论英语商务信件的潜在语式

学习外文资料的过程中学习者对于体裁的结构特征和文章类型比较敏感。如果熟知某一文章体裁,将对他们理解和写作这一体裁的文章有很大帮助。商务信件的体裁及其他相关文字信息有其独特的不同于其他类型文章体裁结构的潜在语式。了解其文章体裁结构的潜在语式将有助于理解和写作商务信件。

韩国语固有语法对韩国语中四字成语用法的制约作用

在韩国语中四字成语的用法受韩国语固有语法制约,具体表现为四字成语的用法在韩国语中不受其内部结构的影响,只相当于一个单词。且绝大多数四字成语在韩国语中的词性是名词,其中一部分不仅保留了原有的名词词性,还可与动词、形容词后缀"-■■"结合,派生成动词或形容词。还有一部分完全失去了独立作为单词的资格,只能作为"潜在语",出现在被派生后的动词或者形容词表意的部分,这部分四字成语被韩国语固有语法完全同化。

《牛津初中英语》Grammar教学之我见

《牛津初中英语》的语法教学是一个旷日持久迄未解决的问题,本文作者依据学生心理与生理特点,从激趣出发,将情感作依归,摸索了在情境中学、游戏中学、比较中学、语篇中学等多种行之有效的教法,确保了语法教学任务的切实完成。

《汉语大词典》书证初始例试补

《汉语大词典》有许多词条引例较实际产生的年代晚，有的甚至晚上一二千年，这不利于汉语词汇史的研究，有必要进行补证，本文试补一些。

Ontology and metadata for online learning resource repository management based on semantic web

An ontology and metadata for online learning resource repository management is constructed. First, based on the analysis of the use-case diagram, the upper ontology is illustrated which includes resource library ontology and user ontology, and evaluated from its function and implementation; then the corresponding class diagram, resource description framework （RDF） schema and extensible markup language （XML） schema are given. Secondly, the metadata for online learning resource repository management is proposed based on the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative and the IEEE Learning Technologies Standards Committee Learning Object Metadata Working Group. Finally, the inference instance is shown, which proves the validity of ontology and metadata in online learning resource repository management.

User-oriented web search based on PLSA

In order to solve the problem that current search engines provide query-oriented searches rather than user-oriented ones, and that this improper orientation leads to the search engines＇ inability to meet the personalized requirements of users, a novel method based on probabilistic latent semantic analysis （PLSA） is proposed to convert query-oriented web search to user-oriented web search. First, a user profile represented as a user＇ s topics of interest vector is created by analyzing the user＇ s click through data based on PLSA, then the user＇ s queries are mapped into categories based on the user＇ s preferences, and finally the result list is re-ranked according to the user＇ s interests based on the new proposed method named user-oriented PageRank （UOPR）. Experiments on real life datasets show that the user-oriented search system that adopts PLSA takes considerable consideration of user preferences and better satisfies a user＇ s personalized information needs.

言之有物 不蹈空虚:逻辑重音的存在和传播——以《海棠花祭》朗读为例

在日常生活中,识文断字的人有很多。但是通过自己的嗓音信号,在第一时间就能让他人听清楚、听明白,听了之后有感动,这样的人包括专业人士和职业者在内却并不多。究其原因,一个很明显的因素就是播音员、朗读者缺少甚至是没有对语句中的关键词(Keyword)的客观认知和精准表达。本文以《海棠花祭》的节选朗读为例展开解析型研究,提出了认识潜在语、分析逻辑重音和解决表达传播的一般规律。

Latent semantic analysis for query interfaces of deep web sites

To further enhance the efficiencies of search engines,achieving capabilities of searching,indexing and locating the information in the deep web,latent semantic analysis is a simple and effective way.Through the latent semantic analysis of the attributes in the query interfaces and the unique entrances of the deep web sites,the hidden semantic structure information can be retrieved and dimension reduction can be achieved to a certain extent.Using this semantic structure information,the contents in the site can be inferred and the similarity measures among sites in deep web can be revised.Experimental results show that latent semantic analysis revises and improves the semantic understanding of the query form in the deep web,which overcomes the shortcomings of the keyword-based methods.This approach can be used to effectively search the most similar site for any given site and to obtain a site list which conforms to the restrictions one specifies.

