衡阳盐矿区深部地下空间储气地质条件适宜性初评

衡阳盐矿区一带地下深部空间富含盐矿资源,其中湘衡盐矿矿山更是具备中国特大型盐岩矿床,盐岩开采留下的盐腔空间具备用于能源储存及高污染废物的永久处置的潜力。通过对衡阳盐矿区一带的地层、构造、矿层特征、盐矿空间分布、顶底板及盖层工程地质特征的论述,对衡阳盐矿区一带深部盐腔储气的地质条件适宜性进行初步评价,结果表明:研究区一带可分为白露港-金甲岭盐矿段和茶山坳盐矿段,水平分布受构造控制明显,盐矿主要分布在茶山坳段第三岩性带(E_(2)x^(1-3)),中上部以盐岩矿层为主体,夹钙芒硝岩、钙芒硝泥岩、硬石膏岩及泥岩,偶夹紫红色泥岩;评价认为白露港-金甲岭盐矿段较茶山坳盐矿段矿体埋深及保存条件更好,可作为地下储气库建设首选场地。

陕西省黄河流域地下水资源状况及开发利用分析

本文整理统计了陕西省黄河流域近20年来的地下水资源相关资料,根据平原区及山丘区的类型特征,按照不同分区方法将研究区域划分为10个水资源三级区和11个市级行政区,分别采用补给法和排泄法计算对应分区内矿化度不大于2 mg/L的浅层地下水资源量。全面论述了陕西省黄河流域内地下水资源的空间分布特征,并根据各地区地下水开采利用现状,探讨不同区域的地下水资源开采潜力,结果表明:对于平原区,入大北干流水系与渭河水系的地下水资源模数均值相近,陕北地区地下水资源模数均值低于关中地区;对于山丘区,地下水资源模数总体上呈现北低南高的分布规律,入大北干流水系模数均值低于渭河水系,陕北地区的模数均值低于关中地区。整体来看,全流域现阶段地下水资源开采程度适中,部分地区开采潜力较大,其中西安市和杨凌区存在地下水超采问题。

瞬变电磁法在公路隧道地下水预报中的应用

针对某高速公路隧道掌子面临近富水断层F4-3的地质背景,为探明掌子面前方地下水发育情况,利用瞬变电磁法开展超前地质预报工作。通过多测线、多方位的探测方式,综合分析各方位测线的探测结果,预报掌子面前方地下水的发育段落及空间分布情况。预报结果表明:1)YK90+755^+811段地下水发育;2)YK90+755^+811段富水部位主要位于开挖方向的左右两侧。最后通过超前钻孔验证,瞬变电磁探测富水区域和超前水平钻孔探测出水位置基本一致,较准确地预测了地下水的发育段落。实际开挖后富水情况与瞬变电磁预报富水段落及地下水空间分布基本吻合,取得了较好的预报效果。

广西凌云县地下水资源量评价

为研究广西凌云县地下水资源状况,在分析区内地质构造、岩溶发育特征、含水介质及水动力条件的基础上,采用降水入渗系数法和枯季径流模数法分别对凌云县地下水天然补给量和可开采资源量进行评价,并对地下水资源空间分布特征进行分析。结果表明全区地下水多年平均天然补给量112619.73万m^(3)/a,其中岩溶地下水多年平均天然补给量69797.68万m^(3)/a,基岩裂隙水多年平均天然补给量为42822.05万m^(3)/a,可开采资源量为9840.37万m^(3)/a。区内岩溶发育较强烈,岩溶形态丰富,岩溶发育在垂向上具有一定分带性,高程跨度大,地下水资源空间分布总体相对较为均匀。研究成果为凌云县地下水资源可持续开发利用提供了科学依据。

Evaluation of development potential of pumped hydroelectric storage and geothermal utilization system in abandoned coal mine

Every year in China,a significant number of mines are closed or abandoned.The pumped hydroelectric storage(PHS)and geothermal utilization are vital means to efficiently repurpose resources in abandoned mine.In this work,the development potentials of the PHS and geothermal utilization systems were evaluated.Considering the geological conditions and meteorological data available of Jiahe abandoned mine,a simple evaluation model for PHS and geothermal utilization was established.The average efficiency of the PHS system exceeds 70%and the regulatable energy of a unit volume is over 1.53 kW·h/m^(3).The PHS system achieves optimal performance when the wind/solar power ratio reaches 0.6 and 0.3 in daily and year scale,respectively.In the geothermal utilization system,the outlet temperature and heat production are significantly affected by the injection flow rate.The heat production performance is more stable at lower rate flow,and the proportion of heat production is higher in the initial stage at greater flow rate.As the operating time increases,the proportion of heat production gradually decreases.The cyclic heat storage status has obvious advantages in heat generation and cooling.Furthermore,the energy-saving and emission reduction benefits of PHS and geothermal utilization systems were calculated.

