太原的“天川”“地尾”

在太原的西部山区,有条古为常水、今成季节性河流的「天池河」。该河源于娄烦县境的牛咀山谷,流程三十余公里,于古交市西陲的雁门关前汇入汾河,是汾河的较大支流。该河原名不叫「天池」,据清《静乐县志》记载,本名「天川」,称由何来,志书未详,可能是因其河床位于海拔千米以上的缘故吧。

Preparation and interface state of phosphate tailing-based geopolymers

The long-term storage of phosphate tailings will occupy a large amount of land,pollute soil and groundwater,thus,it is crucial to achieve the harmless disposal of phosphate tailings.In this study,high-performance geopolymers with compressive strength of 38.8 MPa were prepared by using phosphate tailings as the main raw material,fly ash as the active silicon-aluminum material,and water glass as the alkaline activator.The solid content of phosphate tailings and fly ash was 60% and 40%,respectively,and the water-cement ratio was 0.22.The results of XRD,FTIR,SEM-EDS and XPS show that the reactivity of phosphate tailings with alkaline activator is weak,and the silicon-aluminum material can react with alkaline activator to form zeolite and gel,and encapsulate/cover the phosphate tailings to form a dense phosphate tailings-based geopolymer.During the formation of geopolymers,part of the aluminum-oxygen tetrahedron replaced the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron,causing the polycondensation reaction between geopolymers and increasing the strength of geopolymers.The leaching toxicity test results show that the geopolymer has a good solid sealing effect on heavy metal ions.The preparation of geopolymer from phosphate tailings is an important way to alleviate the storage pressure and realize the resource utilization of phosphate tailings.

Experimental study on the properties of CMTs-incorporated geopolymers prepared at low temperatures

Considering that copper mine tailings(CMTs)are commonly mixed with ordinary Portland cement,fly ash(FA),and kaolin to produce geopolymers,to make full use of CMTs,the properties of geopolymers manufactured under different material mass ratios and curing methods(standard curing,water bath curing,and 60℃curing)are evaluated with significantly increased dosage of CMTs.Porosity and unconfined compressive strength tests,X-ray diffraction,field emission scanning electron microscopy,and energy dispersive spectroscopy are used to determine the physical and mechanical properties,microstructure,and mineral composition of geopolymers.Finally,costs and CO 2 emissions of specimens with different material mass ratios during the preparation processes are compared.The results show that during the geopolymerization of low-calcium materials,various geopolymer gels,including calcium silicate,calcium silicoaluminate,and mainly sodium silicoaluminate gels,coexist.The solid waste,cost,and carbon dioxide emission reductions can reach 100%,166.3 yuan/t,and 73.3 kg/t,respectively.Under a curing condition of 60℃,the sample with a CMTs mass fraction of 70%and an FA mass fraction of 30%meets the requirements of porosity,compressive strength.The resource utilization of CMT and FA is realized in a more economical way.

Breeding Habitat Selection of Reeves’s Pheasant (Syrmaticus reevesii) in Dongzhai National Nature Reserve, Henan Province, China

Reeves＇s Pheasant （Syrmaticus reevesii） is a threatened pheasant species endemic to China. The habitat use of territorial male birds was surveyed by the help of live decoys in a core area of Dongzhai NationaI Nature Reserve. The breeding habitat selection of this pheasant was examined at two scales （115 m and 250 m scale, i.e. 4.15 hm^2 and 19.63 hm^2, respectively）, including the characteristics at distance scale. Investigation was based on line transect, RS and GIS in Dongzhai National Natural Reserve from 2001 to 2003. Moreover, a range of habitat variables were compared between used and control points at each scale, and stepwise logistic regression was applied to select the key scale and the key habitat factors in relation to breeding habitat selection of this bird. Our results stated that the territorial males at Baiyun occurred mostly in mixed forests, followed by fir forests, pine forests, shrubs, and broadleaf forests. The area of conifer forests was the key factor influencing habitat selection of this bird in breeding period at the scales of 115 m and 250 m, and the proximity of farmland was important for habitat selection in breeding seasons. Furthermore, Reeves＇s Pheasants attached great importance to the scale of 115 m. When considering a range of habitat variables at all scales within a multivariate regression, the leading factors having effect on habitat selection in the breeding period were areas of conifer forests at 115 m scale and the distance to farmland. In addition, these above results suggested that strengthening the management of suitable habitat, and optimizing the habitat configuration are important in promoting conservation of this bird. However, it also highlighted the importance of initiating future researches on the conifer forests and their impact on the population of Reeves＇s Pheasants, which would be beneficial to promote the habitat conservation of this pheasant more effectively.

