In metropolitan regions, the change in the strength of "flows" between a core city and surrounding cities re-flects the range of the core city's influence, while the gravity between core city and other c...In metropolitan regions, the change in the strength of "flows" between a core city and surrounding cities re-flects the range of the core city's influence, while the gravity between core city and other cities reflects the strength of potential relation between them. This article firstly attempts to delimit the boundary of metropolitan regions with the two dimensions measure combining "flows" and gravitation. The former is measured through the flow of people be-tween the core city and surrounding cities, and the latter is measured through both population and gross domestic products (GDP) of the core city and surrounding cities. The hierarchy of the cities within a metropolitan region is classified in order to emphasize the roles of the cities belonging to the metropolitan regions, different from the general way through population scale and administrative level, and is typical in China. This paper uses the Shanghai metropolitan region as a research case, determining boundary of this metropolitan region clearly and classifying hierarchy of the cities within the region. The final results are significantly different to previous work, even overthrowing the traditional system of urban hierarchy partly. It is helpful to highlight the function of cities in organizing the regional economy, the level structure of metropolitan regions, and each city's relative importance in a metropolitan region, which can be taken as scientific basis for planning integrated regions or urban systems.展开更多
Taking the main land of Europe as the region to be studied, the potential of the new satellite gravity technique: satellite-to-satellite tracking (SST) and improving the accuracy of regional gravity field model with t...Taking the main land of Europe as the region to be studied, the potential of the new satellite gravity technique: satellite-to-satellite tracking (SST) and improving the accuracy of regional gravity field model with the SST models are investigated. The drawbacks of these models are discussed. With GPM98C as the reference, the gravity anomaly residuals of several other models, the latest SST global gravity field models (EIGEN series and GGM series), were computed and compared. The results of the comparison show that in the selected region, some systematic errors with periodical properties exist in the EIGEN and GGM’s S series models in the high degree and order. Some information that was not shown in the classic gravity models is detected in the low and middle degree and order of EIGEN and GGM’s S series models. At last, the effective maximum degrees and orders of SST models are suggested.展开更多
Dongsha Island and the adjacent sea area locate at the northern continental margin of the South China Sea (SCS), and is connected to the east by the Manila Trench. Analyses of seismic stratigraphy and gravity, magneti...Dongsha Island and the adjacent sea area locate at the northern continental margin of the South China Sea (SCS), and is connected to the east by the Manila Trench. Analyses of seismic stratigraphy and gravity, magnetic and drilling wells data led to the discovery of three post fault sequences (V, VI, VII). Extensive tectonic uplift, magma activity and erosion occurred in Dongsha Island and the adjacent area, where most of the faults in the northeastern SCS were still active during Pliocene and Quaternary. Two groups of faults trending NEE and NW were developed during Late Cenozoic. We conclude that three important tectonic movements, especially Dongsha movement (4.4-5.2 Ma) and Liuhua movement (1.4-1.89 Ma), controlled the structural framework in the Dongsha rise; whose deformation in the east is stronger than that in the west and whose stress field variation suggests that the tectonic uplift in the study area contributed to magmato tectonic events correlated to the main collision phases between the East China and Taiwan 5-3 and 3-0 Ma ago.展开更多
A new approach was taken to investigate the crustal stucture of the Kane transform and its aseismic extension, using high quality bathymetry and gravity data. The gravity signatures associated with variations in crust...A new approach was taken to investigate the crustal stucture of the Kane transform and its aseismic extension, using high quality bathymetry and gravity data. The gravity signatures associated with variations in crustal thickness of the transform were isolated from the observed free air anomaly, was continued downward to the mean depth of the crust/mantle interface and converted onto the relief on that surface. The crustal thickness of the transform was then calculated by subtracting seawater depth from the depth of the gravity inferred crust/mantle interface.3 D gravity investigation results indicate that the Kane transform and adjacent areas are associated with a crust thinner than normal oceanic crust. The