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我国滨海湿地保护的地学问题与研究任务 被引量:15
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作者 叶思源 丁喜桂 +3 位作者 袁红明 赵广明 王锦 骆丁 《海洋地质前沿》 北大核心 2011年第2期1-7,共7页
滨海湿地是大陆边缘淡水输入与潮汐作用的产物,同时它可通过生物薄膜、沉积物的生物扰动、浪和流的振动、沉积物的有机物富集以及营养盐的循环终结对生物因素的控制作用进行反馈。在过去的十几年中,人们对滨海湿地功能的认识得到快速提... 滨海湿地是大陆边缘淡水输入与潮汐作用的产物,同时它可通过生物薄膜、沉积物的生物扰动、浪和流的振动、沉积物的有机物富集以及营养盐的循环终结对生物因素的控制作用进行反馈。在过去的十几年中,人们对滨海湿地功能的认识得到快速提高,并且对不同气候带的滨海湿地的地貌过程、水动力特征、生物反馈以及指示人类活动干扰的代理指标有了足够深入的洞察,但是仍然存在许多地质学方面的问题需要解决。针对我国对滨海湿地保护与管理的需求,在分析国内外研究动态的基础上,提出我国滨海湿地的地学问题与研究任务。 展开更多
关键词 滨海湿地 地学问题 研究动态 研究任务
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我国跨世纪的重大地学问题──环境地学发展前景 被引量:17
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作者 张宗祜 袁道先 《地质科技管理》 1995年第5期60-69,共10页
我国跨世纪的重大地学问题──环境地学发展前景地矿部水文地质工程地质研究所研究员张宗祜地矿岩溶地质研究所研究员袁道先中国科学院院士中国科学院院士中国工程院院士一、环境地学已成为全球关注的问题空气、水、土是人类生存的基本... 我国跨世纪的重大地学问题──环境地学发展前景地矿部水文地质工程地质研究所研究员张宗祜地矿岩溶地质研究所研究员袁道先中国科学院院士中国科学院院士中国工程院院士一、环境地学已成为全球关注的问题空气、水、土是人类生存的基本条件。人类的生存随时受到各种内外地... 展开更多
关键词 环境地学 发展前景 地学问题 跨世纪
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当前世界环境地质学发展特点趋向及我国主要环境地质学问题分析 被引量:11
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作者 冯翠娥 周建伟 周爱国 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》 CSCD 2004年第2期9-15,共7页
阐述了环境地质学的历史渊源、涵义、研究内容、所属门类、学科地位等,广泛借鉴前人资料,总结了当今世界环境地学发展的主要特点和研究趋向:以动态观点及非线性动力学理论和方法来探索地质环境演化;从不同空间尺度研究地球环境演化;环... 阐述了环境地质学的历史渊源、涵义、研究内容、所属门类、学科地位等,广泛借鉴前人资料,总结了当今世界环境地学发展的主要特点和研究趋向:以动态观点及非线性动力学理论和方法来探索地质环境演化;从不同空间尺度研究地球环境演化;环境变化的时间效应成为环境地质研究中的一个十分重要的方向;地质灾害防治与环境保护问题已成为环境地学研究领域内的重点问题;正在深入探索环境地质学的科学基础:水-岩相互作用;可持续发展理念对环境地质学的研究工作提出了新的要求;现代新技术在环境研究中的应用发展速度很快。归纳了现在我国存在的主要环境地学问题:淡水资源的严重短缺;城市发展中的环境地质问题;由人类活动引起的环境污染与地球化学循环变化;频繁的地质灾害与人类工程经济活动诱发的环境地质问题;人类活动导致的生态环境破坏。指出需要在地球系统科学的理论与方法指导下,紧密结合国家目标和经济发展紧迫需要,进行前沿性研究。 展开更多
关键词 环境地质 环境地学问题 水-岩相互作用 地质灾害 可持续发展
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Some parameters of coal methane system that cause very slow release of methane from virgin coal beds(CBM) 被引量:3
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作者 Andrzej Olajossy 《International Journal of Mining Science and Technology》 SCIE EI CSCD 2017年第2期321-326,共6页
In some worldwide hard coal basins recovery of methane from virgin coal beds is difficult. In general,mentioned difficulties are related to geo-mechanical, petrographical and physical-chemical properties of coals in q... In some worldwide hard coal basins recovery of methane from virgin coal beds is difficult. In general,mentioned difficulties are related to geo-mechanical, petrographical and physical-chemical properties of coals in question, occurring for example in the Bowen Basin(Australia) or the Upper Silesian Coal Basin(Poland). Among numerous properties and parameters, the following are very essential: susceptibility of coal beds to deformation connected with coal stress state change and contemporary shrinkage of the coal matrix during methane desorption. Those adverse geo-mechanical and physical-chemical effects are accompanied by essential change of the porous coal structure, which under these disadvantageous conditions is very complex. This study aims to show difficulties, which occur in phase of recognition of the methane-reach coal deposit. Volume absorbed methane(not surface adsorbed) in sub-micropores having minimal size comparable with gas molecule diameter must possess energy allowing separation of the nodes and methane release to micropores. 展开更多
关键词 Coal bed methane Porosity Slow desorption Diffusion Virgin bed
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Analysis of Strategies to Improve Traffic Conditions in the Ancient Urban Area of Suzhou 被引量:2
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作者 曹国华 崔功豪 《Journal of Southeast University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2002年第2期148-153,共6页
In this paper, the authors first analyse the problems existing in the situation of land use, structure of travel mode and road network by applying the basic principle of traffic engineering and system engineering meth... In this paper, the authors first analyse the problems existing in the situation of land use, structure of travel mode and road network by applying the basic principle of traffic engineering and system engineering methods. Then, the authors make it clear the strategies to be adopted for solving the existing traffic problems in the ancient urban area of Suzhou(AUAS), namely insisting on the goal based strategy; the strategy to develop the public transit