水文响应单元法在盐渍化风险评价中的应用

运用水文响应单元(HRUs)法评价洮儿河流域地下水环境空间变化对盐渍化风险等级的影响过程,利用反映地下水环境空间变化的3 个重要参数:水文区权重(HZ)、水位埋深(DTW)和水位上升速率(RR),由其3个等级网格值算术相乘HRU = DTW*RR*HZ在GIS 平台上生成2001 年水文响应单元图。结果表明:(1)洮儿河流域整体上盐渍化风险非常小,低风险区主要分布在水文区A、水文区B和水文区D中的安广镇、烧锅镇一带,主要原因是由于区域地下水位下降、水文区A水文及水文地质条件较好;(2)高风险区主要分布在莫莫格湿地、镇赉县境内和来福-叉干镇一带,主要是由于嫩江排泄通道受阻、地表水体的补给以及水田不合理的灌溉造成的。

Influence of groundwater level change on vegetation coverage and their spatial variation in arid regions

Sampling and testing are conducted on groundwater depth and vegetation coverage in the 670 km2 of the Sangong River Basin and semi-variance function analysis is made afterwards on the data obtained by the application of geo-statistics. Results showed that the variance curve of the groundwater depth and vegetation coverage displays an exponential model. Analysis of sampling data in 2003 indicates that the groundwater depth and vegetation coverage change similarly in space in this area. The Sangong River Basin is composed of upper oasis, middle ecotone and lower sand dune. In oasis and ecotone, influenced by irrigation of the adjoining oasis, groundwater level has been raised and soil water content also increased compared with sand dune nearby, vegetation developed well. But in the lower reaches of the Sangong River Basin, because of descending of groundwater level, soil water content decreased and vegetation degenerated. From oasis to abandoned land and desert grassland, vegetation coverage and groundwater level changed greatly with significant difference respectively in spatial variation. Distinct but similar spatial variability exists among the groundwater depth and vegetation coverage in the study area, namely, the vegetation coverage decreasing (increasing) as the groundwater depth increases (decreases). This illustrates the great dependence of vegetation coverage on groundwater depth in arid regions and further implies that among the great number of factors affecting vegetation coverage in arid regions, groundwater depth turns out to be the most determinant one.

Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Groundwater in Aguanaval and Chupaderos Aquifers （Mexico）

Adequate regional groundwater assessment studies are essential for the correct groundwater management by policy/decision makers; increased use of groundwater resources and drought have led to concern about the future availability of groundwater to meet domestic, agricultural, industrial, and environmental needs. Deep understanding of spatial and temporal water table dynamics together with transport processes is required. This paper gathers historical geological, hidrological and chemical information for quantitative and qualitative as well as spatial and temporal evolution of groundwater for Aguanaval and Chupaderos aquifers, both surrounding Calera aquifer in Mexico. Historical databases were employed to determine temporal trends of water levels and values were projected for years 2010, 2030 and 2050. Potential recharge sites were also identified through water level-topography correlation. The water quality analysis was completed by obtaining, through geostatistics, spatial distributions for bicarbonate, chloride, sulfate, total dissolved solids, temperature, and sodium, employing databases generated in recent sampling campaigns. This analysis provided additional elements to help understand the functioning of groundwater in studied aquifers. Finally, results were compared with permissible values established in the Mexican norm.

Effects of Spatial Information of Soil Physical Properties on Hydrological Modeling Based on a Distributed Hydrological Model

The spatial distribution of soil physical properties is essential for modeling and understanding hydrological processes. In this study, the different spatial information (the conventional soil types map-based spatial information (STMB) versus refined spatial information map (RSIM)) of soil physical properties, including field capacity, soil porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity are used respectively as input data for Water Flow Model for Lake Catchment (WATLAC) to determine their effectiveness in simulating hydrological processes and to expound the effects on model performance in terms of estimating groundwater recharge, soil evaporation, runoff generation as well as partitioning of surface and subsurface water flow. The results show that: 1) the simulated stream flow hydrographs based on the STMB and RSIM soil data reproduce the observed hydrographs well. There is no significant increase in model accuracy as more precise soil physical properties information being used, but WATLAC model using the RSIM soil data could predict more runoff volume and reduce the relative runoff depth errors; 2) the groundwater recharges have a consistent trend for both cases, while the STMB soil data tend to produce higher groundwater recharges than the RSIM soil data. In addition, the spatial distribution of annual groundwater recharge is significantly affected by the spatial distribution of soil physical properties; 3) the soil evaporation simulated using the STMB and RSIM soil data are similar to each other, and the spatial distribution patterns are also insensitive to the spatial information of soil physical properties; and 4) although the different spatial information of soil physical properties does not cause apparent difference in overall stream flow, the partitioning of surface and subsurface water flow is distinct. The implications of this study are that the refined spatial information of soil physical properties does not necessarily contribute to a more accurate prediction of stream flow, and the selection of appropriate soil physical property data needs to consider the scale of watersheds and the level of accuracy required.

