弱固结围岩中圆形隧洞的地层反应

为了研究弱固结地层中圆形隧洞围岩封闭界面的特征曲线，提出了承受均布外部应力、内部压力的圆形孔洞附近的应力和位移的封闭式解。由于大多数弱固结岩土材料显示出非线性相关的强度特性，故结合非线性虎克－布朗准则采用了弹塑性模型。因此，大多数帝类现有的封闭式解均是采用线性莫尔－库伦准则获得，所以，将所推荐的解与线性准则求得的结果作比较，以评价线性假定可能的影响。结论是由线性莫尔－库伦准则所得的计算结果。

汤峪河渡槽吊杆式拱架支承结构抗震性能分析

汤峪河渡槽采用的吊杆式拱架支承结构是国内外水工渡槽及道路工程中首创的一种工程支承结构。以汤峪河渡槽为工程实例 ,运用当今普遍采用的振型分解反应谱法和 P11D平面静力计算程序 ,分析了这种结构形式的地震反应特性。结果表明 :(1)下弦杆分缝的处理方法有效地释放了地震力所引起的结构超静定内力 ;(2 )在头道梁的拱脚附近的截面上 ,地震内力与常规荷载内力叠加后产生了巨大的偏心 ,这给结构的配筋及混凝土抗裂性要求增加了一定难度 ,设计时应重视该处截面尺寸的拟定 ,可在该处加设梗胁结构 ,加强构造配筋。

北京某地铁隧道错台变形治理研究

以北京市某地铁隧道错台变形治理为工程背景,对复合式注浆施工技术加以研究,对隧道注浆前和注浆后分别进行了监控量测。根据工后地质钻孔和实测数据,隧道及道床结构沉降基本稳定;隧道管片裂缝及错台现象有所缓解。证明复合式注浆技术作为一种洞外处理隧道沉降、变形等病害的治理手段,可供借鉴。

地下建筑结构应充分考虑抗震问题——1995年阪神地震破坏的启示

地下结构一直被认为具有良好的抗震性能。 1995年阪神大地震发生之前 ,很少有大型地下结构在地震中严重破坏的报道。然则 ,阪神大地震中 ,包括诸如地铁车站及其区间隧道等结构在内的大量大型地下结构出现严重的破坏 ,引起世人震惊 ,使人们对地下结构的抗震安全性产生了怀疑。尔后 ,地震工程界特别是日本出现了地下结构抗震研究的热潮。初步研究表明 ,地下结构具有不同于地面结构的抗震性能和破坏特征 ,在某些情况下 。

MULTIMODAL CONTROL OF SEISMIC RESPONSES OF TALL BUILDINGS

Multimodal control for seismic responses of tall buildings is performed by using MTMDs. Installation and main parameters of MTMDs are described, equations of motion of the coupled system of tall buildings and MTMDs are built under earthquake excitations, and parametrical optimization for multimodal control is carried out under excitations of harmonic ground motion. An 11 story frame building controlled by MTMDs is simulated under the excitation of El Centro earthquake (1940, NS), and its displacement response at the top floor in the case of multimodal control is reduced by 20% more than the case of single modal control. Some conclusions are given as the MTMDs is an effective, reliable and practical passive measurement for controlling seismic responses of tall buildings and the multimodal control has better adaptability and reliability by comparison with the single modal control.

Gas reservoir identification by seismic AVO attributes on fluid substitution

Traditionally, fluid substitutions are often conducted on log data for calculating reservoir elastic properties with different pore fluids. Their corresponding seismic responses are computed by seismic forward modeling for direct gas reservoir identification. The workflow provides us with the information about reservoir and seismic but just at the well. For real reservoirs, the reservoir parameters such as porosity, clay content, and thickness vary with location. So the information from traditional fluid substitution just at the well is limited. By assuming a rock physics model linking the elastic properties to porosity and mineralogy, we conducted seismic forward modeling and AVO attributes computation on a three-layer earth model with varying porosity, clay content, and formation thickness. Then we analyzed the relations between AVO attributes at wet reservoirs and those at the same but gas reservoirs. We arrived at their linear relations within the assumption framework used in the forward modeling. Their linear relations make it possible to directly conduct fluid substitution on seismic AVO attributes. Finally, we applied these linear relations for fluid substitution on seismic data and identified gas reservoirs by the cross-plot between the AVO attributes from seismic data and those from seismic data after direct fluid substitution.

Amplification Effect of Peak Ground Motion Acceleration in ClassⅡ and Ⅲ Sites over Shandong Province

In this paper, the amplification factor （ks ） of peek ground motion with different exceedance probability in class Ⅱ and Ⅲ sites over Shandong Province was estimated by analyzing the seismic response data of soil layers collected from 358 boreholes of class Ⅱ sites and 140 boreholes of class Ⅲ site. From the results, one can conclude that： （1） The scatter plot of ks generally obeys a normal distribution ; （2） ks decreases with the increase of the strength of input ground motion, which is more apparent in Class Ⅲ site than in class lI site; （3） for class Ⅱ site, with the increase of depth of the bedrock interface where ground motion inputs, ks increases gradually until to a stable value when the depth reaches up to approximately 20 meters or larger. Yet, for class Ⅲ site, ks is insensitive to the depth; （4） the average of ks for class Ⅱ site is 1.47, slightly larger than that used in the Seismic Ground Motion Parameters Zonation Map of China （ GB 18306-2001 ）. Also, ks in class Ⅱ and Ⅲ sites at different levels of peak ground acceleration over Shandong Province is preliminarily discussed in the paper.

Statistical Analysis of the Dynamic Parameters of Silty Clay in the Beijing Area

Soil dynamic parameters,including dynamic shear modulus ratio and damping ratio,have important effects on the results of layered soil earthquake response. In this paper,the mean parameter values of silty clay in different depths are obtained after statistical analysis of the experimental soil dynamic data from 20 recent site seismic safety evaluation reports in the Beijing area. Furthermore,based on two typical engineering sites,the influence of four different soil dynamic parameters,the statistic mean values,experimental values, values recommended by Yuan Xiaoming,and the values recommended in the code for seismic safety evaluation of engineering sites( DB001-94) are analyzed. The result shows that mean statistical values are applicable to seismic safety evaluation work in the Beijing area,especially for some inter-layered silty clays whose undisturbed soil samples are hard to obtain.

A Discussion on the Generality of Precursor Waves on Well Water Level Records

Taking five underground water level observation wells with high earthquake response capability and located in Shanxi,Hebei and Inner Mongolia as study objects,this paper studies and discusses the generality of precursor waves in well water levels before strong earthquakes. It is indicated that the precursor waves often happen before strong earthquakes,with the ratio of occurrence up to 65% ( 41 /63 ) ; the precursor waves have poor generality in different observation wells,which may be related to the different well-aquifer system of different observation wells and the different source parameters of earthquakes. Compared to the seismic water level fluctuations in a single well,the number of precursor wave times recorded in well water levels before strong earthquakes is slightly less than that of seismic water level fluctuations,with a ratio between 39. 7% and 50. 7%, respectively. The number of observation wells with precursor wave recordings before earthquakes accounts for up to 66. 7% of the total number of observation wells. The precursor wave in well water level records has a certain generality in terms of the number of times recorded and the spatial distribution,except for its manifestation characteristics.