system in priority and decreasing the demand on cars from the view point of land use strategy. On the basis of such analysis the authors put forth proposals about major measures to be taken to improve traffic conditions of the AUAS, such as construction of express artery ring around the ancient city, appropriate transformation of the roads in the AUAS and rational distribution of car parking areas at the outskirt, which are of positive significance in guiding the protection of the AUAS and transportation construction. In this paper, specialized software is used to establish criteria for the construction scale and extent analysis and evaluation of the ancient city construction project, which is of some reference significance to the transformation of old urban areas in other cities. 展开更多
关键词 ancient urban area of Suzhou traffic problems STRATEGY
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Research Progress on the Problem of Fluid,Heat and Energy Distribution near the Earthquake Source Area 被引量:1
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作者 Yan Rui Jiang Changsheng +2 位作者 Shao Zhigang Zhou Longquan Li Yingchun 《Earthquake Research in China》 2011年第4期378-394,共17页
As the basic problems in seismology, fluid, heat and energy distribution near earthquake sources during earthquake generation have been the leading subjects of concern to seismologists. Currently, more and more resear... As the basic problems in seismology, fluid, heat and energy distribution near earthquake sources during earthquake generation have been the leading subjects of concern to seismologists. Currently, more and more research shows fluid around earthquake source areas, which plays an important role in the process of earthquake preparation and generation. However, there is considerable controversy over the source of fluid in the deep crust. As for the problem of heat around earthquake source areas, different models have been proposed to explain the stress heat flow paradox. Among them, the dynamic weakening model has been thought to be the key to solving the heat flow paradox issue. After large earthquakes, energy distribution is directly related to friction heat. It is of timely and important practical significance to immediately implement deep drilling in-site surveying to gain understanding of fluid, friction heat and energy distribution during earthquake generation. The latest international progress in fluid, heat and energy distribution research has been reviewed in this paper which will bring important inspiration for the understanding of earthquake preparation and occurrence. 展开更多
关键词 FLUID HEAT Energy distribution
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Communicating Geologically-Underpinned Issues: Drivers and Mechanisms
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作者 Lucien S. Lyness Claire V. Lvness 《Journal of Earth Science and Engineering》 2012年第7期387-394,共8页
Geologists can offer key insights in regard to several high profile environmental issues that are faced today. At the same time, like scientists in most other disciplines, many geologists are not naturally adept at co... Geologists can offer key insights in regard to several high profile environmental issues that are faced today. At the same time, like scientists in most other disciplines, many geologists are not naturally adept at communicating in an effective manner with non-geologists. This paper firstly identifies the more subtle facets of topical major issues (the drivers) where geologists can contribute important perspectives. Next, the detractions to effective communication are identified, along with the recommended means to overcome them (the mechanisms). Many topical issues are in fact geologically-underpinned (e.g. obviously, geohazards), so geologists ought to have something meaningful to say. By the same token, if geologists have difficulty communicating with other scientists, how can they possibly hope to communicate with journalists and with the public at large? Proper scientific contextualization is an ideal starting point, but this fundamental framing step does not always suit protagonists who have non-scientific agendas. Thus, geologists not only have to convey their science (geology) in an understandable way, but to do so in a truly effective manner must recognize and take into account possible predispositions that their audience may have. 展开更多
关键词 Communication GEOLOGY environmental issues climate change.
