Computerized geological models are the basis of modern mine design,planning and production.A sound,validated geological model is essential to the success of a min- ing project.However,due to the complexity of geology ...Computerized geological models are the basis of modern mine design,planning and production.A sound,validated geological model is essential to the success of a min- ing project.However,due to the complexity of geology surrounding deposits,geological models inherit uncertainty,or error.This geological uncertainty may significantly affect the risk profile of a mining project during its design and operational phases.Methodologies for quantifying geological uncertainty and risk have been developed by CRC Mining and the University of Queensland,Australia and successfully applied to case studies.This paper discussed the implications of geological uncertainty and risk to a coal mining project,and presents advances for quantifying geological/geotechnical uncertainty and risk.A case study is presented to demonstrate the application of the technology developed.展开更多
Between 1850 and 1900, state geological surveys in the Midwest underwent an ideological shift by transforming from institutions based on applied science to those based on pure science. Three factors influenced this pr...Between 1850 and 1900, state geological surveys in the Midwest underwent an ideological shift by transforming from institutions based on applied science to those based on pure science. Three factors influenced this process： the acquisition of permanent status from state governments, the establishment of the USGS （United States Geological Survey）, and the increase in regional professional scientific societies and publications in the Midwest. These factors aided in the transformation of research projects by state geologists. These projects grew more focused, of higher quality, and increased in number during this time-period. State governments still expected Midwestern geological surveys to meet the practical needs of their respective states as this transformation continued, but surveys complemented these goals with projects more closely related to pure science. This shift encouraged the research goals of surveys to investigate projects more closely related to pure scientific pursuits, and significantly aided in the growth of the earth sciences in the nineteenth Century and early twentieth Century.展开更多
University-industry collaborations have been recognized as an important factor for the creation of innovation. Although the university-industry collaborations have been mainly conducted by large companies in Japan so ...University-industry collaborations have been recognized as an important factor for the creation of innovation. Although the university-industry collaborations have been mainly conducted by large companies in Japan so far, the small-medium companies rather than large companies are accumulated in regional areas. However, there are a lot of problems in the university-industry collaborations of the small-medium companies. In this paper, the collaborations between small-medium companies and universities are analyzed based on joint research projects. The results show that the joint research projects of small-medium companies for collaboration partners are not conducted enough. Moreover, the results also show that the average budget per project of small-medium companies is low according to the detailed data of Niigata University. The active area of company and university in research and development is discussed. The stage map that proceeds to commercialization for the collaborations between small-medium companies and universities is made and discussed. Based on these results, the problems of the university-industry collaborations of small-medium companies for collaboration partners are extracted.展开更多
文摘Computerized geological models are the basis of modern mine design,planning and production.A sound,validated geological model is essential to the success of a min- ing project.However,due to the complexity of geology surrounding deposits,geological models inherit uncertainty,or error.This geological uncertainty may significantly affect the risk profile of a mining project during its design and operational phases.Methodologies for quantifying geological uncertainty and risk have been developed by CRC Mining and the University of Queensland,Australia and successfully applied to case studies.This paper discussed the implications of geological uncertainty and risk to a coal mining project,and presents advances for quantifying geological/geotechnical uncertainty and risk.A case study is presented to demonstrate the application of the technology developed.
文摘Between 1850 and 1900, state geological surveys in the Midwest underwent an ideological shift by transforming from institutions based on applied science to those based on pure science. Three factors influenced this process： the acquisition of permanent status from state governments, the establishment of the USGS （United States Geological Survey）, and the increase in regional professional scientific societies and publications in the Midwest. These factors aided in the transformation of research projects by state geologists. These projects grew more focused, of higher quality, and increased in number during this time-period. State governments still expected Midwestern geological surveys to meet the practical needs of their respective states as this transformation continued, but surveys complemented these goals with projects more closely related to pure science. This shift encouraged the research goals of surveys to investigate projects more closely related to pure scientific pursuits, and significantly aided in the growth of the earth sciences in the nineteenth Century and early twentieth Century.
文摘University-industry collaborations have been recognized as an important factor for the creation of innovation. Although the university-industry collaborations have been mainly conducted by large companies in Japan so far, the small-medium companies rather than large companies are accumulated in regional areas. However, there are a lot of problems in the university-industry collaborations of the small-medium companies. In this paper, the collaborations between small-medium companies and universities are analyzed based on joint research projects. The results show that the joint research projects of small-medium companies for collaboration partners are not conducted enough. Moreover, the results also show that the average budget per project of small-medium companies is low according to the detailed data of Niigata University. The active area of company and university in research and development is discussed. The stage map that proceeds to commercialization for the collaborations between small-medium companies and universities is made and discussed. Based on these results, the problems of the university-industry collaborations of small-medium companies for collaboration partners are extracted.
