Wireless sensor networks are useful complements to existing monitoring systems in underground mines. They play an important role of enhancing and improving coverage and flexibility of safety monitoring systems.Regions...Wireless sensor networks are useful complements to existing monitoring systems in underground mines. They play an important role of enhancing and improving coverage and flexibility of safety monitoring systems.Regions prone to danger and environments after disasters in underground mines require saving and balancing energy consumption of nodes to prolong the lifespan of networks.Based on the structure of a tunnel,we present a Long Chain-type Wireless Sensor Network（LC-WSN）to monitor the safety of underground mine tunnels.We define the optimal transmission distance and the range of the key region and present an Energy Optimal Routing（EOR）algorithm for LC-WSN to balance the energy consumption of nodes and maximize the lifespan of networks.EOR constructs routing paths based on an optimal transmission distance and uses an energy balancing strategy in the key region.Simulation results show that the EOR algorithm extends the lifespan of a network,balances the energy consumption of nodes in the key region and effectively limits the length of routing paths,compared with similar algorithms.展开更多
A real-time Diesel Particulate Matter （DPM） monitor has been developed on the base of the successful National In- stitute of Occupational Health and Safety （NIOSH） designed Personal Dust Monitor （PDM） unit. The ...A real-time Diesel Particulate Matter （DPM） monitor has been developed on the base of the successful National In- stitute of Occupational Health and Safety （NIOSH） designed Personal Dust Monitor （PDM） unit. The objectives of a recently completed Australian Coal Association Research Program （ACARP） study was to modify the PDM to measure the submicrometre fraction of the aerosol in a real-time monitoring underground instrument. Mine testing focused on use of the monitor in engineering evaluations of Longwall （LW） moves demonstrated how DPM concentrations from vehicles fluctuate under varying ventilation and operational conditions. The strong influence of mine ventilation systems is reviewed. Correlation between the current SKC DPM measurement system and real-time DPM monitors were conducted and results from eight mines show a correlation between elemental carbon （EC） and the new monitor DPM mass ranging from 0.45 to 0.82 with R2〉0.86 in all but two cases. This differences in suspected to be due to variations from mine to mine in aspects such as mine atmospheric contamination, vehicle fleet variations, fuel type, engine maintenance, engine combustion efficiency, engine behavior or interference from other submicrometre aerosol. Real-time monitoring clearly reflects the movement of individual diesel vehicles and allows pin-pointing of high exposure zones such as those encountered where various vehicles engage in intense work in areas of constrained or difficult ventilation. DPM shift average monitoring approaches do not readily allow successful engineering evaluation exercises to determine acceptability of pollution levels. Identification of high DPM concentration zones allows efficient modification of mine ventilation, operator positioning and other work practices to reduce miners＇ exposures without waiting for laboratory analysis results.展开更多
Described the main environmental hazards occurring in Polish undergroundmines and their continuous growth in recent years as well as equipment and systemswhich were used for monitoring mine air parameters and geodynam...Described the main environmental hazards occurring in Polish undergroundmines and their continuous growth in recent years as well as equipment and systemswhich were used for monitoring mine air parameters and geodynamic phenomena.Thelatest versions of environmental hazard monitoring systems,having a form of a comprehensiveset of underground and surface equipment,are presented and their functionscharacterized.展开更多
There are many potential hazards in the underground mining these include fire, explosion, inundation, roof collapse, toxic gases, chemical pollution, etc. Over past centuries, in US alone, more than 100 000 miners los...There are many potential hazards in the underground mining these include fire, explosion, inundation, roof collapse, toxic gases, chemical pollution, etc. Over past centuries, in US alone, more than 100 000 miners lost their life in different accidents. The primary safety methods used in underground mines concentrate on the monitoring of the hazardous gases, fire detection and ventilation. Using advanced instruments and monitoring techniques have significantly reduced the accidents in the modem mines. However despite the advancement of these monitoring facilities, accidents still occur in underground mining annually in the world, and many miners were killed because they were trapped and unable to escape due to blocked of exit access. Described a new development for the emergency evacuation system in underground mines and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the system. It is expected that the new system will greatly improve the emergency exit methods and save more lives in the future.展开更多
