国际地面沉降研究综述

文章在介绍国际地面沉降会议历史及2000年第六届国际地面沉降会议简况的基础上,并根据2000年第六届国际地面沉降会议论文,对国际地面沉降研究进展情况分成如下六个方面进行了综述。地面沉降地质因素介绍了古代地面沉降、泥炭层沉降、地震砂土液化地面沉降和海平面上升研究状况。地下流体运移地面沉降方面介绍了以地下水开采为主的地面沉降问题及地面塌陷、天然气开采引起的地面沉降、均匀沉降对建筑结构的破坏和欠固结石英含水层的压密。固矿开采引起的地面沉降问题介绍了非溶解性矿开采引起的大区域沉降和溶解性矿开采导致的地面沉降。地面沉降灾害治理与决策制订介绍了保护威尼斯泄湖不受地面沉降影响的有关措施、地面沉阵引起的法律纠纷和防治地面沉降的社会决策制订。地面沉降测量与监测介绍了土层压缩性研究成果、放射性分层标技术、星载合成孔径雷达干涉监测技术及GPS和G1S在地面沉降监测中的应用。地面沉降计算与模拟介绍了地下水开采引起的地面沉降预测、矿坑涌水地面沉降计算、固矿开采引起的地面沉降预测、天然气开采引起的地面沉降预测和潜水变化所导致的地面沉降计算。

Study on water loss of the surface stream affected by iongwali mining

In order to study the effect of Iongwall mining on surface stream water, monitoring stations of water flow rate was established. A lot of water flowing data were collected before, during and after Iongwall mining. Based on monitoring data, the effects of Iongwall mining on surface stream water were analyzed. The results demonstrate that Iongwall mining has effects on the surface stream water; and the stream water would be lost and decrease due to Iongwall mining but never go into underground through fractured zone. Also, the mechanism of water loss due to Iongwall mining was presented. The stream water can go into the surface cracks in the intersection of stream and surface cracks, longwall mining subsidence can change the surface stream slope and the downstream water flowing status. The results also show the effects of Iongwall mining on stream water are temporary and about one or two years later, surface stream water can be recovered.