on a large scale. It can be concluded that amendment with feldspathic sandstone can improve the physical properties of sandy land soil and increase soil water retention.

Control of Underwater Robot Attitude in Wave Based on Fuzzy Sliding Mode Method

When an underwater robot works with its manipulator, it is very critical to keep the position and attitude stable in wave. The modeling, numerical calculus of the rolling motion of a small openframe underwater robot in wave was discussed. A sliding mode control（SMC） strategy with adaptive fuzzy reasoning is presenated to change the rolling response process of the underwater robot by using the two lateral thrusters to reduce the rolling amplitude when the manipulators are working. The results comparing between the simulation and the numerical calculus has shown the effectiveness. There is few analogous research on underwater robot attitudes in wave. Some attempts are made here.

Hydrodynamic Efficiency Improvement of the High Skew Propeller for the Underwater Vehicle Under Surface and Submerged Conditions

An algorithm based on the Boundary Element Method(BEM)is presented for designing the High Skew Propeller(HSP)used in an Underwater Vehicle(UV).Since UVs operate under two different kinds of working conditions(i.e.surface and submerged conditions),the design of such a propeller is an unwieldy task.This is mainly due to the fact that the resistance forces as well as the vessel efficiency under these conditions are significantly different.Therefore,some factors are necessary for the design of the opti-mum propeller to utilize the power under the mentioned conditions.The design objectives of the optimum propeller are to obtain the highest possible thrust and efficiency with the minimum torque.For the current UV,the main dimensions of the propeller are pre-dicted based on the given required thrust and the defined operating conditions.These dimensions(number of blades,pitch,diameter,expanded area ratio,thickness and camber)are determined through iterative procedure.Because the propeller operates at the stern of the UV where the inflow velocity to the propeller is non-uniform,a 5-blade HSP is preferred for running the UV.Finally,the propel-ler is designed based on the numerical calculations to acquire the improved hydrodynamic efficiency.

A Modified DRASTIC Approach to Shallow Groundwater Vulnerability in the West Lake Watershed in Hangzhou, China

The quality of shallow groundwater in the West Lake watershed wasinvestigated form March to July 2000. Integrating with BlacklandGRASS GIS system, the DRASTIC model was used to compile the ground-water vulnerability map. A land use factor was added to the DRASTICmodel and the modified model (LDRASTIC0 increased the accuracy ofprediction form 26.9/100 to 51.3/100. The vulnerability map showedthat the lowly, moderately and highly susceptible area predictedoccupied about 11.6/100, 70.9/100 and 17.5/100 of the wholewatershed, respectively. Compared with the observed values of nitrateand electric conductivity, the LDRASTIC index improved the Pearsoncorrelation coefficients form -0.010 to 0.237 and 0.380 to 0.503;Both the improved coefficients were significant at the 0.01 level.The modified DRASTIC analysis showed a Great potential as a screeningtool for policy decision-making in groundwater management.

Effect of Temporal Resolution of NDVI on Potential Evapotranspiration Estimation and Hydrological Model Performance

Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data, obtained from remote sensing information, are essential in the Shuttleworth-Wallace (S-W) model for estimation of evapotranspiration. In order to study the effect of temporal resolution of NDVI on potential evapotranspiration (PET) estimation and hydrological model performance, monthly and 10-day NDVI data set were used to estimate potential evapotranspiration from January 1985 to December 1987 in Huangnizhuang catchment, Anhui Province, China. The differences of the two calculation results were analyzed and used to drive the block-wise use of the TOPMODEL with the Muskingum-Cunge routing (BTOPMC) model to test the effect on model performance. The results show that both annual and monthly PETs estimated by 10-day NDVI are lower than those estimated by monthly NDVI. Annual PET from the vegetation root zone (PETr) lowers 9.77%-13.64% and monthly PETr lowers 3.28%-17.44% in the whole basin. PET from the vegetation interception (PETi) shows the same trend as PETr. In addition, temporal resolution of NDVI has more effect on PETr in summer and on PETi in winter. The correlation between PETr as estimated by 10-day NDVI and pan measurement (R2= 0.835) is better than that between monthly NDVI and pan measurement (R2 = 0.775). The two potential evapotranspiration estimates were used to drive the BTOPMC model and calibrate parameters, and model performance was found to be similar. In summary, the effect of temporal resolution of NDVI on potential evapotranspiration estimation is significant, but trivial on hydrological model performance.