Home range and habitat composition of male Reeves's Pheasants in an agricultural-forest plantation landscape in central China:a preliminary report

We present a preliminary examination of the home range and habitat use of male Reeves's Pheasants (Syrmaticus reevesii) in an agricultural-forest plantation landscape on the Xianjuding Forest Farm, Hubei Province, central China. Fieldwork was carried out from March to August in 2003. The home range of males averaged 33.17 ± 12.55 ha by MCP (minimum convex polygon) and 21.05 ± 5.61 ha by a 95% fixed kernel estimator. The core area by a 60% fixed kernel estimator was 3.92 ± 0.27 ha. We did not detect significant seasonal variations in home range, core area and movement in this farm. Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantations were the dominant habitat type within the home ranges and core areas. The males used their habitat non-randomly in spring and summer, preferred the fir plantations and avoided broadleaf forests in both seasons. In addition, the males used shrubs less than were available in the spring. The vegetation structure of different habitats may be the leading factor affecting the use of the habitats.

Design of Constructed Wetland for Treatment of Tailwater from Wastewater Treatment Plant

In this study, the project of constructed wetland for treatment of tailwater from the wastewater treatment plant in Wudang Mountain was taken as an example, and the technological processes, pollution load, wetland bed structure, bed filler, selection of plants and hydraulic conditions of the subsurface flow constructed wetland were discussed. A subsurface flow constructed wetland, which covered an area of 7 227 m^2 was finally designed. It could treat 7 000 m^3 of tailwater from the wastewater treatment plant a day. In addition, the system could reduce the emission of COD, BODs, TN, TP and NH3-N by 25.55, 25.55, 12.78, 1.28 and 17.89 t respectively a day. The outlet water was proved to reach the Standard A of the first class in Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant （GB 18918-2002）.

Status of the Xinjiang Ground Jay:population,breeding ecology and conservation

The Xinjiang Ground Jay (Podoces biddulphi) is a bird species endemic to China. It has a restricted range, living only in the Taklimakan Desert, southern part of Xinjiang. So far, little information has been known of the status and ecology of the bird in the world. Since 1988, I have been taking field investigations on the distribution, population size and breeding ecology of the Xinjiang Ground Jay in the desert.In this thesis, the desertification in relation to the eastward expansion of the ground jays was discussed.

小小说 处罚

进财务科不久,郭岚就得罪了科长。原因其实很简单,科长是市经委某主任的长子,前任总经理因“工作需要”,力排众议,提拔了本无啥专长的他,而他打从郭岚到位上岗,就一个劲儿地对她穷追不舍,她却偏偏不识趣,斗胆拒绝了自命不凡的他。 提起郭岚,熟悉她的人都说这位秀秀气气的姑娘还是位书痴。每逢节假日。

夜读拾奇

酒后无德乱投药歪打正着祛顽疾 据《清朝野史大观·清代述异》载,一童姓医生,居住在仁和(今属浙江省杭州市)的独山村。一日,谢村有人来邀童医生出诊,童医生即让自家的船工驾舟前往。到谢村一见患者,才知其得的是膈症。

勇敢的白猫卫士

户外,大家正在进行有趣的体育游戏—— “黑猫警长”。扮演警长的冯老师带领一群 “白猫卫士”准备去捉偷粮食的“一只耳” (“白猫”和“一只耳”分别由幼儿扮演)。“卫士”们一个个神气活现地尾随着“警长”执行这一紧急任务。在一路小跑的追捕途中,“一只耳”们吓得抱头鼠窜,“白猫卫士”四处搜索。忽然,一名“卫土”噗嗵一声被石块绊倒,他在起身拍打尘土时,眼里充满了因未亲自捉住“一只耳”而流露出的悲伤和委屈。

“穷”亲戚(小小说)

呆头李三成了连里新闻人物。 事情很简单:赵团长来连里检查工作,好几次连里备了午饭,但到吃饭的时候。

侨乡司前沐朝晖

新会是广东著名的侨乡之一,在这侨乡有一个美丽的小镇叫司前。多年以来,这个有着“新会地尾”之称的小镇默默无闻,因着地偏一隅,人多田少,飘洋过海、出外谋生者甚多。随着邓小平同志南巡再掀改革开放热潮,司前这个小镇竟发生了翻天复地的变化,全镇工农业总产值以每年增加2个亿的幅度递增,1995年全镇工农业总产值达到9.3亿元,比1992年增长158%;农村人均收入2800元,