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The False Promise of Kant's Humanity Formula
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作者 Andrew B. Johnson 《Journal of Philosophy Study》 2012年第11期794-803,共10页
Kant's Humanity Formula of the Categorical Imperative is arguably its most widely preferred formulation, having been defended as a moral principle and employed in the evaluation of particular moral problems by a numb... Kant's Humanity Formula of the Categorical Imperative is arguably its most widely preferred formulation, having been defended as a moral principle and employed in the evaluation of particular moral problems by a number of leading contemporary ethicists. For them and many other readers of Kant, the idea that we are not to treat persons as mere means to our own ends but are rather to respect their rational agency as intrinsically valuable holds great promise for qualifying as, in Kant's words, "the supreme principle of morality." In the present paper I argue that the Humanity Formula cannot deliver on this promise. After setting forth three conditions of adequacy for any genuine supreme principle of morality, I argue that the Humanity Formula, on three textually grounded interpretations each of which has been advocated by a prominent Kantian ethicist, does not satisfy these conditions. Whichever of these textually grounded interpretations is taken, the Humanity Formula is open to compelling counterexamples. 展开更多
关键词 Categorical Imperative Humanity Formula Kant PROMISE
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Study on Landslide Surge in Reservoir Area
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作者 Han Kai Peng Hui +2 位作者 Wu Fan Yin Shaofei Li Wenguang 《Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B)》 2017年第6期323-327,共5页
Landslide surge is a fluid-solid coupling problem involving multidisciplinary intersections such as landslide dynamics, fluid mechanics and mechanics along the way, which has important research value. The construction... Landslide surge is a fluid-solid coupling problem involving multidisciplinary intersections such as landslide dynamics, fluid mechanics and mechanics along the way, which has important research value. The construction of the reservoir will affect the natural geological conditions of the slope of the reservoir area, slope rock under the joint effect of the waves and the reservoir water level changes, which will cause the reservoir bank collapse and even landslides. The occurrence of landslide will cause some loss. In this paper, the types of landslide generation, disaster classification, research methods and existing problems are reviewed. It makes people understand the basic research ideas of landslide surge. Through the analysis and discussion of the different research methods of landslide surges, the shortcomings of these analytical methods are analyzed, which provide important basis for future research and indicate the future research methods and direction. 展开更多
关键词 Landslide surge METHOD PROBLEM PROSPECT
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Zhang Heng’s Seismoscope(3):Disappearance & Scientific Value
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作者 Feng Rui Wu Yuxia 《Earthquake Research in China》 2014年第2期130-141,共12页
The ancient idea of Heavenly Punishment confused natural phenomena with social issues,which resulted in Zhang Heng’s tragedy in his later years and seismoscope. The instrument might have been lost in the end of the E... The ancient idea of Heavenly Punishment confused natural phenomena with social issues,which resulted in Zhang Heng’s tragedy in his later years and seismoscope. The instrument might have been lost in the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. A series of extremely serious chaotic social events caused by war took place,such as a fire in Luoyang,forging coins by destroying copper wares,relocation of the capital,sharp population decrease,and the destruction of the Ling Observatory. Zhang’s scientific thought and successful practice had played an important role in ideological enlightenments at the primary stage of modern seismology at the end of the nineteenth century. There is a glorious course of"innovation—inheritance—re-innovation"of scientific and technical development from the inception Zhang Heng’s seismoscope to the modern seismograph invented by Milne,et al. 展开更多
关键词 Heaven-human induction Heavenly punishment Disappearance of Zhang Heng's seismoscope Birth of modern seismology MILNE SEISMOGRAPH
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An Analytic Solution to Well-water Level Changes under Barometric Pressure
