石漠化整治地学模式探讨

石漠化实质是在喀斯特地质环境条件下人类需求与资源承载力矛盾的结果。因此,石漠化的治理必须“防”、“治”结合,“标”“本”兼治,才能达到最佳效果。本文在分析石漠化形成和发展实质的基础上从预防的角度提出了石漠化整治的地学基本模式,阐述了地学模式建立的基本思想、模式基本特征及内涵、模式实施的途径。模式立足于提高资源的承载力、协调资源的供需矛盾,与其他生态修复模式配合,将对喀斯特山区石漠化的综合整治起到积极的作用。

地学信息模式识别问题研究

本文根据信息社会的需求和现代科学技术的发展,阐述了测绘工作所面临的挑战,并针对地学信息系统的数据资源的信息分析和利用提出了许多值得研究的问题。就信息模式识别问题所研究的内容、目标和方法做了进一步的说明,特别是指明了创新研究的主要内容,为该研究领域的进一步发展做了一些有益的探索。

G/S模式下基于组件的地学浏览器设计与实现

针对空间信息网络服务在现有C/S、B/S模式下客户端功能的不足和空间数据服务需求,采用一种新型的空间信息服务模式--G/S模式,即地学浏览器/空间信息服务器模式,并对其可视化客户端G端地学浏览器(Geo-Browser)的系统架构和关键技术进行详细论述。利用Google Earth COM API组件开发技术,在国际标准KML支持下,对地学浏览器进行详细设计和实例验证,得出G/S模式下的地学浏览器在海量空间信息处理和三维展示方面具有明显优势的结论。

贵州巨木地下河流域石漠化地学治理实验及其意义

贵州巨木地下河岩溶流域石漠化治理工程是一项从地学的角度探索石漠化治理的实验,实验以改善石漠化区岩溶地质环境为目标,以地下河的开发利用、农作物生长过程中矿物元素补偿等为手段,解决了实验区人畜饮水安全和农田灌溉缺水问题,提高了农作物产量和农产品品质,使地区经济得到了明显发展,有效地控制了不合理的人为工程活动的发生。遥感监测成果对比表明,经过治理实验区内的石漠化面积明显减少、石漠化程度显著降低。由此认为改善地质环境是石漠化治理的有效途径之一,值得提倡与推广。然而,由于西南岩溶石山区岩溶系统复杂、小型多样,不同的岩溶系统差别较大。因此,只有在查清岩溶流域系统具体的地质条件的基础上,合理制定综合治理方案,进行石漠化地学治理才能更有效。

长江中游洪灾形成与防治的环境地质研究

长江中游干流沿岸及江汉湖群、洞庭湖、鄱阳湖、巢湖地区,面积约21×104km2,是长江流域洪灾最为严重的地区,其形成与地质环境和地质作用有密切关系,但过去对这方面还缺少全面研究,开展该地区环境地质调查评价,探讨洪灾形成的地学模式、演化趋势与防治对策,避免发生区域性重大洪灾是防洪和环境灾害地质科学技术研究领域的一项重大课题。探讨洪灾形成的构造沉降、大堤约束、泥沙淤积、管涌崩岸等地质作用与地学模式,由洪水位抬升的事实,揭示了长江向荆北平原自然分流的深化趋势,提出了正确处理人与自然关系,调整水砂重新分配的防治对策,为长江中游综合整治和科学防洪提供了地质依据。

关于新时期《地球科学概论》课程教学中的几点思考

地球科学概论是高等学校地学类学生最早接触到的一门专业基础课,肩负着地质学启蒙教育的使命,在教学过程中更应体现素质教育、地学思维模式、专业兴趣和实践动手能力、团队合作和吃苦耐劳等多方面能力的培养。

Optimizing bus services with variable directional and temporal demand using genetic algorithm