Distribution and pollution assessment of trace metals in seawater and sediment in Laizhou Bay

Selected trace metals （Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg） and arsenic in seawater and surface sediments of Laizhou Bay were determined, to evaluate their spatial distribution, pollution risk and potential ecological risk. Concentrations of the elements were 0.56-2.07, 0.14-0.38, 12.70-18.40, 0.014-0.094, and 1.13- 2.37 μg/L in the seawater and 8.94-32.2, 0.18-0.67, 4.51-30.5, 0.006-0.058, and 5.75-15.3 mg/kg in sediments for Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg and As, respectively. High concentrations of the trace metals and arsenic in seawater and surface sediments were generally observed near the fiver estuary. The pollution risk result of the elements showed that Cu was the prominent trace metal pollutant in seawater, followed by Hg, Pb, Cd and As. The metal complex pollution index in seawater was at a medium level. The most important trace metal pollutant in sediments was Cd, followed by As, Cu, Pb, and Hg. Our pollution assessment suggests that trace metal pollution in Laizhou Bay sediments was at a low level. The potential ecological risk was also low in surface sediment.

STUDY ON METHODS OF LAND USE DYNAMIC MONITORING AT COUNTY LEVEL──Taking Dehui County, Jilin Province for Example

Remote sensing technique has played an important role in land use dynamic monitoring, but as for the land use dynamic monitoring at county level, traditional remote sensing methods such as satellite imagery visual interpretation and computer classification can not meet its demand for accuracy. The result of 1:10 000 land use investigation map has high accuracy, but this method can not be used to dynamically monitor the land use because of its big expenses, long period and difficulty in updating data. In this paper, the characteristics of physiognomy, climate and the status of land use in Dehui County are taken into consideration and a set of method, which takes use of 3S techniques and applies to Northeast China Plain, is come up with. When the land use type of a land parcel changed as a whole, the date updating can be make by changing its land type ID in the attribute table in a GIS. When the land use type of an irregular area changed, GPS receivers are used to position its border. This set of method is characteristic of high accuracy and low expenses. It gets the information of land use change timely and can be used to dynamically monitor the land use. .

THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE PRECEDING WINTER MJO ACTIVITIES AND THE SUMMER PRECIPITATION IN YANGTZE-HUAIHE RIVER BASIN OF CHINA

The first two series(RMM1 and RMM2) of RMM Index(all-Season Real-time Multivariate MJO Index) are computed to obtain the interannual variation of the preceding winter(preceding December to current February) MJO strength,according to which active(or inactive) years of preceding winter MJO are divided.By utilizing the data provided by NCEP/NCAR,CMAP and China's 160 stations from 1979 to 2008,we studied the preceding winter MJO strength and discovered that the summer precipitation in the basin are of significantly negative correlation,i.e.when the preceding winter MJO is relatively active,the summer precipitation in the basin decreases,and vise verse.We also analyzed the causes.When the preceding winter MJO is relatively active,its release of potential heat facilities Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone(ITCZ) to strengthen and locate northward in winter and propagate northeastward.This abnormal situation lasts from winter to summer.In mid-May,ITCZ jumps northward to the South China Sea,the western Pacific subtropical high withdraws eastward,and the South China Sea summer monsoon sets off and strengthens.In summer,ITCZ propagates to South China Sea-subtropical western Pacific,the zonal circulation of subtropical Pacific strengthens,and a local meridional circulation of the South China Sea to the basin area forms,giving rise to the East Asia Pacific teleconnection wave-train.An East Asian monsoon trough and the Meiyu front show opposite features from south to north,the East Asian summer monsoon strengthens and advances northward.As a result,the summer monsoon is weakened as the basin is controlled by the subtropical high continually,with less rain in summer.On the contrary,when the preceding winter MJO is inactive,ITCZ weakens and is located southward,the subtropical high is located southward in summer,and the basin is in a region of ascending airflow with prevailing southwest wind.The East Asian monsoon trough and EASM weaken so that summer monsoon is reduced in the basin where precipitation increases.