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作者 Liu Chunping Deng Liang +2 位作者 Liao Xin Wan Fei Shi Yun 《Earthquake Research in China》 2011年第2期240-249,共10页
Under barometric pressure, groundwater flow in well-aquifer systems is a kind of hydromechanical coupling problem. Applying the flux boundary conditions on borehole wall and water pressure equilibrium conditions insid... Under barometric pressure, groundwater flow in well-aquifer systems is a kind of hydromechanical coupling problem. Applying the flux boundary conditions on borehole wall and water pressure equilibrium conditions inside and outside the borehole wall under barometric pressure (BP), an analytic solution to well-water level changes has been proposed in this paper. The formulation shows that the BP coefficients increase with time and tend to BP constant. The Change of BP coefficients over time depends only on the ratio of transmissivity (T) to the well radius squared ( r2, ) , and has nothing to do with the change in BP. The BP constant only relates to aquifer loading efficiency (B), and has nothing to do with the aquifer transmissivity and well radius. The BP coefficients' change over time in the analytic formulation is consistent with the analysis of measured data from the Nanxi wells. Based on the BP coefficient changes over time, a parameter estimation method is suggested and discussed in its application to the estimation of the aquifer BP constant (or B) and transmissivity by using the Nanxi well data. 展开更多
关键词 Well-water level Barometric pressure Analytic solution PARAMETERESTIMATION Barometric pressure coefficient
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Berkeley Apartheid: Unfair Housing in a University Town
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作者 Douglas Henry Daniels 《History Research》 2013年第5期321-341,共21页
This essay suggests that in 1962-1963, before Birmingham and the March on Washington, a coalition of Black and White civil rights activists, labor, and religious leaders were in the vanguard of the struggle both on th... This essay suggests that in 1962-1963, before Birmingham and the March on Washington, a coalition of Black and White civil rights activists, labor, and religious leaders were in the vanguard of the struggle both on the Pacific Slope and in the nation. Berkeley's battle for fair housing represented an important phase of the civil rights struggle on the west coast and in cities where racial segregation was not based on law, but part of a conspiracy, silent but quite effective, among realtors, mortgage lenders, and renters, against Blacks and other minorities. Encouraged by state antidiscrimination legislation, Berkeley activists embarked upon a fair housing campaign based on surveys of the problem, efforts to enact legislation, and direct action. The irrationality of racists who defended their right to discriminate was one of the most singular aspects of the fair housing struggle. Though they lost at the local level, the coalition of new political forces succeeded a few months later at the state level and represented an effective force in liberal politics in the city for years to come. Because of the stiff opposition and the limits of reformers' liberal fair housing regulations, however, working class and poor African Americans still faced severe housing problems. 展开更多
关键词 civil rights civil rights movement fair housing racial segregation
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Grounding the View from Nowhere? Essentialism, Liberal Universalism, and Cultural Relativism
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作者 Philip A. Michelbach 《Journal of Philosophy Study》 2012年第4期244-250,共7页
How can Western political thought engage non-Western cultures if liberalism is--in Thomas Nagel's famous formulation-a view from nowhere? This paper seeks to investigate the philosophical problems at the nexus of mo... How can Western political thought engage non-Western cultures if liberalism is--in Thomas Nagel's famous formulation-a view from nowhere? This paper seeks to investigate the philosophical problems at the nexus of moral relativism and liberal universalism that Martha Nussbaum attempted to come to terms with in her essay Human Functioning and Social Justice: In Defense of Aristotelian Essentialism. I argue not against the idea of essentialism but rather for greater care in the concept's application. 展开更多
关键词 ESSENTIALISM LIBERALISM Martha Nussbaum RELATIVISM ARISTOTLE
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地理知识云GeoKSCloud:动因、设计开发与应用 被引量:1
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作者 吴小竹 陈崇成 +4 位作者 林剑峰 巫建伟 林甲祥 雷德龙 蔡志明 《地球信息科学学报》 CSCD 北大核心 2014年第2期273-281,共9页