As a major mode choice of commuters for daily travel, bus transit plays an important role in many urban and metropolitan areas. This work proposes a mathematical model to optimize bus service by minimizing total cost and considering a temporally and directionally variable demand. An integrated bus service, consisting of all-stop and stop-skipping services is proposed and optimized subject to directional frequency conservation, capacity and operable fleet size constraints. Since the research problem is a combinatorial optimization problem, a genetic algorithm is developed to search for the optimal result in a large solution space. The model was successfully implemented on a bus transit route in the City of Chengdu, China, and the optimal solution was proved to be better than the original operation in terms of total cost. The sensitivity of model parameters to some key attributes/variables is analyzed and discussed to explore further the potential of accruing additional benefits or avoiding some of the drawbacks of stop-skipping services.

Post-sedimentary Transformation of Lateral Moraines——the Tributary Tongue Basins of the Kvíárjkull(Iceland)

The Kvíárjokull,a southern outlet glacier of the Vatnajokull,is confined in the mountain foreland by lateral moraines measuring a height of up to 150 m. Each of the lateral moraines shows considerable breaches with deviations of the main moraine ridges. The paper discusses the possible origins of these modifications of the lateral moraines as result of： 1） ice overlappings during glacier advances and subsequent breaches of the lateral moraine,2） bifurcations of the Kvíárjokull glacier tongue triggered by the preglacial relief conditions and the prehistorical moraine landscape leading to afflux conditions,3） drainage of ice-marginal glacier lakes and 4. volcanic activities,such as lava flows and volcanic-induced jokulhlaups. A historic-genetic model of the formation of the lateral moraines is presented considering the breaches in the lateral moraines as result from glacier bifurcations and therefore as former tributary tongue basins. Such breaches in the lateral moraines are also common landscape features at glaciers outside of Iceland and are from wider importance for the paleoreconstruction of former glacier stages. The knowledge of their development is essential for an adequate relative age classification of individual moraine ridges. In regard to the origin of the debris supply areas of the large-sized Kvíárjokull moraines,the resedimentation of prehistoric till deposits by younger glacier advances plays a role in the formation of the lateral moraines apart from englacial and supraglacial sediment transfer processes.

Methodology of High Accuracy and Resolution 3D Geological Model Generation and Application

By generating a high accuracy and high resolution geological model in Liuchu oil field, the technique of geological modeling is expanded and involved in primary geological study, making the sand bodies and reservoir be easily described in detail. The 3D visualization and 3D interactive editing of geological structure model are the key for modeling procedure. And a high accuracy and resolution geological model has been well applied in optimizing the production scheme.

A Probe Into CLT Pedagogical Implications for English Majors in China's Mainland： A Holistic Educational Paradigm

Notwithstanding the tremendous progress of foreign language teaching （FLT） and foreign language education （FLE） in China's Mainland, there still remain large-scale margins as reflective argumentation on the issue of methodology, pedagogy, and educational paradigm to probe into. Among each respective margin concerning this FLT and FLE, this paper deepens the aspects of methodological approach of communicative language teaching （CLT） and holistic educational paradigm. Furthermore, this paper elaborates the current dominant teaching status and makes discussion on the topic of harmony between English teaching and using, taking Basic English course for English majors in China's Mainland as the case study.

Permian sequence stratigraphy of shallow water basin in Tarim Basin

Based on analysis of drilling, logging and field profile data, six sequence boundaries in Permian are identified in Bachu and Tazhong regions of Tarim Basin. All sequence boundaries are of type I sequence bound- aries, and are characterized by down cut. According to the six sequence boundaries, the Permian in this area can be divided into 5 third-order sequences, and all the sequences correspond with classic sequence model of Vail. Sequence Psq4 indicates lake transgressive system tract （TST） and highstand system tract （HST）. Se- quences Psql, Psq2, Psq3, Psq5 indicate low stand system tract （ LST）, transgressive system tract and high- stand system tract. LST is deposited by incised channel infilling with features of fluvial facies. TST is deposited by shore-shallow lake and semi-deep lake. HST is deposited by semi-deep lake, shore-shallow lake and delta. In addition, volcanic rocks are present on the top part of HST in sequence Psq3. Incised channel infilling and deltaic deposits were mainly distributed on western slope of Tadong uplift.