transform trough is largely underlain by a crust less than 4.5km thick and in the nodal basins the crust may be as thin as 3 km. The crust beneath the fracture zone valley is 4-5.5 km thick. The rift valleys on the spreading segments are also characterized by thin crust (4-5 km thick). Thin oceanic crust extends to 20-30 km from the transform axis,except for some localized places such as the inside corner highs adjoining the ridge transform intersections. These gravity inferred results match fairly well with limited published seismic results. Thinning of the crust is mainly attributable to a thin layer 3, which in turn may be explained by the combined effects of reduced magma supply at the ends of the spreading segments and tectonic activities in the region.展开更多
Based on the vector graviton metric theory of gravitation (VGM) suggested by one of the authors of this article, using the method of null tetrad and analytic continuation, this paper gives the metric of the rotating c...Based on the vector graviton metric theory of gravitation (VGM) suggested by one of the authors of this article, using the method of null tetrad and analytic continuation, this paper gives the metric of the rotating charged spherical mass in VGM. The result shows once again that a replacement of G by G* = G(1 - G M /2r) in general relativity will yield the corresponding result in VGM for the metric in vacuum.展开更多
On the basis of the dislocation theory and gravity observation, a joint inversion model is presented with a fitting factor A scaling amplitudes between the gravity and GPS observation data. The test results show that ...On the basis of the dislocation theory and gravity observation, a joint inversion model is presented with a fitting factor A scaling amplitudes between the gravity and GPS observation data. The test results show that the new joint model is better than that taking the scale factor ), as a constant from the inversion result of MSE (mean square error). In addition, the random cost method used in the inversion algorithm is revised and improved, which shows that the improved random cost method can easily get the local minimum value and greatly decrease the iteration steps.展开更多
As a part of the carrying capacity system of tourism destination, tourism psychological carrying capacity and its makeup are very important indexes which reflect the harmoni-ous development of tourism destination deve...As a part of the carrying capacity system of tourism destination, tourism psychological carrying capacity and its makeup are very important indexes which reflect the harmoni-ous development of tourism destination develops harmoniously, but the academy has not paid enough attention to them. Based on the concept and connotation of psychological carrying ca-pacity, this paper explains the influencing factors which affect the psychological capacity of the tourist and the resident after the acknowledged concept, and then designs a harmonious de-velopment model of tourism destination. Finally, it offers some countermeasures against the overloading psychological capac-ity.展开更多
We describe the earlier unknown, when applied to global tectonics, centrifugal inertial mechanism of lithosphere plate moving under the effect of forces appearing as a result of Earth’s planetary rotation. The mechan...We describe the earlier unknown, when applied to global tectonics, centrifugal inertial mechanism of lithosphere plate moving under the effect of forces appearing as a result of Earth’s planetary rotation. The mechanism stated gives an insight into global tectonics of plates with the indirect participation of emanation streams which, in their turn, are the derivatives of centrifugal and inertial forces of planetary motion. The application of this mechanism provides a logical explanation for the regularities of global tectogenesis including the formation of mountain ridges mainly of submeridional and sublatitudinal strike, and also the drift of continental plates from the east to the west and from the south to the north. The mechanism clarifies the significance of the Arctic and the Antarctic Circles as geodynamic barriers.展开更多
War is arguably the most extreme scenario for the exertion of violence. All warring parties suffer in one way or another but those who suffer most are usually those who least deserve it--the common folk. The paper wil...War is arguably the most extreme scenario for the exertion of violence. All warring parties suffer in one way or another but those who suffer most are usually those who least deserve it--the common folk. The paper will take as a case study one of the epic Mediterranean battles in the ongoing Christian versus Muslim conflict of the Early Modem Age. Happening in 1565, though micro in scale, the four-month engagement known as the Great Siege of Malta which was fought between the Ottoman Turkish troops and their Barbary Coast partners on the one side and the Hospitallers of the Order of St. John and their European and Maltese allies on the other side, was macro in its significance. This fierce clash left its destructive mark not only on the warring adversaries but the more so on the Maltese inhabitants who found themselves immersed in a war which was not strictly theirs but of which they were forced to endure the hardships, participate in the ongoing combat, and face the daily extreme psychological pressure and physical cruelty which are generally meted out to the defenceless and the most vulnerable in the war zone. No brutality was spared and extreme violence was the order of the day.展开更多