Natural distribution,diffusion and geographical origin of the genus Homidia B?rner,1906(Collembola:Entomobryidae)

The natural distribution, diffusion, and geographical origin of the genus Homidia Brmer, 1906 （Collembola： Entomobryidae） are investigated based on the geographical distribution of the genus Homidia. Of the 57 species of the genus Homidia known worldwide, most are distributed in Asia （54 species） with China （32 species including 23 native species） having the most species in this genus. The only region outside Asia with a significant fauna is United States including Georgia, Illinois, Louisiana and Hawaii （6 species）. The authors propose a theory for the origin and diffusion of members of this genus.

Himalayan Monal(Lophophorus impejanus):distribution,habitat and population status in Tibet,China

The Himalayan Monal (Lophophorus impejanus) is a national first grade protected species in China.So far,current knowledge of the Himalayan Monal in China is still poor.An estimate of its distribution,numbers and habitat was conducted during a two-year investigation from 2008 to 2009 in southern Tibet,especially in Lhozhag,Cona and Yadong counties.In total,12 sightings of the Himalayan Monal were recorded during the study period.Our data suggest that this bird is mainly found in Medog,Zayu,Cona,Lhunze,Lhozhag,Nyalam,Dingjie,Gamba and Yadong counties on the southern slopes of the Himalayas.Its western-most location was confirmed to be Nyalam County.The bird ranges in elevation from 3800 to 4300 m in the summer and from 3200 to 3500 m in the winter.We sighted 36-37 individual birds,consisting of 8-10 males,16-20 females and 7-8 sub-adults inhabiting the area around the Kajiu Monastery in Lhozhag County.The birds are mainly found in rocky forests,interspersed with steep slopes,cliffs and alpine meadows at elevations between 3800 and 4000 m.The population density of the Himalayan Monal near the Kajiu Monastery is 2.03 individual birds per km2,much larger than that of Yadong and Cona counties (0.052 individuals per krn2).

Effective stress analysis method of seismic response for high tailings dam

Based on the analysis method for tailings dam in upstream raising method presently used in metallurgy and nonferrous metals tailings depository in the world, an effective stress analysis method of seismic response for high tailings dam was developed according to the results of engineering geological exploration, static and dynamic test and stability analysis on Baizhishan tailing dam 113.5 m high. The law of generation, diffusion and dissipation of seismic pore water pressure during and after earthquake was investigated, and the results of tailings dam’s acceleration, seismic dynamic stress and pore water pressure were obtained. The results show that the seismic stability and liquefaction resistance of high tailings dam are strengthened remarkably, and the scope and depth of liquefaction area at the top of dam are reduced greatly. The interior stress is compressive stress, the stress level of every element is less than 1.0 and the safety coefficient of every element is greater than 1.0. The safety coefficient against liquefaction of every element of tailing dam is greater than 1.5 according to the effective stress analysis of seismic response by finite element method. The calculated results prove that liquefaction is the main reason of seismic failure of high tailing dams, and the effect of seismic inertia forces on high tailing dams’ stability during earthquake is secondary reason.

Patch occupancy by the Chinese Grouse(Tetrastes sewerzowi)in a fragmented landscape

The Chinese Grouse (Tetrastes sewerzowi) is a rare, endemic bird in China, inhabiting conifer-dominated mountain forests. Both the natural fragmentation and heavy cutting of mature forests have resulted in patchy grouse habitats. We used SPOT (XS-sensor) satellite imagery to discriminate between open land and conifer or broadleaf forests. The area analyzed is about 120000 ha in size and includes the Lianhuashan Nature Reserve and the Yeliguan Forestry Park. We identiifed 4111 ha of mature coniferous forests in 229 patches (maximum 332 ha, mean 18 ha) as the habitat used by Chinese Grouse throughout the year. We examined 31 forest islands of different sizes and degrees of isolation for the presence of Chinese Grouse. We used generalized linear models (GLM) with binomial error structure and logit link function to estimate the probability of Chinese Grouse occupancy in a forest fragment. Habitat patch size (hs) and distance to the next occupied fragment (doc) were used as predictor variables, important for occupancy. Small habitat islands were disproportionately less likely to be occupied than large, nearby habitats. There was a clear speciifc habitat size of about 40 ha, above which habitat fragments were occupied more often. Suitable habitat fragments isolated by more than 2 km appeared to be inaccessible to Chinese Grouse. The results have been used in reforestation projects to establish linking corridors in the study area.

