地下变水位条件下塔里木河下游河岸胡杨林蒸腾模型

选择在塔里木河下游普遍生长的胡杨林(Populus euphratica)为供试植被(3种不同大小胡杨),以大气温度、太阳净辐射、大气相对湿度、冠层顶风速、地下水位和胡杨树茎横截面积等6个影响因子作为影响胡杨林蒸腾量的自变量,基于最小二乘法建立了多元线性回归模型与非线性模型相结合的多元非线性回归耦合模型,并应用模型对地下变水位条件下塔里木河下游河岸胡杨林的耗水过程分别进行了时尺度和日尺度上的模拟研究。结果表明:在日内变化(时尺度)方面,大气温度、相对湿度、辐射、地下水位和树茎横截面积等5个因子是影响胡杨林蒸腾量的主要因素,在不同地下水位条件(Hg=1.0 m、1.2 m、2.5 m、3.0 m)条件下,胡杨蒸腾量观测与模拟的平均确定系数分别为0.69、0.87、0.82和0.88;而在日均变化(日尺度)方面,大气温度、地下水位和树茎横截面积等3个因子是影响胡杨林蒸腾量的主要因素,胡杨林的蒸腾量观测值与模拟值表现出较好的相关性,其确定系数与决定系数分别为R=0.73、R2=0.532,平均相对误差为19.6%,其显著性水平均通过p=0.05,表现出较好的拟合性。总之,模拟结果与试验观测结果比较吻合,该回归耦合模型具有使用简便、影响因子易测定,能够更好刻画植被腾发量的复杂非线性特性,为干旱区自然植被耗水量的估算提供了计算方法和科学依据。

泰安市世行贷款二期项目区地下水监测研究

为合理开发利用地下水资源提供科学依据,确保地下水资源可持续利用,防止由于超采地下水而诱发环境危害,对泰安市世行贷款二期项目区地下水动态变化规律、水资源的分布特征进行了分析研究,提出了地下水合理开发利用的建议。

Effect of Irrigation on Groundwater Dynamic Change in the Typical Irrigated Area of Qinghai Province

Under the influence of the natural and human factors, water table of irri- gated area Changes frequently, but it is mainly affected by irrigation water infiltration replenishment during the irrigation. 5 groundwater observation wells were constructed in experimental plot of the Daxia irrigated area to carry out the experiment of the effect of irrigation on groundwater dynamic change in this research. The results showed that the groundwater stage dynarnic change rule of spring and seedling irri- gation stage in the typical plot was fit to the hydrological geology condition of grade- I terrace of Huangshui river valley. On the whole, lateral canal water direction formed a line effect. The No. 1 and No. 2 observation well were the closest to the lateral canal, which received more supplies, and the water level was the highest; the No, 3 observation well took the second place; The No. 4 and No. 5 observation well accepted least supplies, and the water level was the lowest. The rangeability of water table of spring irrigation period was significantly higher than that of seedling irrigation period, this is mainly due to the difference value of intake water volume and drainage water volume of spring irrigation phase was significantly higher than the seedling irrigation phase.

Study on the change rule of groundwater level and its impacts on vegetation at arid mining area

The shallow groundwater in Shendong mining area was broken because of large-scale underground mining activities. Selecting 32201 working-face as research area, analyzed the change rule of groundwater level and aquifer thickness under mining impact with a large number of water level observation data. Then, the impacts of groundwater level change on vegetation were analyzed by the relationship theory of arid area groundwater and vegetation. The results show that the aquifer structure and the water condition of supply flow and drainage are changed by the water proof mining. The groundwater level recovere only a little compared with the original groundwater level in two years. But the great change of groundwater level do not have notable influences on vegetation of this mining area, and further study indicates that there are certain conditions where groundwater level change impacted on vegetation. When the influence of groundwater level change was evaluated, the plant ecological water level, warning water level and spatial distribution character of original groundwater and mining-impacted groundwater-level change should be integrated.

Influence of groundwater level change on vegetation coverage and their spatial variation in arid regions

Sampling and testing are conducted on groundwater depth and vegetation coverage in the 670 km2 of the Sangong River Basin and semi-variance function analysis is made afterwards on the data obtained by the application of geo-statistics. Results showed that the variance curve of the groundwater depth and vegetation coverage displays an exponential model. Analysis of sampling data in 2003 indicates that the groundwater depth and vegetation coverage change similarly in space in this area. The Sangong River Basin is composed of upper oasis, middle ecotone and lower sand dune. In oasis and ecotone, influenced by irrigation of the adjoining oasis, groundwater level has been raised and soil water content also increased compared with sand dune nearby, vegetation developed well. But in the lower reaches of the Sangong River Basin, because of descending of groundwater level, soil water content decreased and vegetation degenerated. From oasis to abandoned land and desert grassland, vegetation coverage and groundwater level changed greatly with significant difference respectively in spatial variation. Distinct but similar spatial variability exists among the groundwater depth and vegetation coverage in the study area, namely, the vegetation coverage decreasing (increasing) as the groundwater depth increases (decreases). This illustrates the great dependence of vegetation coverage on groundwater depth in arid regions and further implies that among the great number of factors affecting vegetation coverage in arid regions, groundwater depth turns out to be the most determinant one.

Mining-induced variation in water levels in unconsolidated aquifers and mechanisms of water preservation in mines

Phreatic water resources are widely found in thick unconsolidated surface layers in western China, where water levels respond sensitively and quickly to large-scale underground mining in conjunction with shallow coal seams. Longwall face #32201 of the Bulianta Coal Mine, in the Shendong coalfield was selected as an industrial trail base, where field observations on ground-water levels were conducted when the working face was below a water-rich area. The space-time variation in the behavior of un-consolidated water levels in response to underground mining and its relation with of advance were observed through the field trials. The basic conditions for water preservation in mines are presented and the mechanisms of water preservation in mining analyzed, given the geological condition of two key strata and a severely weathered layer buried in the overburden. The field trails show that water preservation in mining shallow coal seams can be successful under suitable conditions, providing new technology for envi-ronmental protection in the desert coalfields of northwestern China.