The flow of rural labor to urban is a significant phenomenon in China during the last 20 years.In spite of many researches focus on the driving force of economy,terrain is an important index in the rural development.T...The flow of rural labor to urban is a significant phenomenon in China during the last 20 years.In spite of many researches focus on the driving force of economy,terrain is an important index in the rural development.There is a question that whether the flow of rural labor has some relationships with terrain.The study used the relief degree of land surface (RDLS) as terrain index,and the cost distance model and the center of gravity model to analyze the relationship between terrain and labor flows.The results indicated:(1) In the last 20 years,the rural labor force was not simply flowing to the low terrain region in Shaanxi province.And the RDLS was constantly strengthening the influence on the movement.(2) The RDLS was low in Guanzhong region,and the translation of rural labors relatively was not significant.Since North Shaanxi act as the energy industry base,the number of rural labors there increased faster than in South Shaanxi.(3) The movements of economical centers took an important role in the change of rural labor centers,and terrain factors also showed a high correlation with them.It is found that the lower of the terrain index,the higher of the land intensive degree,the more intensive of nonagriculturalization process.展开更多
Congestive heart failure(CHF),the manifestationat the late stage of cardiovascular diseases,is a commonand critical illness.Traditional Chinese medicine showsa good therapeutic effectiveness in treatment of CHF,especi...Congestive heart failure(CHF),the manifestationat the late stage of cardiovascular diseases,is a commonand critical illness.Traditional Chinese medicine showsa good therapeutic effectiveness in treatment of CHF,especially for latent heart failure,refractory heart failureand digitalis poisoning.The thinking on treatment ofCHF by traditional Chinese medicine on the basis ofclinical practice is described below.展开更多
The development of offshore wind energy is fast as it is clean, safe and of high efficiency. The harsh marine environment raises high demand on the foundation design of offshore wind turbine. Earthquake loading is one...The development of offshore wind energy is fast as it is clean, safe and of high efficiency. The harsh marine environment raises high demand on the foundation design of offshore wind turbine. Earthquake loading is one of the most significant factors which should be considered in the design phase. In this paper, a group of earthquake centrifuge tests were conducted on a physical wind turbine model with tripod foundation. The seismic responses of both wind turbine model and foundation soil were analyzed in terms of the recorded accelerations, pore water pressures, lateral displacements and settlements. The results were also compared with those measured in the previous research on mono-pile foundation. It is demonstrated that the tripod foundation can provide better resistance in the lateral displacement and structural settlement under earthquake loading.展开更多
Penetrating cerebral injuries caused by foreign bodies are rare in civilian neurosurgical trauma, al- though there are various reports of blast or gunshot injuries in warfare due to multiple foreign bodies like pellet...Penetrating cerebral injuries caused by foreign bodies are rare in civilian neurosurgical trauma, al- though there are various reports of blast or gunshot injuries in warfare due to multiple foreign bodies like pellets and nails. In our case, a 30-year-old man presented to neurosurgery clinic with signs and symptoms of right-sided weakness after suicide bomb attack. The skull X-ray showed a single intracranial nail. Small craniotomy was done and the nail was removed with caution to avoid injury to surrounding normal brain tissue. At 6 months' follow-up his right- sided power improved to against gravity.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the clinical effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on the head points for improving gnosia in patients with vascular dementia (VD). Methods: 90 VD patients were randomly divided into a dru...Objective: To investigate the clinical effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on the head points for improving gnosia in patients with vascular dementia (VD). Methods: 90 VD patients were randomly divided into a drug group, an EA group and an EA plus drug group. Scoring with the M/VISE scale and detecting the relevant potentials were done before treatment and after a 6-week treatment. Results: Gnosia was improved after treatment in all the three groups with no significant difference by the intergroup comparison. Conclusion: The above three therapies can all improve gnosia, reduce the psychological stress, strengthen attention and shorten the awaiting time for recognition; and EA plus Nimodipine seems to be the best in the curative effect.展开更多