有效地发现和利用分布存储、运行的各类空间数据、空间决策分析模型和知识发现算法,已成为当前空间信息处理、知识发现与共享领域最具挑战性的前沿课题之一。首先,本文论述了空间信息处理、知识发现的关键问题、发展现状和趋势。然后,... 有效地发现和利用分布存储、运行的各类空间数据、空间决策分析模型和知识发现算法,已成为当前空间信息处理、知识发现与共享领域最具挑战性的前沿课题之一。首先,本文论述了空间信息处理、知识发现的关键问题、发展现状和趋势。然后,描述了地理知识云的概念特征,提出了地理知识云(GeoKSCloud)的具体实现。该平台构造了可伸缩的空间数据和知识服务存储、运行环境;平台从业务功能上划分为数据聚合中心、知识服务中心、地学问题求解中心、平台控制中心和知识云门户等5大核心模块。其为地学问题求解全过程提供了空间数据集成,知识服务发布、注册、搜索、发现、组合等功能,以及地学问题智能推理和结果可视化表达等工具。本文对海量空间数据云存储与管理、知识云服务管理与组合、地学问题智能求解等平台关键技术进行了论述。最后,本文以历史地震影响场分析为例,分析了平台各组件在问题求解中的交互过程,实例表明,该平台可实现多节点、跨平台、异构地理知识服务的协同式计算,有效地降低地学问题求解的成本和复杂度。 展开更多
关键词 地理知识云 地学问题求解 云计算
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Environment-ecosystem dynamic processes of Spartina alterniflora salt-marshes along the eastern China coastlines 被引量:19
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作者 GAO Shu DU YongFen +3 位作者 XIE WenJing GAO WenHua WANG DanDan WU XiaoDong 《Science China Earth Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS 2014年第11期2567-2586,共20页
Spartina alterniflora is ecologically important in its original habitat; however, it has caused controversy since it was introduction into China(now it has been spreading rapidly on the Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang and... Spartina alterniflora is ecologically important in its original habitat; however, it has caused controversy since it was introduction into China(now it has been spreading rapidly on the Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang and Fujian coasts). The purpose of the present contribution is, on the basis of an analysis and synthesis of existing data sets, to evaluate the environmental-ecological effects of S. alterniflora, and to identify the relevant scientific problems that require further research in the future. Investigations have shown that, by reducing the near-bed shear stress associated with tidal currents, S. alterniflora can enhance the settling flux of suspended sediment and deposition rate on the tidal flats over the region. Further, field survey and analysis indicate that the S. alterniflora salt-marsh has a high primary production and provides a new type of habitat for the native benthic fauna. Some macro-, meio- and micro-fauna that used to live in the native salt-marshes have adapted to the S. alterniflora salt-marsh, forming a new ecosystem. Under the influences of a number of background factors, such as latitude variations and the coastal type, the environmental-ecological changes induced by Spartine have regional differentiations. To the north of Hangzhou Bay, with a high position of the pre-Holocene stratum base, a large width of the tidal flats, and a gentle bed slope, only a small part of the intertidal zone is occupied by the S. alterniflora salt-marsh. Here, the S. alterniflora salt-marshes mainly play a positive role in coastal protection and ecosystem functioning. In contrary, to the South of Hangzhou Bay, The pre-Holocene deposits are situated in relatively deeo waters, and the width of the tidal flats formed within coastal embayments is relatively narrow. As such, the expansion of S. alterniflora has squeezed the living space of other intertidal organisms, thus has a negative ecological effect. Therefore, the regional differentiation of the Spartina effects should be sufficiently considered in coastal development and management. Furthermore, in order to predict the future evolution of the S. alterniflora wetlands over the region, in addition to in situ monitoring and measurements, an ecosystem dynamic model should be established, taking into account the coupling of the rerrestrial and marine environmental-ecological processes. 展开更多
关键词 salt-marshes introduction of Spartina alterniflora environmental impact regional differences ecosystem dynamics east coast of China
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Progress on shelf and slope circulation in the northern South China Sea 被引量:13
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作者 Yeqiang SHU Qiang WANG Tingting ZU 《Science China Earth Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2018年第5期560-571,共12页