“名列前茅”的“茅”辨释

“名列前茅”这个成语,应用频率非常高。“茅”,各辞书多释为“茅草”,如《辞海》“前茅”条:“犹先头部队,古代行军时前哨斥候以茅为旌,如遇敌人或敌情有变化,举旌以警告后军。”《辞源》、《汉语大字典》均作如是解。其解说主要受《左传》杜预注“时楚以茅为旌识”的影响,似乎言之有据,但用“茅草”做旌旗实在是匪夷所思。

Fusing PLSA model and Markov random fields for automatic image annotation

A novel image auto-annotation method is presented based on probabilistic latent semantic analysis(PLSA) model and multiple Markov random fields(MRF).A PLSA model with asymmetric modalities is first constructed to estimate the joint probability between images and semantic concepts,then a subgraph is extracted served as the corresponding structure of Markov random fields and inference over it is performed by the iterative conditional modes so as to capture the final annotation for the image.The novelty of our method mainly lies in two aspects:exploiting PLSA to estimate the joint probability between images and semantic concepts as well as multiple MRF to further explore the semantic context among keywords for accurate image annotation.To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach,an experiment on the Corel5 k dataset is conducted and its results are compared favorably with the current state-of-the-art approaches.

Interaction of Units and Research Methods of Control Performances of Distributed Manufacturing Information System

In order to analyze the function demand of the distributed manufacturing information system as well as its control demand, and eliminate information ambiguity among system units to integrate semantics, the abstract Agent model and computational structure of each unit was presented based on flexible coupling automata. The autonomy of each unit was investigated in this foundation. The system unit was described using the Web Ontology Language (OWL) ontology. And the system semantics was also integrated. On these basics the communication among the system units was analyzed with an example of interaction between a machine and a warehouse. The control performances of information system units were investigated using Boolean matrix as a substitute for traditional process in RW theory, which reduced the computational complexity. This work established the foundation for the demand analysis, design and development of the distributed manufacture information system.

LSA Based Classification of Advertising Spam Reviews

In this study, methods to classify advertising reviews from shopping mall reviews are suggested. Advertising reviews are mostly written by companies and contain advertising contents. There are a few studies regarding the classification of opinion spam documents, which is very rare in foreign studies; however, there are no studies that classify advertising reviews from Korean reviews. In this study, the Naive Bayes Classifier was used to classify review documents and the POS （Part-of-Speech）-Tagging and bigram methods were used to extract specific words. The frequency calculation methods for the probability value of specific words were： （1） The general number of appearances of words （2） the frequency calculation of specific words through the suggested Latent Semantic Analysis （LSA）, and by recalculating the result from （1） in （2）, the performances of each method were compared. As a result, the methods from （2） showed 88.43% accuracy which is 8.89% higher than 79.54% which was the previous result from using the POS-Tagging ＋ Bigram method. Therefore, it was proved that the method suggested in this study is effective at classifying or extracting advertising reviews from Korean product review documents.

Necessary and Luxury Loanwords in British, American, and Georgian Online Newspapers and Magazines

The perception and use of loanwords in most literature, more specifically, online newspapers and magazines based on British, American, and Georgian media discourse, focus on the origin and the fundamental development of language content and the essentiality of luxury and necessary loanwords. Due to the fact that most magazines are created with an intention of convincing readers of various ideologies, most linguists would consider the use of loanwords to give a comprehensive presentation of ideas. Incorporating English loanwords is not only a requisite tool for integrating and addressing the cultural differences between various communities across the globe, but also acts as a bridge that fills the conceptual gaps that exist in various languages. This is no longer the job of a linguist, because there are many other ways through which the people of a particular country can adopt a loanword （e.g., social media）. Also, it enriches the recipient language and puts its citizens up to date with the latest developments and inventions.

Motivational Practices in Foreign Language Teaching:From the Perspective of Self-Determination Theory

This quantitative-oriented study investigates junior middle school EFL teachers’beliefs about motivational practices in the language teaching process.Grounded in self-determination theory,the study examined teachers’beliefs in three basic psychological needs(relatedness,competence and autonomy)and the effect of their teaching experience on these beliefs.Data were obtained from 84 Chinese junior middle school English teachers through a questionnaire.Results suggested that teachers recognized motivational practices for relatedness and competence satisfaction while showing relatively low recognition of a few motivating practices for autonomy satisfaction.Teaching experience was found to have no influence on teachers’conception of needs-related motivational practices.Findings reveal that traditional activities like collective lesson preparations may have a negative influence on teachers’beliefs about motivational practices.They also present the necessity for adjustments on educational regulations,and for modern professional training to help teachers understand students’basic psychological needs,and to encourage new ideas to bolster students’intrinsic motivation for language learning.