The structures of Y2Fe17-xCrx are simulated by the ab initio potentials. The site preference of Cr atom in Y2Fe17 is evaluated and the order is determined as 4f, 12j, which is close to the experimental result. Based o...The structures of Y2Fe17-xCrx are simulated by the ab initio potentials. The site preference of Cr atom in Y2Fe17 is evaluated and the order is determined as 4f, 12j, which is close to the experimental result. Based on the site preference behavior, the calculated parameters and the atom sites of Y-Fe-Cr system are studied. The result corresponds well to observed data. Further, the DOS of the relaxed structures are calculated and the variation in Curie temperature is explained qualitatively by the spin-fluctuation theory.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of Shanghai Foundation Item for Philosophy and Social Sciences (No 2005BCK004)Research Center on Metropolitan Regions of China (No RCMRC 07006)
文摘In metropolitan regions, the change in the strength of "flows" between a core city and surrounding cities re-flects the range of the core city's influence, while the gravity between core city and other cities reflects the strength of potential relation between them. This article firstly attempts to delimit the boundary of metropolitan regions with the two dimensions measure combining "flows" and gravitation. The former is measured through the flow of people be-tween the core city and surrounding cities, and the latter is measured through both population and gross domestic products (GDP) of the core city and surrounding cities. The hierarchy of the cities within a metropolitan region is classified in order to emphasize the roles of the cities belonging to the metropolitan regions, different from the general way through population scale and administrative level, and is typical in China. This paper uses the Shanghai metropolitan region as a research case, determining boundary of this metropolitan region clearly and classifying hierarchy of the cities within the region. The final results are significantly different to previous work, even overthrowing the traditional system of urban hierarchy partly. It is helpful to highlight the function of cities in organizing the regional economy, the level structure of metropolitan regions, and each city's relative importance in a metropolitan region, which can be taken as scientific basis for planning integrated regions or urban systems.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40574005 No.40304001 +1 种基金 No.40374006 No.40234039) .
文摘Taking the main land of Europe as the region to be studied, the potential of the new satellite gravity technique: satellite-to-satellite tracking (SST) and improving the accuracy of regional gravity field model with the SST models are investigated. The drawbacks of these models are discussed. With GPM98C as the reference, the gravity anomaly residuals of several other models, the latest SST global gravity field models (EIGEN series and GGM series), were computed and compared. The results of the comparison show that in the selected region, some systematic errors with periodical properties exist in the EIGEN and GGM’s S series models in the high degree and order. Some information that was not shown in the classic gravity models is detected in the low and middle degree and order of EIGEN and GGM’s S series models. At last, the effective maximum degrees and orders of SST models are suggested.
文摘Dongsha Island and the adjacent sea area locate at the northern continental margin of the South China Sea (SCS), and is connected to the east by the Manila Trench. Analyses of seismic stratigraphy and gravity, magnetic and drilling wells data led to the discovery of three post fault sequences (V, VI, VII). Extensive tectonic uplift, magma activity and erosion occurred in Dongsha Island and the adjacent area, where most of the faults in the northeastern SCS were still active during Pliocene and Quaternary. Two groups of faults trending NEE and NW were developed during Late Cenozoic. We conclude that three important tectonic movements, especially Dongsha movement (4.4-5.2 Ma) and Liuhua movement (1.4-1.89 Ma), controlled the structural framework in the Dongsha rise; whose deformation in the east is stronger than that in the west and whose stress field variation suggests that the tectonic uplift in the study area contributed to magmato tectonic events correlated to the main collision phases between the East China and Taiwan 5-3 and 3-0 Ma ago.