About the geographic distribution of the Xinjiang Ground Jay (Podoces biddulphi)

Considering a recent proposition on this journal that the endemic Xinjiang Ground Jay (Podoces biddulphi) would be expanding its range to Qinghai and Gansu, a previously overlooked statement has been found in old literature suggesting that this species has occurred in Gansu at least since the 19th century. The phreatophytic vegetation this desert bird requires likely constrains its distribution. Therefore, although the desert expansion the current global climate warming is producing may make the Xinjiang Ground Jay expand its range, only well-preserved desert might be colonized. Future research in apparently suitable areas, at present inhabited by the Mongolian Ground Jay (P. hendersoni) instead, might make the ecology of these two mutually exclusive species better understood.

Discussion on the Measurement Method for the Coda Wave Quality Factor

The Quality factor is the parameter that can be used to describe the energy attenuation on seismic wave. In theory, we can obtain the relationship between the change of the coda wave quality factor with time and the strong earthquake preparation process on the basis of the quality factor of a coda wave in a same ray path. However, in reality the coda wave quality factor measured by different seismic coda waves corresponds to different seismic wave ray paths. The change of the quality factor with time is related to non-elastic characteristics of the medium and the volume of scattering ellipsoid constrained by scattered wave phase fronts, besides the change of regional stress field. This paper discusses the relationship between quality factor, epicenter distance and different lapse time, and then discusses the relationship between quality factor and frequency. Furthermore the determination method of the coda wave quality factor is put forward. The improved determination method of the quality factor, which removes the influence of different earthquakes or propagation depth of scattered waves, may increase measurement precision, thus information pertaining to abnormal changes in quality factor and the relationship between the quality factor and earthquake preparation process can be acquired.

Effect of Weed Control on Establishment and Herbage Production in Dwarf Napiergrass

Weed control is a crucial factor for maintaining establishment and herbage production in dwarf variety of late-heading type （DL） napiergrass （Pennisetum purpureum Schumach） in southern Kyushu, Japan. This study was aimed to verify the weeding-effect on dry matter （DM） production in the farm level and to examine the effect of several weed control, i.e. mixed sowing of annual setaria （abbreviated as S）, which has no regrowth ability after stem-elongation, paper-mulching （as P） and hand-weeding （as ＋W）, compared with no-weeding （as -W） on DM yield and quality of DL napiergrass in two years. Weed control practices significantly （P 〈 0.05） promoted several plant growth attributes in DL napiergrass, compared with no-weeding both in the farm and experimental levels. Paper-mulchidng （P-W or P＋S-W） had highest yields among several practices in both years. Setaria-sowing ha a partially mitigating effect of weed damage on DM production of DL napiergrass, while additive DM gain from setaria could compensate the yield decrease in DL napiergrass and reduce herbicide cost. Neither digestibility nor crude protein was affected by any weed control in either year. Thus, paper-mulching and annual setaria-sowing could be effective alternative practices for weed control of this species.

The research and practice of major technological issues on design of Three Gorges Project

The dam of Three Gorges Project is characterized by large flood discharge capacity,more outlets,complicated flood discharge and energy dissipation structure,and the stability of the bank powerhouse dam foundation is endangered by large gentle-dip structural plane of the bedrock due to the deep excavation of powerhouse at the dam-toe.For the dam body concrete,the durability requirement is high and the temperature control and crack prevention are difficult.The practical experience which could be used for reference in the design and construction of asphalt concrete core wall for Maopingxi protective earth-rock dam is scarce.The power station operates with high water head and large head variation.The type selection of penstock and intake as well as the embedding way of spiral case are complicated in technique,and the tailrace tunnel with sloping ceiling of underground power plant is arranged instead of traditional tailrace surge tank.For the double-line five-step ship-lock,the design of fully lined ship-lock,high head delivery system and large-sized miter gates and hoists is very challenging due to high operation head,complicated delivery conditions and building in deep excavated rock.The preferred solutions,optimal schemes and technical measures for various structures,as well as the innovation achievements proved by practice are highlighted.