地区区位优势、海洋产业集聚与区域海洋经济分异——基于新经济地理学中心-外围模型的研究

海洋产业集聚是区域海洋经济发展中的重要现象。通过将地区区位优势因素引入到克鲁格曼的中心—外围模型中,研究地区区位优势、海洋产业集聚与区域海洋经济分异之间的关系。研究结果表明,伴随着地区区位优势的提高,会吸引海洋产业在该地区形成集聚,且区位优势的提高也会相应提高该地区高技能劳动力的工资水平,从而高技能劳动力会迁移到该地区,这样采用此类劳动力的海洋产业也会在该地区形成集聚。海洋产业集聚会引发区域海洋经济分异,这就要求经济落后地区要根据其特点提高区位优势,从而实现区域海洋经济的协调发展。

区位因素影响下的铁路客运站建筑形态新发展

本文首先简要阐述我国目前铁路客运站站房的建筑形态与功能的现状。通过对地区适应性变迁的研究,阐述铁路客运站建筑形态的演变历程,探讨在当前的社会需求与铁路技术背景下,期望铁路客运站的建筑文化未来能够朝着更以人为本的方向回归与生成。

药材种植与少数民族地区区域经济发展思考

如何根据少数民族地区,尤其是少数民族贫困地区的特点进行扶贫,使当地人民从根本上摆脱贫困,一直是西部地区发展的重要课题。本文从真实案例出发,详细地剖析了以企业为轴心,从资源配置的角度与政府和农户达成共识,各取所需,和谐发展的实践过程。

Revitalizing Old Industrial Base of Northeast China:Process, Policy and Challenge

Northeast China is the largest old industrial base of China that endured persistent influence of the past planned economy system. This region has lost its leading place since the reform and opening up, and became a backward region by contrast with the coastal areas. This paper elaborates the evolutionary process of the old industrial base of Northeast China, analyses the main reasons for the decline, gives a preliminary evaluation on the revitalizing polices in recent years, and points out major long-term challenges for future revitalization. It concludes that for Northeast China, a relative declining area: 1) it is indispensable to get the long-term policy support from the central government; 2) system reform and structure adjustment are the crucial strategies, particularly the reform of the large and medium state-owned enterprises; and devel-oping new industries is as important as upgrading traditional advantaged industries; 3) the local governments should play an indirect role, avoiding from any unnecessary intervention on economic activity; and 4) social security and investment climate must be improved simultaneously. In addition, the author stresses that the lack of knowledge on the nature of old industrial base had led to failures of the past initiatives, and revitalizing the old industrial base should be treated as a holis-tic regional project including economy growth, society progress and environment improvement.

ANALYSIS ON INTRA-ANNUAL INHOMOGENEITY OF RAINSTORM EVENTS IN GUANGXI

Based on the daily precipitation data of 83 stations in Guangxi and the NCEP/NCAR monthly reanalysis data from 1979 through 2008, the characteristics of spatial and temporal distribution and variation of the rainstorm concentration degree(RCD) and the rainstorm concentration period(RCP) are analyzed by using the methods of Monte Carlo test etc. The results are shown as follows. The rainstorm events are concentrated in April-September, taking up about 90% of the yearly rainfall total, and the percentages of rainstorms in the annual total precipitation have an increasing tendency. RCD in the east of Guangxi is larger than that in the west. The RCP in the northeast and southwest of Guangxi is later than that in the other regions, and has the earliest onset in the northern mountainous regions of Baise and southeast Guangxi. The RCD exhibits an increasing tendency in the northwest and the coastal region while showing a decreasing tendency in the other regions. On a long-term basis, the RCP in the east and coastal region has a postponing trend but tends to be earlier in the other regions. The proposed mechanism is as follows: If the geopotential height in the south of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the West Pacific has a highly negative anomaly in winter, the western Pacific subtropical high will be strong in summer, which increases the RCD in Guangxi. If the geopotential height has a highly positive anomaly in winter, the subtropical high will have a significant periodic oscillation in summer, which decreases the RCD in Guangxi. The value of RCD is high(low) in the area of northern mountainous regions of Guangxi and Beihai in strong(weak) South China Sea summer monsoon years, while in the other areas, the value of RCD is low(high).

The World Production and Trade of Rare Earth Elements： The Position of the Pacific Area

In this paper we analyze the characteristics of the so-called rare earth elements （REEs） and its industrial applications. We present the policy, or lack thereof, in the countries in the Pacific Rim for its mining and commerce, and the current and future weight that rare earth minerals will have in international trade. The technological revolution experienced over the last 25 years, has brought the REEs to the public＇s attention for being instrumental in obtaining catalysts, lasers and optical fiber, luminescent substances and LEDs, superconductors, permanent magnets, batteries and ultra-capacitors. China＇s leading position as the supplier of these minerals worldwide, and its recent export restriction policy for domestic industrial activities have driven up international prices. Price increase for REEs is leading to the need for both recycling and its replacement. It has also led other countries in the Asia Pacific Rim to prospect new potential sites on their own territories, or even to restart operations in deposits that had been previously abandoned. Those strategies will likely gain greater importance as environmental pollution problems associated with the exploitation, processing, and recovery of REEs increase.

A New Approach to Reconstruct Paleogene Atmospheric Hydrology at High Latitudes

Reconstruction of ancient atmospheric conditions through the analysis of precipitation patterns is a novel endeavor in the study of paleoclimate. A new approach is now available for a quantitative reconstruction of Paleogene atmospheric hydrological conditions in High Arctic. It is based on 1） the discovery of exceptionally-preserved Paleogene plant fossils from the Canadian Arctic which yielded in situ labile biomolecules 2） the development of compound-specific hydrogen isotope analysis which can be applied to small amount of plant material and 3） taxon-specific apparent hydrogen isotope fractionation factors obtained from empirical measurement. A new moisture recycling model is established to explain the reconstructed paleohydrologic pattern in the High Arctic during Paleogene.