文摘A new approach was taken to investigate the crustal stucture of the Kane transform and its aseismic extension, using high quality bathymetry and gravity data. The gravity signatures associated with variations in crustal thickness of the transform were isolated from the observed free air anomaly, was continued downward to the mean depth of the crust/mantle interface and converted onto the relief on that surface. The crustal thickness of the transform was then calculated by subtracting seawater depth from the depth of the gravity inferred crust/mantle interface.3 D gravity investigation results indicate that the Kane transform and adjacent areas are associated with a crust thinner than normal oceanic crust. The transform trough is largely underlain by a crust less than 4.5km thick and in the nodal basins the crust may be as thin as 3 km. The crust beneath the fracture zone valley is 4-5.5 km thick. The rift valleys on the spreading segments are also characterized by thin crust (4-5 km thick). Thin oceanic crust extends to 20-30 km from the transform axis,except for some localized places such as the inside corner highs adjoining the ridge transform intersections. These gravity inferred results match fairly well with limited published seismic results. Thinning of the crust is mainly attributable to a thin layer 3, which in turn may be explained by the combined effects of reduced magma supply at the ends of the spreading segments and tectonic activities in the region.
文摘Based on the vector graviton metric theory of gravitation (VGM) suggested by one of the authors of this article, using the method of null tetrad and analytic continuation, this paper gives the metric of the rotating charged spherical mass in VGM. The result shows once again that a replacement of G by G* = G(1 - G M /2r) in general relativity will yield the corresponding result in VGM for the metric in vacuum.
基金Project supported by Programfor NewCentury Excellent Talentsin University(No. NCET-04-0681) Hubei Province Excellent Young Sciencisit Foun-dation (No.2002AC011) +2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40344023) Fund of Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Dynamic ,In-stitute of Geodesy and Geophysics , Chinese Academy of Science (No.L04-02) and Open Research Fund Programof the Key Laboratory of GeospaceEnvironment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, China (No.905276031-04-08 ,950276031-04-10) .
文摘On the basis of the dislocation theory and gravity observation, a joint inversion model is presented with a fitting factor A scaling amplitudes between the gravity and GPS observation data. The test results show that the new joint model is better than that taking the scale factor ), as a constant from the inversion result of MSE (mean square error). In addition, the random cost method used in the inversion algorithm is revised and improved, which shows that the improved random cost method can easily get the local minimum value and greatly decrease the iteration steps.
文摘As a part of the carrying capacity system of tourism destination, tourism psychological carrying capacity and its makeup are very important indexes which reflect the harmoni-ous development of tourism destination develops harmoniously, but the academy has not paid enough attention to them. Based on the concept and connotation of psychological carrying ca-pacity, this paper explains the influencing factors which affect the psychological capacity of the tourist and the resident after the acknowledged concept, and then designs a harmonious de-velopment model of tourism destination. Finally, it offers some countermeasures against the overloading psychological capac-ity.
文摘We describe the earlier unknown, when applied to global tectonics, centrifugal inertial mechanism of lithosphere plate moving under the effect of forces appearing as a result of Earth’s planetary rotation. The mechanism stated gives an insight into global tectonics of plates with the indirect participation of emanation streams which, in their turn, are the derivatives of centrifugal and inertial forces of planetary motion. The application of this mechanism provides a logical explanation for the regularities of global tectogenesis including the formation of mountain ridges mainly of submeridional and sublatitudinal strike, and also the drift of continental plates from the east to the west and from the south to the north. The mechanism clarifies the significance of the Arctic and the Antarctic Circles as geodynamic barriers.
文摘War is arguably the most extreme scenario for the exertion of violence. All warring parties suffer in one way or another but those who suffer most are usually those who least deserve it--the common folk. The paper will take as a case study one of the epic Mediterranean battles in the ongoing Christian versus Muslim conflict of the Early Modem Age. Happening in 1565, though micro in scale, the four-month engagement known as the Great Siege of Malta which was fought between the Ottoman Turkish troops and their Barbary Coast partners on the one side and the Hospitallers of the Order of St. John and their European and Maltese allies on the other side, was macro in its significance. This fierce clash left its destructive mark not only on the warring adversaries but the more so on the Maltese inhabitants who found themselves immersed in a war which was not strictly theirs but of which they were forced to endure the hardships, participate in the ongoing combat, and face the daily extreme psychological pressure and physical cruelty which are generally meted out to the defenceless and the most vulnerable in the war zone. No brutality was spared and extreme violence was the order of the day.