基金Financial support for this work,provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50904070)the Science and Technology Foundation of China University of Mining & Technology (Nos.2007A046 and 2008A042)the Joint Production and Research Innovation Project of Jiangsu Province (No.BY2009114)
文摘Wireless sensor networks are useful complements to existing monitoring systems in underground mines. They play an important role of enhancing and improving coverage and flexibility of safety monitoring systems.Regions prone to danger and environments after disasters in underground mines require saving and balancing energy consumption of nodes to prolong the lifespan of networks.Based on the structure of a tunnel,we present a Long Chain-type Wireless Sensor Network（LC-WSN）to monitor the safety of underground mine tunnels.We define the optimal transmission distance and the range of the key region and present an Energy Optimal Routing（EOR）algorithm for LC-WSN to balance the energy consumption of nodes and maximize the lifespan of networks.EOR constructs routing paths based on an optimal transmission distance and uses an energy balancing strategy in the key region.Simulation results show that the EOR algorithm extends the lifespan of a network,balances the energy consumption of nodes in the key region and effectively limits the length of routing paths,compared with similar algorithms.
文摘A real-time Diesel Particulate Matter （DPM） monitor has been developed on the base of the successful National In- stitute of Occupational Health and Safety （NIOSH） designed Personal Dust Monitor （PDM） unit. The objectives of a recently completed Australian Coal Association Research Program （ACARP） study was to modify the PDM to measure the submicrometre fraction of the aerosol in a real-time monitoring underground instrument. Mine testing focused on use of the monitor in engineering evaluations of Longwall （LW） moves demonstrated how DPM concentrations from vehicles fluctuate under varying ventilation and operational conditions. The strong influence of mine ventilation systems is reviewed. Correlation between the current SKC DPM measurement system and real-time DPM monitors were conducted and results from eight mines show a correlation between elemental carbon （EC） and the new monitor DPM mass ranging from 0.45 to 0.82 with R2〉0.86 in all but two cases. This differences in suspected to be due to variations from mine to mine in aspects such as mine atmospheric contamination, vehicle fleet variations, fuel type, engine maintenance, engine combustion efficiency, engine behavior or interference from other submicrometre aerosol. Real-time monitoring clearly reflects the movement of individual diesel vehicles and allows pin-pointing of high exposure zones such as those encountered where various vehicles engage in intense work in areas of constrained or difficult ventilation. DPM shift average monitoring approaches do not readily allow successful engineering evaluation exercises to determine acceptability of pollution levels. Identification of high DPM concentration zones allows efficient modification of mine ventilation, operator positioning and other work practices to reduce miners＇ exposures without waiting for laboratory analysis results.
文摘Described the main environmental hazards occurring in Polish undergroundmines and their continuous growth in recent years as well as equipment and systemswhich were used for monitoring mine air parameters and geodynamic phenomena.Thelatest versions of environmental hazard monitoring systems,having a form of a comprehensiveset of underground and surface equipment,are presented and their functionscharacterized.
文摘There are many potential hazards in the underground mining these include fire, explosion, inundation, roof collapse, toxic gases, chemical pollution, etc. Over past centuries, in US alone, more than 100 000 miners lost their life in different accidents. The primary safety methods used in underground mines concentrate on the monitoring of the hazardous gases, fire detection and ventilation. Using advanced instruments and monitoring techniques have significantly reduced the accidents in the modem mines. However despite the advancement of these monitoring facilities, accidents still occur in underground mining annually in the world, and many miners were killed because they were trapped and unable to escape due to blocked of exit access. Described a new development for the emergency evacuation system in underground mines and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the system. It is expected that the new system will greatly improve the emergency exit methods and save more lives in the future.