The potential motivational values of English proverbs and quotations in Chinese EFL tea ching

Although English proverbs and quotations are quite popular with language teachers and learners, and although there are sizeable body of research addressing the various aspects of English proverbs and quotations, their potential motivational values lacks theoretical support to date. This paper intends to explore the theoretical rationales for English proverbs and quotations to be a valuable tool for inspiring teachers and textbooks in Chinese EFL teaching. Based on QIN and WEN＇s conceptual model of motivation （2002） as well as teacher-specific and group-specific motivational theories, it analyzes the potential uses of English proverbs and quotations, with the conclusion that many English proverbs and quotations may serve to be an impetus as well as affective/cognitive mediators in the pre-actional and actional stages of learning, and may help to promote teacher-specific and group-specific motivational dynamics, which in turn benefit student achievement.

Online Edutainment Videos Recontextualizing and Reconceptualizing Expert Discourse in a Participatory Web-culture

The online world is becoming more and more edutainment, where learning, getting informed and entertained seem to be part of one and the same activity. As a result of this current fascination, people are drawn increasingly towards a new genre, i.e. free online 20-minute long lectures that borrow from film and storytelling techniques, that are offering an engaging series of speeches and even courses in many different scientific subjects. Though English as a lingua franca is still the dominant language of the internet, as a result of a growing new trend, namely crowdsourcing translation, knowledge dissemination is further enhanced and is now reaching further into many different cultures, allowing even the so-called minor languages to regain dignity and circulate, by engaging native speakers from different cultural backgrounds. This paper offers an overview on the phenomenon of online edutainment considering the role played by collaborative users who not only enjoy but also create and translate content. In addition, a case study focused on TED Talks allows a more in depth analysis of the new genre and the increasing need for subtitling scripts.

A PSL Ontology-based Shop Floor Dynamical Scheduler Design

Due to the complex,uncertainty and dynamics in the modern manufacturing environment,a flexible and robust shop floor scheduler is essential to achieve the production goals.A design framework of a shop floor dynamical scheduler is presented in this paper.The workflow and function modules of the scheduler are discussed in detail.A multi-step adaptive scheduling strategy and a process specification language,which is an ontology-based representation of process plan,are utilized in the proposed scheduler.The scheduler acquires the dispatching rule from the knowledge base and uses the build-in on-line simulator to evaluate the obtained rule.These technologies enable the scheduler to improve its fine-tune ability and effectively transfer process information into other heterogeneous information systems in a shop floor.The effectiveness of the suggested structure will be demonstrated via its application in the scheduling system of a manufacturing enterprise.

Evaluation of Multistrategy Classifiers for Heterogeneous Ontology Matching On the Semantic Web

On the semantic web, data interoperability and ontology heterogeneity are becoming ever more important issues. To resolve these problems, multiple classification methods can be used to learn the matching between ontologies. The paper uses the general statistic classification method to discover category features in data instances and use the first-order learning algorithm FOIL to exploit the semantic relations among data instances. When using multistrategy learning approach, a central problem is the evaluation of multistrategy classifiers. The goal and the conditions of using multistrategy classifiers within ontology matching are different from the ones for general text classification. This paper describes the combination rule of multiple classifiers called the Best Outstanding Champion, which is suitable for heterogeneous ontology mapping. On the prediction results of individual methods, the method can well accumulate the correct matching of alone classifier. The experiments show that the approach achieves high accuracy on real-world domain.

Lexical Bundles and Implicit Lexical Knowledge

In recent years, there have been emergent interests in L2 learners＇ implicit lexical knowledge. Researchers employed psycholinguistic methods to investigate the online processing of formulaic sequences in L2 （idioms and collocations） and find evidence for holistic processing of the target linguistic sequences. This paper reviews and comments on lexical bundles and related concepts, trying to make clear this well focused research area in second language acquisition （SLA）. Literature is reviewed and criticized on frequency effect in L2 learning, formulaic sequences, and implicit/explicit knowledge/learning, including their theoretical basis, methodology, and conclusion. In this paper, the author argues that sufficient practice, either receptive or productive, can turn explicit knowledge implicit, making it automatically accessed and retrieved. Suggestions on further study in lexical bundles are given.

Understanding and improving online statistical translation method

Companies like Google, MSN and Yahoo provide translation services on their websites, generating translations based on statistical bilingual text corpora. Human translation seems to be inferior in face of huge amount of information and fast development of computer science. Despite the functions and versatility of statistical machine translation, it may never take the place of human effort. Teachers are supposed to guide the students in using online translation system.