Influenced by the seasonally reversed monsoons, water exchange through straits, and topography, the shelf and slope circulation in the northern South China Sea(NSCS) is complex and changeable. The typical current syst... Influenced by the seasonally reversed monsoons, water exchange through straits, and topography, the shelf and slope circulation in the northern South China Sea(NSCS) is complex and changeable. The typical current system in the NSCS consists of the slope current, South China Sea warm current(SCSWC), coastal current, and associated upwelling(in summer) and downwelling(in winter). This paper reviews recent advances in the study of NSCS shelf and slope circulation since the 1990 s,and summarizes the roles of Kuroshio intrusion, the monsoons, topography, and the buoyancy effect of the Pearl River plume in the shelf and slope current system of the NSCS. We also point out some potential scientific issues that require further study, such as the dynamic connection between the internal basin and shelf areas of the NSCS, the persistence of the SCSWC in winter, the temporo-spatial characteristics of downwelling during winter in the NSCS, and its material and energy transport. 展开更多
关键词 The northern South China Sea Circulation Progress
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Study on the critical diameter of the subway tunnel based on the pressure variation 被引量:4
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作者 SUN ZhenXu YANG GuoWei ZHU Lan 《Science China(Technological Sciences)》 SCIE EI CAS 2014年第10期2037-2043,共7页
When the subway train operates at a speed higher than 100 km/h,the corresponding aerodynamic issue becomes severe.To meet the future requirement for the speedup of subway trains,a research on the critical diameters of... When the subway train operates at a speed higher than 100 km/h,the corresponding aerodynamic issue becomes severe.To meet the future requirement for the speedup of subway trains,a research on the critical diameters of the subway tunnel for trains operating at 120 and 140 km/h has been performed based on passengers’aural discomfort caused by rail tunnel pressure variation.A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic approach has been adopted for analysis.Meanwhile,trains with different airtight indices are considered and the pressure variations inside and outside the trains are both under investigation.Based on the corresponding criteria for different airtight indices,critical tunnel diameters for trains running at different speeds have been determined.This study would aid in the tunnel section design for future high-speed subway trains. 展开更多
关键词 tunnel pressure waves airtight index aural discomfort blockage ratio
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Hybridization and the species problem in conservation
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作者 Benjamin M. FITZPATRICK Maureen E. RYAN +2 位作者 Jarrett R. JOHNSON Joel CORUSH Evin T. CARTER 《Current Zoology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2015年第1期206-216,共11页
Most biologists recognize the "species phenomenon" as a real pattern in nature: Biodiversity is characterized by dis- continuities between recognizable groups classified as species. Many conservation laws focus on ... Most biologists recognize the "species phenomenon" as a real pattern in nature: Biodiversity is characterized by dis- continuities between recognizable groups classified as species. Many conservation laws focus on preventing species extinction. However, species are not fixed. Discontinuities evolve gradually and sometimes disappear. Exactly how to define particular spe- cies is not always obvious. Hybridization between taxonomic species reminds us that species classification is not a perfect repre- sentation of nature. Classification is a model that is very useful, but not adequate in all cases. Conservationists often confront questions about how to apply species-based laws when hybridization confounds classification. Development of sophisticated techniques and nuanced interpretation of data in the basic study of species and speciation has exposed the need for deeper educa- tion in genetics and evolution for applied conservationists and decision makers. Here we offer a brief perspective on hybridiza- tion and the species problem in conservation. Our intended audience is conservation practitioners and decision-makers more than geneticists and evolutionary biologists. We wish to emphasize that the goals and premises of legislative classification are not identical to those of scientific classification. Sometimes legal classification is required when the best available science indicates that discrete classification is not an adequate model for the case. Establishing legal status and level of protection for hybrids and hybrid populations means choosing from a range of scientifically valid alternatives. Although we should not abandon species-based approaches to conservation, we must recognize their limitations and work to clarify the roles of science and values in ethical and legal decisions [Current Zoology 61 (1): 206-216, 2015]. 展开更多
关键词 HYBRIDIZATION Hybrid zone CONSERVATION GENETICS POLICY CLASSIFICATION DELIMITATION
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