Applications of variogram modeling to electrical resistivity data for the occurrence and distribution of saline groundwater in Domail Plain,northwestern Himalayan fold and thrust belt,Pakistan

This paper studies electrical resistivity dataset acquired for a groundwater study in the Domail Plain in the northwestern Himalayan section of Pakistan. Through a combination of geostatistical analysis,geophysical inversion and visualization techniques,it is possible to re-model and visualize the single dimension resistivity data into 2D and 3D space.The variogram models are utilized to extend the interpretation of the data and to distinguish individual lithologic units and the occurrence of saline water within the subsurface. The resistivity data has been calibrated with the lithological logs taken from the available boreholes. As such the alluvial system of the Domail Plain has formed during episodes of local tectonic activity with fluvial erosion and depositionyielding coarse sediments with high electrical resistivities near to the mountain ranges and finer sediments with medium to low electrical resistivities which tend to settle in the basin center. Thus a change is depositional setting happened from basin lacustrine environment to flash flooding during the Himalayan orogeny. The occurrence of rock salt in the northern mountains has imparted a great influence on the groundwater quality of the study area. The salt is dissolved by water which infiltrates into the subsurface through the water channels. Variogram aided gridding of resistivity data helps to identify the occurrence and distribution of saline water in the subsurface.

Spatial Patterns of Irrigation Water Withdrawals in China and Implications for Water Saving

By considering numerical features, spatial variation, and spatial association, the spatial patterns of China's irrigation water withdrawals in 2001 and 2010 were explored at the regional, provincial, and prefectural scales. In addition, an overlay analysis was used to develop specific water-saving guidance for areas under different levels of water stress and with different degrees of irrigation water withdrawals. It was found that at the regional scale, irrigation water withdrawals were highest in the Middle-Lower Yangtze River region in both years, while at the provincial scale, the largest irrigation water withdrawals occurred in Xinjiang. During 2001–2010, the total of irrigation water withdrawals decreased; however, in the Northeast region, especially in Heilongjiang Province, it experienced a dramatic increase. The spatial variation was largest at the prefectural scale, with an apparent effect. The spatial association was globally negative at the provincial scale, and Xinjiang was the only significant high-low outlier. In contrast, the association displayed a significant positive relationship at the prefectural scale, and several clusters and outliers were detected. Finally, it was found that the water stress in the northern part of China worsened and water-saving irrigation techniques urgently need to be applied in the Northeast region, the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain region, and Gansu-Xinjiang region. This study verified that a multi-scale and aspect analysis of the spatial patterns of irrigation water withdrawals were essential and provided water-saving advice for different areas.

Evaluation and Hotspots Identification of Shallow Groundwater Contamination Risk in the Lower Reaches of the Liaohe River Plain

As a prerequisite for groundwater protection and contamination control, evaluation of groundwater con- tamination risk was the extension of groundwater vulnerability assessment. Based on disaster theory and using shallow groundwater of the lower reaches of Liaohe River Plain as the study area, we built an evaluation index system and a contamination index model for groundwater contamination risks from the perspectives of intrinsic vulnerability, external stresses, and functional value. We used data acquisition technology （remote sensing） and spatial analysis technology （GIS） to calculate the value of groundwater contamination risks. The spatial distribution of hotspots was obtained by calculating G index. Results show that groundwater contamination is above a mid-level risk in most of the study area. Areas with extreme high risk account for 37.86%, areas with high risk 32.47%, areas with moderate risk 12.07%, areas with light risk 3.17%, and areas with slight risk 14.43%. Hotspots areas are mainly located in central Shenyang City, northwest of Xinmin City, Beizhen City and Liaozhong County. Coldspots are mainly in Panjin City, Yingkou City, Dashiqiao City, Dawa County and Panshan County. The results reflect the spatial distribution and mechanism of groundwater contamination risk in the study area and provide relative references for land use planning and groundwater resource protection in the lower reaches of the Liaohe River Plain.