基金supported by Social Science Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China (Grant No. 11E045)Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(Grant No. 2011JQ5014)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 10SZYB27)
文摘The flow of rural labor to urban is a significant phenomenon in China during the last 20 years.In spite of many researches focus on the driving force of economy,terrain is an important index in the rural development.There is a question that whether the flow of rural labor has some relationships with terrain.The study used the relief degree of land surface (RDLS) as terrain index,and the cost distance model and the center of gravity model to analyze the relationship between terrain and labor flows.The results indicated:(1) In the last 20 years,the rural labor force was not simply flowing to the low terrain region in Shaanxi province.And the RDLS was constantly strengthening the influence on the movement.(2) The RDLS was low in Guanzhong region,and the translation of rural labors relatively was not significant.Since North Shaanxi act as the energy industry base,the number of rural labors there increased faster than in South Shaanxi.(3) The movements of economical centers took an important role in the change of rural labor centers,and terrain factors also showed a high correlation with them.It is found that the lower of the terrain index,the higher of the land intensive degree,the more intensive of nonagriculturalization process.
文摘Congestive heart failure(CHF),the manifestationat the late stage of cardiovascular diseases,is a commonand critical illness.Traditional Chinese medicine showsa good therapeutic effectiveness in treatment of CHF,especially for latent heart failure,refractory heart failureand digitalis poisoning.The thinking on treatment ofCHF by traditional Chinese medicine on the basis ofclinical practice is described below.
文摘The development of offshore wind energy is fast as it is clean, safe and of high efficiency. The harsh marine environment raises high demand on the foundation design of offshore wind turbine. Earthquake loading is one of the most significant factors which should be considered in the design phase. In this paper, a group of earthquake centrifuge tests were conducted on a physical wind turbine model with tripod foundation. The seismic responses of both wind turbine model and foundation soil were analyzed in terms of the recorded accelerations, pore water pressures, lateral displacements and settlements. The results were also compared with those measured in the previous research on mono-pile foundation. It is demonstrated that the tripod foundation can provide better resistance in the lateral displacement and structural settlement under earthquake loading.
文摘Penetrating cerebral injuries caused by foreign bodies are rare in civilian neurosurgical trauma, al- though there are various reports of blast or gunshot injuries in warfare due to multiple foreign bodies like pellets and nails. In our case, a 30-year-old man presented to neurosurgery clinic with signs and symptoms of right-sided weakness after suicide bomb attack. The skull X-ray showed a single intracranial nail. Small craniotomy was done and the nail was removed with caution to avoid injury to surrounding normal brain tissue. At 6 months' follow-up his right- sided power improved to against gravity.
文摘Objective: To investigate the clinical effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on the head points for improving gnosia in patients with vascular dementia (VD). Methods: 90 VD patients were randomly divided into a drug group, an EA group and an EA plus drug group. Scoring with the M/VISE scale and detecting the relevant potentials were done before treatment and after a 6-week treatment. Results: Gnosia was improved after treatment in all the three groups with no significant difference by the intergroup comparison. Conclusion: The above three therapies can all improve gnosia, reduce the psychological stress, strengthen attention and shorten the awaiting time for recognition; and EA plus Nimodipine seems to be the best in the curative effect.
基金Special Funds for Major State Basic Research of China(Grant Nos.G2000067101,and G2000067106)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.59971006)
文摘The structures of Y2Fe17-xCrx are simulated by the ab initio potentials. The site preference of Cr atom in Y2Fe17 is evaluated and the order is determined as 4f, 12j, which is close to the experimental result. Based on the site preference behavior, the calculated parameters and the atom sites of Y-Fe-Cr system are studied. The result corresponds well to observed data. Further, the DOS of the relaxed structures are calculated and the variation in Curie temperature is explained qualitatively by the spin-fluctuation theory.