共同富裕愿景下农村土地捐赠问题研究

遵循第三次分配和共同富裕的理念与精神,创新地提出农村土地捐赠的概念。基于科学合理的激励机制,促使部分先富裕起来的农户将土地捐赠给本集体经济组织内低收入的无地少地农户,以达到先富带后富、促进共同富裕的目标。从此视角出发,构建起农村土地捐赠的运行机制,在农村土地捐赠执行过程中可能面临着三个方面的问题:土地捐赠的参与主体不积极和捐赠数量不充分、土地捐赠的管理主体和监督主体不明确、捐赠土地的再利用方式不清晰。这些问题的形成原因主要包括:农村土地捐赠的法律政策不健全不完善、农村土地捐赠实施机构的选择面临着自治和法治的困局、农村土地捐赠激励机制的严重缺位、农村土地捐赠的社会氛围尚未形成。据此,提出四条对策建议以助力农村土地捐赠的实现:建立并完善农村土地捐赠的法律政策体系、组建高效联动的农村土地捐赠执行机构、构建多层次的农村土地捐赠激励机制、倡导先富带后富的农村土地捐赠社会氛围。

Geographical Patterns of Chinese Ethnic Minority Population Composition and Ethnic Diversity

Ethnicity is a carrier of language and culture.Spatial distribution of ethnic diversity is fundamental for identifying and reconstructing the migration patterns and evolution histories of cultures and languages.Utilizing the Chinese 4th National Census (1990) data,we investigated the specific time geographical patterns of population and diversity of Chinese ethnicminorities.As anticipated,results show that Chineseminorities are chiefly concentrated in dis-tant plateaus and mountains in the southwest,northwest and northeast of China.Further,population density centers of the 10 majorminorities are rather scattered,alternatively dominating at different parts of the country.This study pro-vides a first comprehensive quantitative test on a prevailing notion of 'six plates and three corridors' on the empirical clustering patterns of Chinese ethnicminorities.There are more consistent evidences supporting this notion in the north of China,with the central and southern regions showing more complex patterns,potentially transformed by processes such as migration,fragmentation,and percolation.The results of this study suggest that a geographical ap-proach can provide heuristic and complementary information for better understanding of historical social processes.

Unequal Marriage Exchange Between Majority and Minority Groups： A Case Study From Inner Mongolia, China

Since the 1960s, social integration theorists have considered intermarriage to be an effective tool for promoting social solidarity. However, from a demographic perspective, unequal marriage exchange between groups can create social division and conflict. This Chinese study is a contribution to these debates. This paper explores the issue in the context of a rural minority community in Rightqi, Inner Mongolia, taking social statistical methods and anthropological in-depth interview methods to investigate intermarriage between Mongolian and Han. The paper shows that the number of Han males married to Mongolian women is far greater than the number of Mongolian males marrying Han women. Most Hart people live in urban areas, while Mongolians predominantly reside in pastoral areas and there has been a significant trend for girls from the pastoral areas to marry urban males. Since the proportion of males to females in China has been increasing, the competition between men over female partners has intensified, leading to urban males recruiting partners from the countryside. As a result, young men from minorities in the rural areas are finding it increasingly difficult to marry and this generates a lot of social problems.

Efficacy and Effect of SI17 Therapy on Pancreatic Polypeptide in Vascular and Tension-Type Headache

Background and purpose: Vascular and tension-type headache is most commonly encountered, and SI17 therapy has been tested to treat headache with good results. The efficacy of SI17 therapy for vascular and tension-type headache was compared and the effect of SI17 therapy on pancreatic polypeptide (PP) was studied. Materials and methods: 29 cases of vascular headache (20 cases in acute attack during the trial) and 27 cases of tension-type headache (19 cases in acute attack) were enrolled in the study. Plasma PP level before and 4th day after treatment was measured by radioimmunoassay. Results: SI17 therapy is better for the treatment of vascular headache. Vascular headache with higher PP level and tension-type headache with normal PP level had good therapeutic results. Conclusion: The clinical efficacy is better for vascular headache with the increase of vagus tension and for tension-type headache with normal vagus tension.

大历史背景下永嘉场筑堡自守的必然性

少受兵燹之灾的东南偏隅温州,地少人多,两宋以来以货殖纤巧而闻名天下,有长期从事海上贸易的传统。明朝立国之初,推行海禁政策,商贸日渐式微。明嘉靖中叶,朝纲败坏,海防的松弛,以盐利为依托的永嘉场,为沿海倭寇海盗集团所觊觎,并频受侵扰。在此大环境下,一批崛起的文化精英,从地方与国家双重利益的考量下,站在时代的前沿,承担起历史的重任。

Mathematical models of steady-state temperature fields produced by multi-piped freezing

The multi-piped freezing method is usually applied in artificial ground freezing （AGF） projects to fulfill special construction requirements, such as two-, three-, or four-piped freezing. Based on potential superposition theory, this paper gives analytical solutions to steady-state frozen temperature for two, three, and four freezing pipes with different temperatures and arranged at random. Specific solutions are derived for some particular arrangements, such as three freezing pipes in a linear arrangement with equal or unequal spacing, right and isosceles triangle arrangements, four freezing pipes in a linear arrangement with equal spacing, and rhombus and rectangle arrangements. A comparison between the analytical solutions and numerical thermal analysis shows that the analytical solutions are sufficiently precise. As a part of the theory of AGF, the analytical solutions of temperature fields for multi-piped freezing with arbitrary layouts and different temperatures of freezing pipes are approached for the first time.

The song remains the same： Juvenile Richardson＇s ground squirrels do not respond differentially to mother＇s or colony member＇s alarm calls

Alarm calls are emitted by Richardson＇s ground squirrels Urocitellus richardsonii in response to avian and terrestrial predators. Conspecifics detecting these calls respond with increased vigilance, promoting predator detection and evasion, but in doing so, lose time from foraging. That loss can be minimized if alarm call recipients discriminate among signalers, and weight their response accordingly. For juvenile ground squirrels, we predicted that the trade-off between foraging and vigilance could be optimized via selective response to alarm calls emitted by their own dam, and/or neighboring colony members over calls broad- cast by less familiar conspecifics. Alarm calls of adult female Richardson＇s ground squirrels were elicited in the field using a predator model and recorded on digital audio tape. Free-living focal juveniles were subjected to playbacks of a call of their mother, and on a separate occasion a call from either another adult female from their own colony, or an adult female from another colony. Neither immediate postural responses and escape behavior, nor the duration of vigilance manifested by juveniles differed with exposure to alarm calls of the three adult female signaler types. Thus, juveniles did not respond preferentially to alarm calls emitted by their mothers or colony members, likely reflecting the high cost of ignoring alarm signals where receivers have had limited opportunity to establish past signaler reliability [Current Zoology 58 （5）： 773-780, 2012].