TRANSFORMATION AND TRANSITION OF TEACHING MODEL AND STUDENTS' LEARNING STYLES AT THE NEWLY-ESTABLISHED LOCAL COLLEGES

Attention should be given to the transformation in English teaching at the newly-established colleges during the transition stage. This paper attempts to deal with the teaching models and learning styles at the newly-established colleges in the hope that such colleges promote the teaching according to the New College English Teaching Curriculum Requirements(For Trial Implementation).

In-Situ Differentiation of Acidic and Non-Acidic Tundra via Portable X-ray Fluorescence (PXRF) Spectrometry

Frozen soils or those with permafrost cover large areas of the earth's surface and support unique vegetative ecosystems. Plants growing in such harsh conditions have adapted to small niches, which allow them to survive. In northern Alaska, USA, both moist acidic and non-acidic tundra occur, yet determination of frozen soil p Hs currently requires thawing of the soil so that electrometric pH methods can be utilized. Contrariwise, a portable X-ray fluorescence(PXRF) spectrometer was used in this study to assess elemental abundances and relate those characteristics to soil pH through predictive multiple linear regressions. Two operational modes, Soil Mode and Geochem Mode, were utilized to scan frozen soils in-situ and under laboratory conditions, respectively, after soil samples were dried and ground. Results showed that lab scanning produced optimal results with adjusted coefficient of determination(R^2) of 0.88 and 0.33 and root mean squared errors(RMSEs) of 0.87 and 0.34 between elemental data and lab-determined pH for Soil Mode and Geochem Mode, respectively. Even though the presence of ice attenuated fluoresced radiation under field conditions, adjusted R^2 and RMSEs between the datasets still provided reasonable model generalization(e.g., 0.73 and 0.49 for field Geochem Mode). Principal component analysis qualitatively separated multiple sampling sites based on elemental data provided by PXRF, reflecting differences in the chemical composition of the soils studied. Summarily, PXRF can be used for in-situ determination of soil pH in arctic environments without the need for sample modification and thawing. Furthermore, use of PXRF for determination of soil pH may provide higher sample throughput than traditional eletrometric-based methods, while generating elemental data useful for the prediction of multiple soil parameters.

Noise shapes the distribution pattern of an acoustic predator

Noise, an obvious effect of urbanization, has a negative impact on animal vocalizations and the hunting efficiency of acoustic predators. However, the influence of noise pollution on the spatial distribution of populations remains understudied. The aim was to assess the factors shaping the distribution pattern of an acoustic predator （long-eared owl Asio otus） in an urban-farmland matrix. We hypothesized that the probability of an acoustic predator occurring decreases with growing nocturnal noise emission. This owl survey was conducted in Krak6w （S Poland） on 79 ran- domly selected sample plots （1 km x 1 km）. Six habitat variables （area of parks, woodlands, grass- land, arable land, habitat diversity index, and noise pollution） were identified and correlated with the probability of the species＇ occurrence. Proximity to pedestrian routes and roads, habitat frag- mentation, and noise intensity was also defined at nest sites and random sites. Long-eared owls occurred on 37% of the sample plots. Occupied plots had a greater area of grassland and arable land as well as a lower level of noise pollution than the unoccupied ones. A multivariate model revealed that area of grassland and nocturnal noise emission was significantly correlated with the probability of long-eared owls occurring and that the high probability of occurrence recorded on plots with large areas of grassland was reduced by noise pollution. The noise intensity recorded at nest sites was also significantly lower than at random sites. This study suggests that apart from habitat factors, the distribution of acoustic predators in an urban matrix is driven by noise pollu- tion. This highlights the importance of proper landscape management, that is, maintaining large grassland areas and preventing noise from increasing within them.